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    • All HBS Web  (3,282)
      • Faculty Publications  (860)

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      • May 2021 (Revised August 2021)
      • Case

      Airbnb During the Pandemic: Stakeholder Capitalism Faces a Critical Test

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Allison Ciechanover
      As the COVID pandemic spread in early 2020, global travel ground to a halt. For Airbnb, the San Francisco-based platform for renting accommodations, the impact was both swift and severe as revenues plummeted more than 70% over the prior year. Responding to the sudden... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Corporate Governance; Crisis Management; Leadership; Digital Platforms; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Value Creation; Decision Making; Goals and Objectives; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Travel Industry; Tourism Industry; Service Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Allison Ciechanover. "Airbnb During the Pandemic: Stakeholder Capitalism Faces a Critical Test." Harvard Business School Case 221-050, May 2021. (Revised August 2021.)
      • May 2021 (Revised July 2021)
      • Case

      Coats: Supply Chain Challenges

      By: Willy C. Shih and Adina Wong
      Coats, the largest thread maker in the world, transformed its business to digital colour measurement so that it could respond better to customer demand in the garment industry for rapid product cycles and more fragmented colour choices. Its embrace of digital colour... View Details
      Keywords: Inventory Management; Supply Chains; Digital; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Asia
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      Shih, Willy C., and Adina Wong. "Coats: Supply Chain Challenges." Harvard Business School Case 621-115, May 2021. (Revised July 2021.)
      • May 2021
      • Teaching Note

      American Airlines' Value Pricing (Abridged)

      By: Sunil Gupta and Alvin J. Silk
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-019. View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Marketing; Market Segmentation; Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Demand Analysis; Competition; Marketing; Segmentation; Price; Strategy; Demand and Consumers; Analysis; Air Transportation Industry
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Alvin J. Silk. "American Airlines' Value Pricing (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-108, May 2021.
      • May 2021
      • Case

      Endeavor Kenya: Building an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

      By: Lynda M. Applegate, Shikhar Ghosh and Christian Godwin
      In 2016, Fiona Mungai became Endeavor Kenya’s first managing director. In this role, she helped the organization build its inaugural board and select its first Endeavor entrepreneur, a fintech company called Cellulant. Throughout this process, Mungai observed the power... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Entrepreneurship; Human Resources; Leadership; Leading Change; Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Negotiation; Economy; Markets; Emerging Markets; Network Effects; Relationships; Strategy; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Shipping Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Africa; Kenya
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      Applegate, Lynda M., Shikhar Ghosh, and Christian Godwin. "Endeavor Kenya: Building an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 821-038, May 2021.
      • May 2021 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne Wilson
      By 2021, the mindfulness app wars reached their apex. Over 2,000 meditation apps were available to consumers, but two apps, Headspace and Calm, dominated the space, jointly holding about 70% of the total market. Headspace had established itself as the approachable... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Communication; Integrated Strategy; Brand; Brand & Product Management; Brand Communication; Brand Differentiation; Brand Building; Brand Management; E-Commerce Strategy; Ecommerce; App; App Development; Applications; COVID; COVID-19; Pandemic; Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Subscription Model; Subscription; Partnerships; Strategic Partnerships; B2B Vs. B2C; B2B; Health & Wellness; Wellbeing; Digitization; Commoditization; Mobile App; Mobile App Industry; Mobile Healthcare; Mobile Marketing; Digital Brand; Digital Health; Consumer Health; Apps; Online Business; Online Competition; Online Community; Online Entertainment; Entertainment And Leisure; Meditation; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Brands and Branding; Price; Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Partners and Partnerships; Health; Well-being; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Communication; Communication Strategy; Disruption; Consumer Behavior; Digital Marketing; E-commerce; Applications and Software; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Communications Industry; United States; North America; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne Wilson. "Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition." Harvard Business School Case 521-102, May 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
      • April 2021
      • Case

      Transforming BlackBerry: From Smartphones to Software

      By: Ranjay Gulati and Nicole Tempest Keller
      On the verge of failure, BlackBerry brought in John Chen as CEO in 2013 to orchestrate a bold turnaround of the company. Once an iconic leader in the smartphone market, BlackBerry was best known for its tactile QWERTY keyboard, strong security, and a focus on business... View Details
      Keywords: Pivot; Managing Change; Turnaround; Smartphone; Change Management; Leading Change; Transformation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Digital Platforms; Change; Information Infrastructure; Applications and Software; Competitive Strategy; Cybersecurity; Transportation Industry; Transportation Industry; Canada
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      Gulati, Ranjay, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Transforming BlackBerry: From Smartphones to Software." Harvard Business School Case 421-052, April 2021.
      • April 2021
      • Supplement

      Buy Online, Pickup in Store: Vice President of Store Operations Supplement

      By: Antonio Moreno, Santiago Gallino and Amy Klopfenstein
      In April 2019, Sylvarella VP of Store Operations Axley Vega must review an analysis of her department’s sales data to determine the impact of the company’s Buy Online, Pickup in Store (BOPS) program. BOPS implementation created significant problems for the store... View Details
      Keywords: Operations; Service Delivery; Logistics; Infrastructure; Distribution Channels; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Analysis; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States; Canada
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      Moreno, Antonio, Santiago Gallino, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Buy Online, Pickup in Store: Vice President of Store Operations Supplement." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-105, April 2021.
      • April 2021
      • Case

      Codecademy: Where to Next?

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Max Mailman and Sarah Ascherman
      In March 2020, Zach Sims, co-founder and CEO of online education platform Codecademy, prepared for a meeting with his Chief of Staff Kunal Ahuja to discuss the company’s goals. Codecademy billed itself as the largest online resource for computer science literacy and... View Details
      Keywords: Monetization Strategy; Business Model; Change Management; Venture Capital; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Teams; Marketing Channels; Product Marketing; Network Effects; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategic Planning; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Max Mailman, and Sarah Ascherman. "Codecademy: Where to Next?" Harvard Business School Case 821-093, April 2021.
      • April 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Drinkworks: Home Bar by Keurig

      By: Sunil Gupta and Jonathan Levav
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 521-010. In the summer of 2018, Drinkworks CEO Nathaniel Davis needed to make a number of go-to-market decisions ahead of his company’s upcoming product launch. Formed through a joint venture between Keurig Dr. Pepper and Anheuser-Busch... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Markets; Bids and Bidding; Demand and Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Market Design; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Product; Product Design; Product Development; Business Model; Customers; Customer Value and Value Chain; Decision Making; Decisions; Goods and Commodities; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Research; Research and Development; Strategy; Adoption; Competitive Advantage; Segmentation; Information Technology; Information Infrastructure; Value; Value Creation; Food and Beverage Industry; Consumer Products Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Jonathan Levav. "Drinkworks: Home Bar by Keurig." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-089, April 2021.
      • March 17, 2021
      • Other Article

      Beyond Pajamas: Sizing Up the Pandemic Shopper

      By: Ayelet Israeli, Eva Ascarza and Laura Castrillo
      A first look at how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted e-commerce apparel shopping in the US and the UK. Extensive analysis and interactive graphics utilizing millions of transactions.
      While the pandemic is still playing out, our preliminary investigations... View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Retail Analytics; Consumer; Pandemic; COVID; COVID-19; Apparel; Ecommerce; Online Shopping; Online Apparel; Online Sales; Returns; CRM; Customer Retention; Customer Experience; Customer Value; Digital; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customers; Health Pandemics; Consumer Behavior; Customer Relationship Management; Internet and the Web; Behavior; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; United States; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet, Eva Ascarza, and Laura Castrillo. "Beyond Pajamas: Sizing Up the Pandemic Shopper." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (March 17, 2021).
      • March 16, 2021
      • Article

      From Driverless Dilemmas to More Practical Commonsense Tests for Automated Vehicles

      By: Julian De Freitas, Andrea Censi, Bryant Walker Smith, Luigi Di Lillo, Sam E. Anthony and Emilio Frazzoli
      For the first time in history, automated vehicles (AVs) are being deployed in populated environments. This unprecedented transformation of our everyday lives demands a significant undertaking: endowing complex autonomous systems with ethically acceptable behavior. We... View Details
      Keywords: Automated Driving; Public Health; Artificial Intelligence; Transportation; Health; Ethics; Policy; AI and Machine Learning
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      De Freitas, Julian, Andrea Censi, Bryant Walker Smith, Luigi Di Lillo, Sam E. Anthony, and Emilio Frazzoli. "From Driverless Dilemmas to More Practical Commonsense Tests for Automated Vehicles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (March 16, 2021).
      • March 2021 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      Hotwire.com: Navigating Through Turbulence

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Manny de Zarraga and Eric Levine
      On September 10, 2001, after speaking at an industry conference at New York’s World Trade Center, Hotwire co-founder Spencer Rascoff boarded a flight from Newark to San Francisco. After returning home, Rascoff awoke the next morning to a phone call informing him that... View Details
      Keywords: September 11; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Business Growth and Maturation; Disruption; Decisions; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Growth Management; Digital Platforms; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Expansion; Internet and the Web; Leading Change; Leadership Style; Air Transportation Industry; Air Transportation Industry; San Francisco
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Manny de Zarraga, and Eric Levine. "Hotwire.com: Navigating Through Turbulence." Harvard Business School Case 821-084, March 2021. (Revised August 2024.)
      • March 2021 (Revised February 2025)
      • Teaching Note

      Afterpay U.S.: The Omnichannel Dilemma

      By: Antonio Moreno and Anibha Singh
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-086. In 2018, Nick Molnar, the founder of the Australia-based online payment service Afterpay began its expansion to the U.S. market. The service had gained a loyal following in Australia by enabling customers to pay for online... View Details
      Keywords: Omnichannel Retail; Digital Marketing; Business Startups; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-Profit Firms; Change Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Financing and Loans; Microfinance; Global Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Product Development; Supply Chain Management; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Network Effects; Internet and the Web; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Australia
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      Moreno, Antonio, and Anibha Singh. "Afterpay U.S.: The Omnichannel Dilemma." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 521-074, March 2021. (Revised February 2025.)
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)

      By: Meg Rithmire and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in November 2020 as Eyad Alkassar and Mahmoud Fouz, co-founders of Iran’s first and leading ride-hailing platform, Snapp, eagerly await the results of the U.S. presidential elections.
      The case takes us through the challenging times between... View Details
      Keywords: Sanctions; Change Management; Disruption; Volatility; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; International Relations; National Security; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Health Pandemics; Transportation Industry; Middle East; Iran
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-036, March 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Case

      Dasra: From Strategic Philanthropy to Field Building

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Tanya Bijlani
      Dasra, a pioneer in the Indian Strategic Philanthropy space founded by a husband and wife team, had grown and evolved with the fast changing philanthropy scene in India. By 2017 it had managed to raise nearly $100 million of new capital for NGOs and Nonprofits in... View Details
      Keywords: Philanthropy; Impact Investing; Corporate Social Responsibility; Social Sector; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Social Entrepreneurship; Strategy; India
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Tanya Bijlani. "Dasra: From Strategic Philanthropy to Field Building." Harvard Business School Case 521-071, March 2021.
      • March 2021 (Revised August 2021)
      • Case

      Nayana Mawilmada: Transforming Urban Development in Sri Lanka

      By: Joshua D. Margolis and Mahima Rao-Kachroo
      In February 2018, Nayana Mawilmada (Nayana), investment head for the Sri Lankan government’s ambitious $40 billion Megapolis project, must weigh an attractive job offer to move from the public sector to the private sector. A massive government project aimed at... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Decision Making; Public Sector; Experience and Expertise; Strategic Planning; Work-Life Balance; Transportation; Risk and Uncertainty; Power and Influence; Personal Development and Career; Transportation Industry; Transportation Industry; Transportation Industry; South Asia; Sri Lanka; Boston; Virginia; United States
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      Margolis, Joshua D., and Mahima Rao-Kachroo. "Nayana Mawilmada: Transforming Urban Development in Sri Lanka." Harvard Business School Case 421-065, March 2021. (Revised August 2021.)
      • February 2021 (Revised July 2024)
      • Case

      White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches

      By: Jill Avery
      By the end of 2019, two brands accounted for 84% of hard seltzer sales, a segment that had recently taken the U.S. beer market by storm, growing from $3 million in 2015 to over $2.7 billion by the start of the summer of 2020. White Claw was the dominant market leader... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Alcoholic Beverages; Beer/brewing Industry; Brand Positioning; Growth; Competitive Positioning; Consumer Products; Beverage Industry; Value Proposition; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Competition; Product Positioning; Competitive Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill. "White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches." Harvard Business School Case 521-073, February 2021. (Revised July 2024.)
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Drizly: Managing Supply and Demand through Disruption

      By: Kris Ferreira
      It was April 6th, 2020, and the management team at Drizly—an online alcohol marketplace where consumers could browse and purchase alcohol from local liquor retail stores via Drizly’s app for immediate home delivery—were thrilled to see record-breaking sales from the... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Demand and Consumers; Growth and Development; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Satisfaction; Goals and Objectives; Supply Chain Management
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      Ferreira, Kris. "Drizly: Managing Supply and Demand through Disruption." Harvard Business School Case 621-097, February 2021.
      • February 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      TikTok in 2020: Super App or Supernova?

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Dan Maher and Dan O'Brien
      TikTok’s parent company, ByteDance, was launched in 2012 around a simple idea – helping users entertain themselves on their smartphones while on the Beijing Subway. In less than a decade, it had become one of the world’s most valuable private companies, with investors... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; Business Organization; Change Management; Disruption; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Health Pandemics; Innovation Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Network Effects; Digital Platforms; Product Design; Product Development; Partners and Partnerships; Opportunities; Social Issues; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Internet and the Web; Value Creation; United States; China
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Dan Maher, and Dan O'Brien. "TikTok in 2020: Super App or Supernova?" Harvard Business School Case 821-087, February 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • February 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      AptDeco: Circular Economy Furniture Marketplace

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Jamie Merkrebs
      AptDeco, a used furniture marketplace, was growing rapidly in the tri-state area. The co-founders were confident that the business model, financial position, and unit economics positioned AptDeco for scaling in the massive $120 billion furniture market, despite its... View Details
      Keywords: E-Commerce Strategy; Mobile; Word-of-Mouth; Word-of-mouth Marketing; Word Of Mouth; Internet Marketing; Growth Strategy; Platform; Platforms; Two Sided Markets; Two-sided Market; Two-sided Marketplace; Two-Sided Markets; Two-sided Network; Black Entrepreneurs; Black Leadership; African Americans; Circular; Peer-to-peer Markets; Furniture Industry; Furniture; Growth Hacking; Monetization Strategy; African-American Protagonist; Growth Management; Marketing Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Marketing Channels; Digital Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Technology Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; North America; New York (city, NY); New York (state, US)
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Jamie Merkrebs. "AptDeco: Circular Economy Furniture Marketplace." Harvard Business School Case 521-069, February 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
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