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    • All HBS Web  (120,094)
      • Faculty Publications  (349)

      Toffel, Michael W.Remove Toffel, Michael W. →

      Page 1 of 349 Results →
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains

      By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Social movement pressures can lead organizations to concede and improve social performance to avoid disruption costs, but we theorize that such responses evoke concession costs that prompt organizations to shift resources and attention from other social domains whose... View Details
      Keywords: Worker Activism; Labor Standards; Tradeoffs; Global Supply Chains; Internal Governance Structure; Public Opinion; Supply Chain; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Working Conditions
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      Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-061, June 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Adam Chen
      Teaching note to support the Calyx Global: Ratinng Carbon Credits case (HBS No. 625-102) View Details
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Adam Chen. "Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 625-103, May 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised June 2025)
      • Supplement

      Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A) and (B) PowerPoint Supplement

      By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel and Susan Pinckney
      Arla implemented a data based price incentive systems to measure, track, and influence climate friendly changes to reduce CO2 emissions across the world’s fourth largest dairy cooperative. View Details
      Keywords: Dairy Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Europe; European Union; United Kingdom; Germany; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Luxembourg; Belgium
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      Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, and Susan Pinckney. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A) and (B) PowerPoint Supplement." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 625-106, April 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Background Note

      Climate Change Adaptation with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Nabig Chaudhry
      Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as powerful tools to address climate change. This note summarizes a wide range of the uses of AI/ML to drive climate change adaptation and resilience, the measures organizations and governments are... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Adaptation
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Nabig Chaudhry. "Climate Change Adaptation with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning." Harvard Business School Background Note 625-050, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) and (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Ken Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 622-024, 625-004, 625-005, and 625-702. The Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) case introduces Allbirds as a footwear startup not only focused on simple design, comfort, and sustainable natural materials but on decarbonizing the wider... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Impact; Environmental Strategy; Innovation; Product Design; Supply Chain Management; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Product Development; Climate Change; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Business Startups; Initial Public Offering; Knowledge Sharing; Competitive Advantage; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; United States; California
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      Toffel, Michael W., Ken Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 625-006, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Supplement

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion PowerPoint Supplement

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Ken Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
      The Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) case introduces Allbirds as a footwear startup not only focused on simple design, comfort, and sustainable natural materials but on decarbonizing the wider fashion industry. Background material highlights the growing... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Impact; Environmental Strategy; Innovation; Product Design; Supply Chain Management; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Product Development; Climate Change; Environmental Management; Environmental Sustainability; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; United States; California
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      Toffel, Michael W., Ken Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion PowerPoint Supplement." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 625-005.
      • April 8, 2025
      • Article

      Creating Workplaces Free of Forever Chemicals

      By: Joseph G. Allen, Heather A. Henrikson and Michael W. Toffel
      Forever chemicals are toxic and widely used in buildings and yet they remain on the rise globally with little regulation to control them. In the United States, for example, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations currently cover only forever chemicals in... View Details
      Keywords: Occupational Health; Safety Regulations; Regulation; Working Conditions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Safety; Health
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      Allen, Joseph G., Heather A. Henrikson, and Michael W. Toffel. "Creating Workplaces Free of Forever Chemicals." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 8, 2025).
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Hurtigruten: Sea Zero

      By: Christian Kaps and Michael W. Toffel
      Hurtigruten was deciding whether the next ship they built should be fully electric. But such a vessel's battery, the size of electric cars, needed to be charged on the ship's multi-day voyage along the Norwegian coast. Before making such a $250 million investment, the... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Sources; Alternative Energy; Ship Transportation; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Management; Green Technology; Investment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Shipping Industry; Tourism Industry; Transportation Industry; Travel Industry; Battery Industry; Norway; Europe
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      Kaps, Christian, and Michael W. Toffel. "Hurtigruten: Sea Zero." Harvard Business School Case 625-100, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Adam Chen
      This case describes how rating agencies and other organizations are seeking to improve the quality of carbon credits sold in the voluntary carbon market to organizations seeking to use them to supplement their internal decarbonization efforts to meet their net zero... View Details
      Keywords: Service Design; Certification; Auditing; Auditor Reputation; Carbon Credits; Carbon; Rating Agency Disagreement; Ratings; Climate Change; Business Model; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Conflict of Interests; Reputation; Business Strategy
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Adam Chen. "Calyx Global: Rating Carbon Credits." Harvard Business School Case 625-102, March 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Supplement

      Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Shane Greenstein and Sadika El Hariri
      Intenseye used its $25 million series A funds to refine and expand its digital safety platform while refining its target markets and ideal customer profile. As the company implemented new approaches to create value for its clients, such as developing an AI-powered... View Details
      Keywords: Safety Performance; Occupational Safety; Innovation; Safety; Operations; Health; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Supply Chain Management; Performance Improvement; Entrepreneurship; Product Development; Customer Relationship Management; Value Creation; Venture Capital; Growth and Development Strategy; Information Technology Industry; United States; Europe; Middle East; Turkey
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      Toffel, Michael W., Shane Greenstein, and Sadika El Hariri. "Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-025, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Tutorial

      Preparing Business Leaders for an Era of Climate Instability: Understanding and Managing Physical Climate Risk

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Spencer Glendon
      In this compelling video, Spencer Glendon, founder of Probable Futures and Executive Fellow at Harvard Business School, describes the profound implications of climate change for businesses, the economy, and societies around the world. Drawing from his background in... View Details
      Keywords: Modeling; Climate Change; Adaptation; Risk and Uncertainty; Risk Management; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Spencer Glendon. Preparing Business Leaders for an Era of Climate Instability: Understanding and Managing Physical Climate Risk. Harvard Business School Tutorial 625-709, February 2025. (Click here for HBP Educators link.)
      • 2025
      • Article

      Educating Students and Professionals on the Business Implications of Climate Change

      By: Michael W. Toffel
      As climate change poses unprecedented challenges and opportunities, the private sector must play a pivotal role in both adaptation and mitigation efforts. This article discusses the new Harvard Business School Online course, Business and Climate Change, designed to... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Impact; Online Courses; Online Education; Decarbonization; Mitigation Policies; Climate Risk; Climate Change; Risk Management; Science; Policy; Business Education; Adaptation
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      Toffel, Michael W. "Educating Students and Professionals on the Business Implications of Climate Change." Global Focus: The EFMD Business Magazine 192, no. 2 (2025): 29–32.
      • January 2025
      • Teaching Note

      New Belgium Brewing and Climate Change

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Kenneth P. Pucker and Michael Norris
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 624-069. View Details
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      Toffel, Michael W., Kenneth P. Pucker, and Michael Norris. "New Belgium Brewing and Climate Change." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 625-089, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Vytal: Packaging-as-a-Service

      By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel and Stacy Straaberg
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 124-007. The Germany-based startup Vytal operated the largest digital-native reusable packaging-as-a-service network globally, having raised nearly €15 million, established a large network of restaurant partners, and prevented the use of... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Invention; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Startups; Resource Allocation; Risk Management; Adoption; Strategy; Performance Productivity; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Supply Chain; Distribution; Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Business Model; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Profit; Financing and Loans; Expansion; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Retail Industry; Germany; Europe
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      Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, and Stacy Straaberg. "Vytal: Packaging-as-a-Service." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 125-003, January 2025.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) and (B) Video Supplement

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Kenneth P. Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
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      Toffel, Michael W., Kenneth P. Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (A) and (B) Video Supplement." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 625-702, November 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Supplement

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Kenneth P. Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
      The Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B) case encourages students to assess Allbirds’ product development and go-to-market strategies now that Allbirds is a publicly listed company. The (B) case provides a 2024 update on Allbirds including its initial public offering,... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Markets; Initial Public Offering; Global Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Distribution; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Going Public; Performance; Diversification; Stocks; Transformation; Fashion Industry; United States; San Francisco; California; Europe; Asia; New Zealand
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      Toffel, Michael W., Kenneth P. Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-004, September 2024.
      • September 20, 2024
      • Article

      It’s Time to Unbundle ESG

      By: Aaron K. Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
      ESG is at an inflection point. It has come to represent a broad and inchoate aspiration for what business should be doing beyond maximizing shareholder value. With ESG advocates on the defensive, business leaders need a new roadmap to determine which factors to... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; ESG Ratings; ESG Reporting; ESG Disclosure; Sustainability; Climate; Climate Finance; Climate Risk; Social Accounting; Investment; Governance; Safety; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Services Industry
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., and Michael W. Toffel. "It’s Time to Unbundle ESG." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 20, 2024).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Empirical Guidance: Data Processing and Analysis with Applications in Stata, R, and Python

      By: Melissa Ouellet and Michael W. Toffel
      This paper describes a range of best practices to compile and analyze datasets, and includes some examples in Stata, R, and Python. It is meant to serve as a reference for those getting started in econometrics, and especially those seeking to conduct data analyses in... View Details
      Keywords: Empirical Methods; Empirical Operations; Statistical Methods And Machine Learning; Statistical Interferences; Research Analysts; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods
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      Ouellet, Melissa, and Michael W. Toffel. "Empirical Guidance: Data Processing and Analysis with Applications in Stata, R, and Python." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-010, August 2024.
      • August 2024
      • Background Note

      Mitigating Climate Change with Machine Learning

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Kelsey Carter, Amy Chambers, Avery Park and Susan Pinckney
      This note highlights how machine learning is being used to decarbonize (reduce GHG emissions) several key sectors including electricity, transportation, building, industrial processes, and agriculture -- and how machine learning is being used to accelerate efforts to... View Details
      Keywords: Climate; Artificial Intelligence; Adaptation; Climate Change; AI and Machine Learning; Innovation and Invention
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      Toffel, Michael W., Kelsey Carter, Amy Chambers, Avery Park, and Susan Pinckney. "Mitigating Climate Change with Machine Learning." Harvard Business School Background Note 625-014, August 2024.
      • July 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Background Note

      District Heating: An Overview

      By: Willy Shih and Michael W. Toffel
      This note provides an overview of district heating: systems in which central plants generate heat that is conveyed by steam or water through a set of insulated pipes to send heat to residential and/or commercial buildings. It describes key elements of the system (heat... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Energy Efficiency; Energy Storage; Energy Transmission; Construction; Energy; Buildings and Facilities; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Climate Change; Operations; Energy Industry; Denmark; Europe; United States
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      Shih, Willy, and Michael W. Toffel. "District Heating: An Overview." Harvard Business School Background Note 625-008, July 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
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