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- 26 Sep 2017
- Working Paper Summaries
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism
Keywords: by Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
- 29 Nov 2017
- Research & Ideas
How to Succeed in Business (According to a 15th Century Trade Merchant)
issue of responsibility to the community and who you are as a person.” Written in 1458 in Italy by trade merchant Benedetto Cotrugli, The Book of the Art of Trade recently received its first English... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna
- Research Summary
The Origins, Current State, and Future of Capitalism
Starting with the dawn of market capitalism in Renaissance Italy, Professor Reinert works at the intersection of economic ideas, policies, and practices in history, particularly as seen through the lens of national strategies in international competition. He seeks to... View Details
- 07 Nov 2011
- Research & Ideas
The Forgotten Book that Helped Shape the Modern Economy
book, Translating Empire: Emulation and the Origins of Political Economy, Harvard Business School historian Sophus A. Reinert unearths John... View Details
Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
- Book Review
In margine a un bilancio sui lumi europei." A review of The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples, 1680–1760, by John Robertson
Reinert, Sophus A. In margine a un bilancio sui lumi europei." A review of The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples, 1680–1760, by John Robertson." Rivista storica italiana 118 (2006): 975–986.
- 2018
- Introduction
Introduction: History and Political Economy
By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
This volume offers a snapshot of the resurgent historiography of political economy in the wake of the ongoing global financial crisis, and suggests fruitful new agendas for research on the political-economic nexus as it has developed in the Western world since the end... View Details
Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Introduction: History and Political Economy." Introduction to New Perspectives on the History of Political Economy, edited by Robert Fredona and Sophus A. Reinert, 11–32. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
- 2019
- Chapter
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism
By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
N.S.B. Gras, the father of business history in the United States, argued that the era of mercantile capitalism was defined by the figure of the “sedentary merchant,” who managed his business from home, using correspondence and intermediaries, in contrast to the earlier... View Details
Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism." Chap. 11 in The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business, edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Christina Lubinski, and Heidi J.S. Tworek. New York: Routledge, 2019.
- 2017
- Working Paper
Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism
By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
N.S.B. Gras, the father of Business History in the United States, argued that the era of mercantile capitalism was defined by the figure of the “sedentary merchant,” who managed his business from home, using correspondence and intermediaries, in contrast to the earlier... View Details
Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Merchants and the Origins of Capitalism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-021, September 2017. (Forthcoming in Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business. Edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Christina Lubinski, Heidi Tworek (2018).)
- 10 Oct 2017
- First Look
First Look at New Research and Ideas, October 10, 2017
forthcoming New York: Palgrave Macmillan New Perspectives on the History of Political Economy By: Fredona, Robert, and Sophus A. Reinert, eds. Abstract—This volume offers a... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- Spring 2020
- Article
Italy and the Origins of Capitalism
By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Italy and the Origins of Capitalism." Business History Review 94 (Spring 2020): 5–38.
- 2022
- Article
Before Plagiarism: Lawyers and Copynorms in Europe, 1300–1600
By: Robert Fredona and Sophus A. Reinert
This essay uses the concept of 'copynorms', social norms about copying expressive works that can be distinct from legal norms about the same, in order to understand the meaning of intellectual property among Roman law and canon law jurists from the fourteenth through... View Details
- Spring 2020
- Article
Political Economy and the Medici
By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Political Economy and the Medici." Business History Review 94 (Spring 2020): 125–177.
- 13 Feb 2018
- First Look
New Research and Ideas, February 13, 2018
Jealousy of Trade and the History of Political Thought By: Kapossy, Béla, Isaac Nakhimovsky, Sophus A. Reinert, and Richard Whatmore, eds.... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- April 2015 (Revised October 2019)
- Case
The Great Divergence: Europe and Modern Economic Growth
The continent of Europe seemed in the spring of 2015 to be in a weaker position relative to other world regions than it had in centuries. Though comparatively small, it had long played a disproportionate role in world history, to the extent that the modern world system... View Details
Keywords: The Great Divergence; Modern Economic Growth; Empire; Disruption; Economic Growth; Values and Beliefs; History; Globalization; Europe
Reinert, Sophus A. "The Great Divergence: Europe and Modern Economic Growth." Harvard Business School Case 715-039, April 2015. (Revised October 2019.)
- 2016
- Book
Antonio Serra and the Economics of Good Government
By: Rosario Patalano and Sophus A. Reinert
Little is known of Antonio Serra except that he wrote his extraordinary 1613 Short Treatise on the Causes That Make Kingdoms Abound in Gold and Silver even in the Absence of Mines in a Neapolitan jail and that he died there soon afterwards. However, the... View Details
Patalano, Rosario and Sophus A. Reinert, eds. Antonio Serra and the Economics of Good Government. Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
- 12 Jun 2018
- First Look
New Research and Ideas, June 12, 2018
forthcoming Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press The Academy of Fisticuffs: Political Economy and Commercial Society in Enlightenment Italy By: Reinert, Sophus A.... View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
- 2016
- Working Paper
Mapping the Economic Grand Tour: Travel and International Emulation in Enlightenment Europe
As the itinerant wizard (technically one of the Maiar, if not the Istari) Gandalf wrote to the then domestically-inclined hobbit Frodo Baggins in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, “Not all those who wander are lost.” Indeed, as the recent brouhaha over the... View Details
Reinert, Sophus A. "Mapping the Economic Grand Tour: Travel and International Emulation in Enlightenment Europe." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-005, July 2016.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Caccia Selvaggia: Myth, Rites, and the Right in Carlo Ginzburg's Storia notturna
By: Robert Fredona and Sophus A. Reinert
Carlo Ginzburg (b. 1939) is widely considered one of Europe’s leading historians. His masterpiece Storia notturna (Turin: Einaudi, 1989), widely praised for its extraordinary erudition and creativity, is now over three decades old but it continues to inspire... View Details
Fredona, Robert, and Sophus A. Reinert. "Caccia Selvaggia: Myth, Rites, and the Right in Carlo Ginzburg's Storia notturna." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-041, December 2021.
- 26 Sep 2017
- First Look
First Look at New Research and Ideas, September 26, 2017
and a fast-growing market. There was a growing need to incorporate local relevance into global products and to respond to local competitors. Download working paper:... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- September 2024 (Revised March 2025)
- Case
Burn the Gondolas? Venice, the Ghetto, and the Seasons of Capitalism
By: Sophus A. Reinert, Charlotte Robertson and Robert Fredona
This case uses the history of Venice—from the driving of the first pylons in the lagoon to the abdication of the city’s last doge, across the ages of Marco Polo and Vivaldi—to explore the invention and global diffusion of capitalism, as well as the cyclical rise and... View Details
Reinert, Sophus A., Charlotte Robertson, and Robert Fredona. "Burn the Gondolas? Venice, the Ghetto, and the Seasons of Capitalism." Harvard Business School Case 725-006, September 2024. (Revised March 2025.)