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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (62)
      • Faculty Publications  (28)

      by Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun Remove by Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun →

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Management and Firm Dynamism

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh and John Van Reenen
      We show better-managed firms are more dynamic in plant acquisitions, disposals, openings and closings in U.S. Census and international data. Better-managed firms also birth better-managed plants, and improve the performance of the plants they acquire. To explain these... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competition; Business or Company Management; Performance Productivity
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh, and John Van Reenen. "Management and Firm Dynamism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-052, April 2025.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Remote Work across Jobs, Companies, and Space

      By: Stephen Hansen, Peter John Lambert, Nick Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Raffaella Sadun and Bledi Taska
      The pandemic catalyzed an enduring shift to remote work. To measure and characterize this shift, we examine more than 250 million job vacancy postings across five English-speaking countries. Our measurements rely on a state-of-the-art language-processing framework... View Details
      Keywords: Remote Work; Hybrid Work; Work From Home (WFH); Pandemic; Labor Market; Job Search; Job Design and Levels; Trends
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      Hansen, Stephen, Peter John Lambert, Nick Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Raffaella Sadun, and Bledi Taska. "Remote Work across Jobs, Companies, and Space." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31007, March 2023. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-059, March 2023.)
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times

      By: Philippe Aghion, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      What is the optimal form of firm organization during “bad times”? We present a model of delegation within the firm to show that the effect is ambiguous. The greater turbulence following macro shocks may benefit decentralized firms because the value of local information... View Details
      Keywords: Decentralization; Growth; Turbulence; Great Recession; Organizational Design; System Shocks; Economic Growth; Performance
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      Aghion, Philippe, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 133–169.
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We investigate the link between hospital performance and managerial education by collecting a large database of management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities offering both medical education... View Details
      Keywords: Management; Hospitals; Mortality; Education; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Improvement; Business Education; Management Practices and Processes
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 3 (July 2020): 506–517.
      • September 26, 2018
      • Article

      Ownership and Power Structure: Together at Last

      By: Laura Alfaro, Nicholas Bloom, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger, Patrick Legros, Andrew Newman, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      Economists have largely ignored the deep interdependency between integration and delegation. This column describes a new theory of integration and delegation choices aimed at shedding light on how these distinct elements of organizational design interact. Contrary to... View Details
      Keywords: Power; Organisational Design; Economics; Ownership; Organizational Design
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      Alfaro, Laura, Nicholas Bloom, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger, Patrick Legros, Andrew Newman, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Ownership and Power Structure: Together at Last." Vox, CEPR Policy Portal (September 26, 2018).
      • April 10, 2017
      • Article

      The Different Approaches Firms Use to Set Strategy

      By: Kimberly Teti, Mu-Jeung Yang, Nicholas Bloom, Jan Rivkin and Raffaella Sadun
      Many senior executives struggle to describe how they make strategic decisions. That’s a serious problem since the process for making strategic decisions can shape the strategy itself. To understand better how companies really make strategic choices, we interviewed 92... View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Planning; Decision Making
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      Teti, Kimberly, Mu-Jeung Yang, Nicholas Bloom, Jan Rivkin, and Raffaella Sadun. "The Different Approaches Firms Use to Set Strategy." Harvard Business Review (website) (April 10, 2017).
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Management as a Technology?

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      Are some management practices akin to a technology that can explain firm and national productivity, or do they simply reflect contingent management styles? We collect data on core management practices from over 11,000 firms in 34 countries. We find large cross-country... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices; Productivity; Competition; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management as a Technology?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-133, June 2016. (Revised October 2017.)
      • August 2015
      • Article

      Hospital Board and Management Practices Are Strongly Related to Hospital Performance on Clinical Quality Metrics

      By: Thomas C Tsai, Ashish K. Jha, Atul A. Gawande, Robert S. Huckman, Nicholas Bloom and Raffaella Sadun
      National policies to improve health care quality have largely focused on clinical provider outcomes and, more recently, payment reform. Yet the association between hospital leadership and quality, although crucial to driving quality improvement, has not been explored... View Details
      Keywords: Hospitals; Quality; Governing and Advisory Boards; Management Practices and Processes; Service Delivery; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
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      Tsai, Thomas C., Ashish K. Jha, Atul A. Gawande, Robert S. Huckman, Nicholas Bloom, and Raffaella Sadun. "Hospital Board and Management Practices Are Strongly Related to Hospital Performance on Clinical Quality Metrics." Health Affairs 34, no. 8 (August 2015): 1304–1311.
      • Article

      Do Private Equity Firms Have Better Management Practices?

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      Using an innovative survey measure of management practices on over 15,000 firms, we find private equity firms are better managed than government, family, and privately owned firms, and have similar management to publicly listed firms. This is true both in developed and... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Management Practices and Processes
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Do Private Equity Firms Have Better Management Practices?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015): 442–446.
      • Article

      Does Management Matter in Schools?

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We collect data on operations, targets and human resources management practices in over 1,800 schools educating 15-year-olds in eight countries. Overall, we show that higher management quality is strongly associated with better educational outcomes. The UK, Sweden,... View Details
      Keywords: Management; Education; Business Strategy; Education Industry; Germany; Sweden; India; Canada; Italy; Brazil; United Kingdom; United States
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Does Management Matter in Schools?" Economic Journal 125, no. 584 (May 2015): 647–674.
      • December 2014
      • Article

      The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Luis Garicano, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      Empirical studies on information communication technologies (ICT) typically aggregate the "information" and "communication" components together. We show theoretically and empirically that this is problematic. Information and communication technologies have very... View Details
      Keywords: Communication Technology; Information Technology; Organizational Structure
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Luis Garicano, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization." Management Science 60, no. 12 (December 2014): 2859–2885.
      • August 2014
      • Article

      The New Empirical Economics of Management

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur and John Van Reenen
      Over the last decade the World Management Survey (WMS) has collected firm-level management practices data across multiple sectors and countries. We developed the survey to try to explain the large and persistent TFP differences across firms and countries. This review... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Microeconomics
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur, and John Van Reenen. "The New Empirical Economics of Management." Journal of the European Economic Association 12, no. 4 (August 2014): 835–876.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      The New Empirical Economics of Management

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur and John Van Reenen
      Over the last decade the World Management Survey (WMS) has collected firm-level management practices data across multiple sectors and countries. We developed the survey to try to explain the large and persistent TFP differences across firms and countries. This review... View Details
      Keywords: Management; Organization; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Microeconomics
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur, and John Van Reenen. "The New Empirical Economics of Management." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-111, April 2014. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 20102, April 2014.)
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      The New Empirical Economics of Management

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur and John Van Reenen
      Over the last decade the World Management Survey (WMS) has collected firm-level management practices data across multiple sectors and countries. We developed the survey to try to explain the large and persistent TFP differences across firms and countries. This review... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Performance Productivity; Microeconomics
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, Daniela Scur, and John Van Reenen. "The New Empirical Economics of Management." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 20102, April 2014.
      • November 2012
      • Article

      Does Management Really Work?

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      HBR's 90th anniversary is a sensible time to revisit a basic question: Are organizations more likely to succeed if they adopt good management practices? The answer may seem obvious to most HBR readers, but these three economists cast their net much wider than that. In... View Details
      Keywords: Best Practices; Consulting Firms; Corporations; Cost Control; Employee Training; Executive Ability (Management); Executives—training Of; Hospitals—administration; Industrial Management—research; Productivity Incentives; School Management Teams; Work Environment; Management; Research
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Does Management Really Work?" Harvard Business Review 90, no. 11 (November 2012).
      • November 2012
      • Article

      The Organization of Firms Across Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
      Keywords: Decentralization; Social Capital; Theory Of The Firm; Firm Objectives, Organization, And Behavior; Business Economics; Management Of Technological Innovation And R&D; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Diffusion Processes; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Technology Adoption; Multinational Firms and Management
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, no. 4 (November 2012). (Slides from 2008, Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011.)
      • February 2012
      • Article

      Americans Do IT Better: US Multinationals and the Productivity Miracle

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      US productivity growth accelerated after 1995 (unlike Europe's), particularly in sectors that intensively use information technologies (IT). Using two new micro panel datasets we show that US multinationals operating in Europe also experienced a "productivity miracle."... View Details
      Keywords: IT Productivity; American IT Productivity; Information Technology; Performance Productivity; Multinational Firms and Management; Management Practices and Processes; United States; Europe
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Americans Do IT Better: US Multinationals and the Productivity Miracle." American Economic Review 102, no. 1 (February 2012): 167–201. (Slides; Summary; The Economist; Financial Times; New York Times.)
      • February 2012
      • Article

      Management Practices across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing American, Japanese, and German firms are the best... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Competency and Skills; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizations; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Sectors; Performance; Business and Shareholder Relations; Private Equity; Multinational Firms and Management; United States; Germany; Japan; China; India
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices across Firms and Countries." Academy of Management Perspectives 26, no. 1 (February 2012): 12–33.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Management Practices Across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing, American, Japanese, and German firms are the best... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Business Ventures; Public Sector; Private Sector; Country; Performance; Motivation and Incentives
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices Across Firms and Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-052, December 2011.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      The Organization of Firms Across Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Asia; Europe; United States
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011. (Slides from 2008.)
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