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    • All HBS Web  (124)
      • Faculty Publications  (26)

      by Ashley Whillans and 28 coauthorsRemove by Ashley Whillans and 28 coauthors →

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      • June 4, 2025
      • Editorial

      Employee Stress Is a Business Risk—Not an HR Problem

      By: Marion Chomse, Lydia Roos, Reeva Misra and Ashley Whillans
      Workplace stress, on the rise for decades, has been treated by many organizations as a personal issue instead of a business-critical risk that merits executive oversight. This is likely due in part to the fact that companies have not effectively quantified and tracked... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Well-being; Risk Management; Competitive Advantage
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      Chomse, Marion, Lydia Roos, Reeva Misra, and Ashley Whillans. "Employee Stress Is a Business Risk—Not an HR Problem." Harvard Business Review (website) (June 4, 2025).
      • March 2025 (Revised June 2025)
      • Case

      Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian's Distributed Work Practices

      By: Ashley Whillans and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa
      In early 2020, the software company Atlassian made a bold commitment: employees could work from anywhere—forever. While many tech peers reversed course on remote work, Atlassian worked to optimize their fully distributed model across 13 countries. This case follows... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Working Conditions; Management Practices and Processes; Product Development; Organizational Culture; Business Strategy; Employees; Technology Industry
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa. "Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian's Distributed Work Practices." Harvard Business School Case 925-029, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment

      By: Ashley Whillans and Nico Schaefer
      This case explores ING Türkiye’s journey toward workplace flexibility within the traditionally conservative Turkish banking sector. Beginning with early remote work experiments in 2015 and culminating in the FlexING model, by 2024 ING Türkiye had positioned itself as a... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Working Conditions; Business or Company Management; Adaptation; Competition; Organizational Culture; Banking Industry; Turkey
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Nico Schaefer. "ING Türkiye: Flexible Work in a Competitive Banking Environment." Harvard Business School Case 925-027, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Article

      Overcoming Barriers to Employee Ownership: Insights from Small and Medium-Sized Businesses

      By: John Guzek and Ashley Whillans
      This research investigates the limited adoption of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) among small-to-medium sized businesses (SMBs) in the U.S. Through interviews with 30 SMB owners across various industries, we identify the key barriers to ESOP adoption as lack of... View Details
      Keywords: Profit Sharing; Employee Ownership; Management Practices and Processes; Compensation and Benefits; Small Business; Adoption; Employees
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      Guzek, John, and Ashley Whillans. "Overcoming Barriers to Employee Ownership: Insights from Small and Medium-Sized Businesses." Compensation & Benefits Review 57, no. 1 (January 2025): 64–81.
      • October 18, 2024
      • Article

      Why Workplace Well-Being Programs Don’t Achieve Better Outcomes

      By: Jazz Croft, Acacia Parks and Ashley Whillans
      By 2026, global corporate spending on wellness programs is set to top $94.6 billion, yet anticipated improvements in well-being are not being realized, and, in fact, mental health needs are continuing to rise around the world. Drawing on a large body of recent... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Employees; Well-being
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      Croft, Jazz, Acacia Parks, and Ashley Whillans. "Why Workplace Well-Being Programs Don’t Achieve Better Outcomes." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (October 18, 2024).
      • September 2024
      • Article

      The Human Side of the Future of Work: Understanding the Role People Play in Shaping a Changing World

      By: Jochen I. Menges, Lauren C. Howe, Erika Hall, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Sharon K. Parker, Riki Takeuchi, Abhijeet K. Vadera, Ashley Whillans and Susan K. Cohen
      For as long as there has been work, there has been a “future of work,” through humans’ ingenuity and drive to get things done easier, faster, and better. With the industrial revolution, efforts to shape a better future of work were dominated by improvements in... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Labor
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      Menges, Jochen I., Lauren C. Howe, Erika Hall, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Sharon K. Parker, Riki Takeuchi, Abhijeet K. Vadera, Ashley Whillans, and Susan K. Cohen. "The Human Side of the Future of Work: Understanding the Role People Play in Shaping a Changing World." Academy of Management Discoveries 10, no. 3 (September 2024): 307–318.
      • October 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      ghSMART & Co: Building and Scaling a Time Smart Firm

      By: Ashley Whillans and Sara Coronel Rodriguez
      "For ghSMART, freedom is the first principle from which all good things flow”—Geoff Smart, Chairman and Founder, ghSMART. ghSMART was a leadership advisory firm that was grounded in the principle of freedom. Talented Consultants and Partners could work remotely from... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Consulting Firms; Time Management; Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Organizational Culture; Going Public; Partners and Partnerships; Expansion; Reputation
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Sara Coronel Rodriguez. "ghSMART & Co: Building and Scaling a Time Smart Firm." Harvard Business School Case 924-009, October 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Satisfaction of Workers in Low-Wage Jobs

      By: Elizabeth R. Johnson and Ashley V. Whillans
      How did job satisfaction change during the pandemic for workers in low-wage jobs, and how did workers’ experiences compare to those in professional jobs? Using nationally representative survey data, we show that the pandemic increased the dissatisfaction of workers in... View Details
      Keywords: Low-Wage Jobs; COVID-19 Pandemic; Pay; Job Satisfaction; Income Inequality; Stereotypes; Satisfaction; Compensation and Benefits; Working Conditions
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      Johnson, Elizabeth R., and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Satisfaction of Workers in Low-Wage Jobs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-001, July 2022.
      • July 2022
      • Article

      The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality

      By: Antonya Marie Gonzalez, Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
      Attributions, or lay explanations for inequality, have been linked to inequality-relevant behavior. In adults and children, attributing inequality to an individual rather than contextual or structural causes is linked to greater support for economic inequality and less... View Details
      Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Behavior; Perception
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      Gonzalez, Antonya Marie, Lucia Macchia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality." Art. 104329. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 101 (July 2022).
      • March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      France Télécom (A), (B), and (C)

      By: Ashley Whillans
      This case series discusses the evolution of France Télécom (now Orange) from a national telephone monopoly to a private company. During this process, the company faced numerous challenges including the entry of new competition from other countries and a workforce that... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Compensation and Benefits; Employee Relationship Management; Business Organization; Well-being; Communications Industry; Telecommunications Industry; France
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      Whillans, Ashley. "France Télécom (A), (B), and (C)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 722-438, March 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • January 2022 (Revised November 2023)
      • Case

      Expanding the Culture of Learning at Kraft Heinz

      By: Ashley V. Whillans and Carolyn Watson
      The Kraft Heinz Company (KHC) was an American food company formed in 2015 by the merger of Kraft Foods Group, Inc and the H.J. Heinz Company. The company sold food products like Heinz Ketchup, Kraft Mac & Cheese, Kool-Aid, and Philadelphia cream cheese to supermarkets,... View Details
      Keywords: Learning; Culture; Work Culture; Workplace Practices; Mergers; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competitive Advantage; Human Capital; Training; Performance Evaluation; Growth and Development; Personal Development and Career; Employee Relationship Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Whillans, Ashley V., and Carolyn Watson. "Expanding the Culture of Learning at Kraft Heinz." Harvard Business School Case 922-036, January 2022. (Revised November 2023.)
      • January 10, 2022
      • Article

      The Link Between Income, Income Inequality, and Prosocial Behavior Around the World: A Multiverse Approach

      By: Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
      The questions of whether high-income individuals are more prosocial than low-income individuals and whether income inequality moderates this effect have received extensive attention. We shed new light on this topic by analyzing a large-scale dataset with a... View Details
      Keywords: Prosocial Behavior; Income Inequality; Behavior; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Income
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      Macchia, Lucia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Link Between Income, Income Inequality, and Prosocial Behavior Around the World: A Multiverse Approach." Social Psychology (January 10, 2022): 375–386.
      • November 2021
      • Article

      The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?

      By: Ayse Yemiscigil, Nattavudh Powdthavee and Ashley V. Whillans
      Does retirement lead to an existential crisis or present an opportunity to experience a renewed sense of purpose in life? Prior research has documented a negative association between retirement and sense of purpose in life, suggesting that retirement could lead people... View Details
      Keywords: Aging; Meaning; Socioeconomic Status; Life Experiences; Retirement; Well-being
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      Yemiscigil, Ayse, Nattavudh Powdthavee, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?" Psychological Science 32, no. 11 (November 2021): 1856–1864.
      • October 13, 2021
      • Editorial

      How Companies Can Improve Employee Engagement Right Now

      By: Daniel Stein, Nick Hobson, Jon M. Jachimowicz and Ashley Whillans
      A year and a half into the pandemic, employees’ mental “surge capacity” is likely diminished. Managers must take proactive steps to increase employee engagement, or risk losing their workforce. Engaged employees perform better, experience less burnout, and stay in... View Details
      Keywords: Employee Retention; Employee Engagement; Employee Relationship Management; Work-Life Balance
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      Stein, Daniel, Nick Hobson, Jon M. Jachimowicz, and Ashley Whillans. "How Companies Can Improve Employee Engagement Right Now." Harvard Business Review (website) (October 13, 2021).
      • October 2021
      • Article

      Communicating Resource Scarcity and Interpersonal Connection

      By: Grant E. Donnelly, Anne V. Wilson, Ashley V. Whillans and Michael I. Norton
      Consumers often cite insufficient time or money as an excuse for rejecting social invitations. We explore the effectiveness of these excuses in preserving interpersonal relationships. Six studies—including perceptions of couples planning their wedding—demonstrate that... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Interpersonal Relationships; Communication; Money; Relationships; Interpersonal Communication
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      Donnelly, Grant E., Anne V. Wilson, Ashley V. Whillans, and Michael I. Norton. "Communicating Resource Scarcity and Interpersonal Connection." Journal of Consumer Psychology 31, no. 4 (October 2021): 726–745.
      • Article

      A Multicountry Perspective on Gender Differences in Time Use During COVID-19

      By: Laura M. Giurge, Ashley V. Whillans and Ayse Yemiscigil (shared authorship)
      The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered how people spend time, with possible consequences for subjective well-being. Using diverse samples of remote workers from the United States, Canada, Denmark, Brazil, and Spain (n = 31,141), following a preregistered... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Subjective Well-being; COVID-19; Health Pandemics; Gender; Time Management; Well-being; Work-Life Balance; Global Range
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      Giurge, Laura M., Ashley V. Whillans, and Ayse Yemiscigil (shared authorship). "A Multicountry Perspective on Gender Differences in Time Use During COVID-19." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (March 23, 2021).
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Maritz Automotive

      By: Ashley V. Whillans and Lamar Pierce
      This case focuses on Charlotte Blank, the Chief Behavioral Officer at Maritz, as she tries to assist a major automotive manufacturer (CarCo) with increasing their sales by prepaying monthly bonuses to independently franchised car dealers and clawing them back if the... View Details
      Keywords: Loss-framing; Sales; Performance Improvement; Compensation and Benefits; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Theory; Auto Industry
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      Whillans, Ashley V., and Lamar Pierce. "Maritz Automotive." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 921-044, January 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      Ureed.com: The Marketplace for Language

      By: Ashley V. Whillans
      This case explores the growth of Ureed, an online marketplace for translation services that is powered by a workforce consisting of remote freelancers who are based in the United Arab Emirates. Nour Al Hassan, the founder and CEO faced the challenge of how best to... View Details
      Keywords: Language Translation; Freelancers; Remote Work; Entrepreneurship; Human Resources; Management; Motivation and Incentives; Job Design and Levels
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      Whillans, Ashley V. "Ureed.com: The Marketplace for Language." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 921-028, January 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      The What Works Centre: Using Behavioral Science to Improve Social Worker Well-being (A) and (B)

      By: Ashley V. Whillans
      This case describes the experiences of Michael Sanders—the Chief Executive of the What Works Center for Children’s Social Care—as he led the design and implementation of a program of research aimed at improving the social care system in the United Kingdom (UK) at the... View Details
      Keywords: Non-cash Compensation; Behavioral Science; Employees; Well-being; Compensation and Benefits; United Kingdom
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      Whillans, Ashley V. "The What Works Centre: Using Behavioral Science to Improve Social Worker Well-being (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 921-021, January 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • December 2020 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      These cases explore the impacts of industry shocks, resulting corporate actions that had a devastating impact on employees, and the legal conviction of corporate leaders for “institutional harassment."

      This case series follows the evolution of France... View Details
      Keywords: Health & Wellness; Human Resource Management; Strategic Change; Leadership & Corporate Accountability; Leadership And Change Management; Leadership And Managing People; Change; Restructuring; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; Labor; Labor and Management Relations; Labor Unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems and Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Organizational Culture; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European Union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring." Harvard Business School Case 721-420, December 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
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