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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (5,125)
      • Faculty Publications  (849)

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      • August 2025
      • Article

      Revenue Collapses and the Consumption of Small Business Owners in the COVID-19 Pandemic

      By: Olivia S. Kim, Jonathan A. Parker and Antoinette Schoar
      Using financial account data linking small businesses to their owner households, we examine how business owners’ consumption responded to changes in business revenues during the COVID-19 crisis. In the first two months following the National Emergency, business... View Details
      Keywords: Revenue; Small Business; Health Pandemics; Spending; Consumer Behavior
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      Kim, Olivia S., Jonathan A. Parker, and Antoinette Schoar. "Revenue Collapses and the Consumption of Small Business Owners in the COVID-19 Pandemic." Art. 104079. Journal of Financial Economics 170 (August 2025).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science

      By: Fabio Bertolotti, Kyle R. Myers and Wei Yang Tham
      We develop a method to estimate producers’ productivity beliefs in settings where output quantities and input prices are unobservable, and we use it to evaluate allocative efficiency in the market for science. Our model of researchers’ labor supply shows that their... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Productivity; Perception; Research
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      Bertolotti, Fabio, Kyle R. Myers, and Wei Yang Tham. "Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-063, June 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      AI Wars in 2025

      By: Andy Wu and Anna Yang
      In June 2025, Google leaders in Mountain View, CA convened after its parent company Alphabet shed a quarter-trillion in market capitalization in a matter of months. The immediate spark—the quiet revelation that Google searches had dipped for the first time in 20... View Details
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      Wu, Andy, and Anna Yang. "AI Wars in 2025." Harvard Business School Case 725-484, June 2025.
      • Summer 2025
      • Article

      Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships

      By: Cristian Chica, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas and Jorge Tamayo
      A competitive two-period membership (subscription) market is analyzed. Two symmetric firms charge a “membership” fee that allows consumers to buy products or services at a given unit price for both periods. Firms can choose between long- or short-term memberships. When... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Price Discrimination; Membership; Dynamic Competition; Competition; Price; Consumer Behavior; Business Model
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      Chica, Cristian, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas, and Jorge Tamayo. "Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 34, no. 2 (Summer 2025): 525–556.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Pushing the Envelope: The Effects of Salary Negotiations

      By: Zoë B. Cullen, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      Salary negotiations are a widespread phenomenon that can shape key labor market outcomes, such as welfare and inequality. We provide novel empirical and theoretical insights into the causes and consequences of salary negotiations. We conducted two field experiments... View Details
      Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Negotiation; Policy; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Welfare
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      Cullen, Zoë B., Bobak Pakzad-Hurson, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "Pushing the Envelope: The Effects of Salary Negotiations." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33903, June 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Supplement

      On (B): The Cyclon Spins On

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader and Karen Elterman
      A follow-up to the On case (723-430), this short case explores how the performance athletic shoe company On expanded its Cyclon subscription and recycling program through 2024, adding two new shoe models to the subscription and a one-time-purchase recyclable T-shirt. View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Distribution Channels; Environmental Sustainability; Marketing Strategy; Product Design; Product Development; Technological Innovation; Expansion; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Sports Industry; China; Europe; Germany; Japan; Switzerland; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader, and Karen Elterman. "On (B): The Cyclon Spins On." Harvard Business School Supplement 725-475, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Management and Firm Dynamism

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh and John Van Reenen
      We show better-managed firms are more dynamic in plant acquisitions, disposals, openings and closings in U.S. Census and international data. Better-managed firms also birth better-managed plants, and improve the performance of the plants they acquire. To explain these... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices; Productivity; Management Practices and Processes; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competition; Business or Company Management; Performance Productivity
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Jonathan S. Hartley, Raffaella Sadun, Rachel Schuh, and John Van Reenen. "Management and Firm Dynamism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-052, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Allison Ciechanover and George Gonzalez
      In early 2025, Salesforce was a global leader in cloud-based enterprise software, best known for pioneering customer relationship management (CRM) delivered as a service. Over the past two decades, the company had expanded into marketing, customer service, analytics,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Customer Relationship Management; Price; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Sales; Business Strategy; Ethics; Product Launch; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Allison Ciechanover, and George Gonzalez. "Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce." Harvard Business School Case 125-096, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      The Fed and the Secular Decline in Interest Rates

      By: Sebastian Hillenbrand
      In this paper I document a striking fact: a narrow window around Fed meetings fully captures the secular decline in U.S. Treasury yields since 1980. By contrast, yield movements outside this window are transitory and wash out over time. This is surprising because the... View Details
      Keywords: United States Treasury; Monetary Policy; Yield Curve; Bonds; Financial Markets; Government Administration; Valuation; Interest Rates; United States
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      Hillenbrand, Sebastian. "The Fed and the Secular Decline in Interest Rates." Review of Financial Studies 38, no. 4 (April 2025): 981–1013. (Editor's Choice.)
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Mobvoi's Path Through Market Challenges and Business Reinvention

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Shu Lin
      Founded in 2012, Mobvoi evolved through multiple transformations—from AI-driven voice technology to smart wearables and later AI-generated content. Backed by major investors, the company navigated shifts in strategy while facing two failed IPO attempts. As market... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; AI and Machine Learning; Transformation; Initial Public Offering; Business Strategy; Technology Industry; China
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Shu Lin. "Mobvoi's Path Through Market Challenges and Business Reinvention." Harvard Business School Case 825-158, March 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Influencer-Led Brand Building: Hairitage and the McKnights

      By: William R. Kerr and James Palano
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 825-066. Mindy McKnight started in 2009 as an early influencer on social media whose videos of creative hairstyles for girls launched her family on an entrepreneurship journey. The McKnights transitioned from YouTube ad revenue to brand... View Details
      Keywords: Family Business; Social Media; Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Product Launch; Power and Influence; Expansion; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry
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      Kerr, William R., and James Palano. "Influencer-Led Brand Building: Hairitage and the McKnights." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 825-125, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      New Product Diffusion Within Retailers: The Effect of Managerial Quality on Rollout

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Jorge Tamayo
      Retailers are key intermediaries through which consumers encounter innovation in the form of new products. How are these products rolled out within retailers? We observe significant variation in the availability of new products across stores in a large retail chain in... View Details
      Keywords: Managerial Quality; Firm Performance; Diffusion Of Innovation; New Product Rollout; Retailing; Distribution Channels; Product Launch; Management Skills; Retail Industry; Colombia
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Jorge Tamayo. "New Product Diffusion Within Retailers: The Effect of Managerial Quality on Rollout." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-041, February 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      Arsenal Capital Partners’ portfolio company, Pinnacle, a leading producer of high-performance adhesive technologies, has experienced rapid growth under Arsenal’s ownership. Over just two years, Pinnacle's EBITDA increased from $13.5 million to $60 million. By mid-2021,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Decision Choices and Conditions; Private Equity; Financing and Loans; Growth Management
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle." Harvard Business School Case 225-075, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Elie Ofek and Orna Dan
      Intuition Robotics, a startup that makes an AI companion robot to alleviate older adults’ loneliness, debates whether to pursue a B2C model or B2G route. If it opts for the government vertical, it must determine how to negotiate a favorable deal. Two weeks after... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Product Launch; Market Entry and Exit; Negotiation Offer; Business and Government Relations; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Elie Ofek, and Orna Dan. "Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults." Harvard Business School Case 925-018, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Creating Value by Splitting Aster: Can One Minus One Equal Two?

      By: V.G. Narayanan and Kairavi Dey
      Aster DM Healthcare (Aster), founded by Dr. Azad Moopen in 1987, is a prominent healthcare conglomerate with operations spanning hospitals, clinics, retail pharmacies, and diagnostic centers across India and the GCC. After its 2018 listing on India’s National Stock... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Leadership; Change Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Restructuring; Negotiation; Valuation; Health Industry; Asia; India; Middle East; United Arab Emirates
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      Narayanan, V.G., and Kairavi Dey. "Creating Value by Splitting Aster: Can One Minus One Equal Two?" Harvard Business School Case 125-069, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • Working Paper

      AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance

      By: Yannick Exner, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer and Shunyuan Zhang
      Generative AI’s recent advancements in creating content have offered vast potential to transform the advertising industry. This research investigates the impact of generative AI-enabled visual ad creation on real-world advertising effectiveness. For this purpose, we... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; AI and Machine Learning; Advertising; Consumer Behavior; Advertising Industry
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      Exner, Yannick, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer, and Shunyuan Zhang. "AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5096969.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Jaipur Literature Festival 2024

      By: Tarun Khanna and Kanika Jain
      The Jaipur Literature Festival had evolved from a modest gathering in 2006 into one of the world’s most significant literary events. It was known for its principle of egalitarian access, allowing people from various social backgrounds to come together and engage with... View Details
      Keywords: Arts; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Leadership; Business or Company Management; Media; Business Strategy; Expansion; Profit; Product Positioning; Asia; South Asia
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Kanika Jain. "Jaipur Literature Festival 2024." Harvard Business School Case 725-420, January 2025.
      • January–February 2025
      • Article

      What People Still Get Wrong About Negotiations: They Assume the Size of the Pie Is Fixed—and So Miss Opportunities to Create Value

      By: Max H. Bazerman
      Most executives leave value on the negotiating table, for two main reasons: First, many executives mistakenly believe that they’re negotiating over a fixed pie and that gains for one side necessarily mean losses for the other. Second, they focus exclusively on how to... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Offer; Negotiation Tactics; Value; Communication; Trust
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      Bazerman, Max H. "What People Still Get Wrong About Negotiations: They Assume the Size of the Pie Is Fixed—and So Miss Opportunities to Create Value." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 1 (January–February 2025): 71–77.
      • December 2024
      • Case

      Core Innovation Capital: Investing in Fintech for Good

      By: Ray Kluender, Natalia Rigol, Benjamin Roth and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In 2017, Arjan Schütte, founder of Core Innovation Capital, faced a decision on whether to invest in Hugo Insurance, an auto insurance startup. Core, an early-stage social impact VC firm, focused on “fintech for good,” by investing in financial services for low- to... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Venture Capital; Social Entrepreneurship; Insurance; Measurement and Metrics; Investment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Product Positioning; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Kluender, Ray, Natalia Rigol, Benjamin Roth, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Core Innovation Capital: Investing in Fintech for Good." Harvard Business School Case 825-064, December 2024.
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Respect for Improvements and Comparative Statics in Matching Markets

      By: Scott Duke Kominers
      One of the oldest results in the theory of two-sided matching is the entry comparative static, which shows that under the Gale–Shapley deferred acceptance algorithm, adding a new agent to one side of the market makes all the agents on the other side weakly... View Details
      Keywords: Market Entry and Exit; Marketplace Matching; Mathematical Methods; Market Design
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      Kominers, Scott Duke. "Respect for Improvements and Comparative Statics in Matching Markets." Journal of Mechanism and Institution Design 9, no. 1 (December 2024): 83–104.
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