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- All HBS Web
(373)
- News (103)
- Research (169)
- Events (2)
- Multimedia (6)
- Faculty Publications (78)
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- November 2022
- Article
A Language-Based Method for Assessing Symbolic Boundary Maintenance between Social Groups
By: Anjali M. Bhatt, Amir Goldberg and Sameer B. Srivastava
When the social boundaries between groups are breached, the tendency for people to erect and maintain symbolic boundaries intensifies. Drawing on extant perspectives on boundary maintenance, we distinguish between two strategies that people pursue in maintaining... View Details
Keywords: Culture; Machine Learning; Natural Language Processing; Symbolic Boundaries; Organizations; Boundaries; Social Psychology; Interpersonal Communication; Organizational Culture
Bhatt, Anjali M., Amir Goldberg, and Sameer B. Srivastava. "A Language-Based Method for Assessing Symbolic Boundary Maintenance between Social Groups." Sociological Methods & Research 51, no. 4 (November 2022): 1681–1720.
- 2015
- Chapter
Optimal Process Control of Symbolic Transfer Functions
By: Christopher Griffin and Elisabeth Paulson
Transfer function modeling is a standard technique in classical Linear Time Invariant and Statistical Process Control. The work of Box and Jenkins was seminal in developing methods for identifying parameters associated with classical (r, s, k) transfer functions.... View Details
Keywords: Transfer Functions; Markov Processes; Stochastic Models; Process Control; Research; Information Technology
Griffin, Christopher, and Elisabeth Paulson. "Optimal Process Control of Symbolic Transfer Functions." In Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Feedback Computing. IEEE, 2015.
- October 2023 (Revised June 2024)
- Case
Revvity: A Symbol of Change
By: Satish Tadikonda and William Marks
After selling the PerkinElmer name and several ancillary business units, Prahlad Singh (CEO) and his team at the newly christened Revvity faced a challenge on how best to capitalize on the opportunities ahead for the business and emerge as winners within the Life... View Details
Tadikonda, Satish, and William Marks. "Revvity: A Symbol of Change." Harvard Business School Case 824-071, October 2023. (Revised June 2024.)
- 2014
- Article
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China: Symbol or Substance?
By: Christopher Marquis and Cuili Qian
This study focuses on how and why firms strategically respond to government signals regarding appropriate corporate activity. We integrate institutional theory and research on corporate political strategy to develop a political dependence model that explains (a) how... View Details
Keywords: Institutional Theory; Political Strategy; Non-market Strategy; China; Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Emerging Markets; Government and Politics; China
Marquis, Christopher, and Cuili Qian. "Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China: Symbol or Substance?" Organization Science 25, no. 1 (January–February 2014): 127–148.
- Forthcoming
- Article
Confronting the Limits of Symbolic Actions: How Entrepreneurs Narrow the Presentation-Performance Gap
By: Rebecca Karp and Siobhan O'Mahony
Entrepreneurs often skillfully leverage symbolic actions to manage impressions and gain acceptance for their innovations. Impression management can generate interest, but also heighten expectations beyond an innovation’s capabilities, creating a gap between... View Details
Keywords: Digital Innovation; Integration Strategy; Impression Management; Innovation Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Health Industry; Technology Industry
Karp, Rebecca, and Siobhan O'Mahony. "Confronting the Limits of Symbolic Actions: How Entrepreneurs Narrow the Presentation-Performance Gap." Organization Science (forthcoming). (Pre-published online April 15, 2025.)
- 1972
- Article
Symbolic Interactionism and Politics in Systemic Perspective
By: R. M. Kanter
Kanter, R. M. "Symbolic Interactionism and Politics in Systemic Perspective." Sociological Inquiry 42, nos. 3-4 (1972). (Also in Perspectives on Political Sociology, edited by A. Effrat. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1972.)
- December 2011
- Exercise
Working with Symbolic Intelligence: The 100 Jobs Exercise
By: Timothy Butler
Keywords: Jobs and Positions
- August 1983 (Revised July 1984)
- Case
Antitrust Movement: Symbolic Politics and Industrial Organization Economics
Tedlow, Richard S. "Antitrust Movement: Symbolic Politics and Industrial Organization Economics." Harvard Business School Case 384-051, August 1983. (Revised July 1984.)
- December 2011
- Exercise
Working with Symbolic Intelligence: The 10 Images Exercise
By: Timothy Butler, Janet Kraus and David Crabbe
- August 1984 (Revised June 1985)
- Teaching Note
Antitrust Movement: Symbolic Politics and Industrial Organization Economics, Teaching Note
- Article
Isolating the Symbolic Implications of Employee Mobility: Price Increases after Hiring Winemakers from Prominent Wineries
By: Peter W. Roberts, Mukti Khaire and Christopher I. Rider
When a skilled employee moves from one organization to another, the effects on the hiring organization can be substantive (i.e., changes in actual outcomes) and symbolic (i.e., changes in expectations or valuations and therefore prices). We theorize that strong or even... View Details
Keywords: Employees; Organizations; Performance Expectations; Price; Competency and Skills; Quality; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Selection and Staffing; Valuation; Food and Beverage Industry
Roberts, Peter W., Mukti Khaire, and Christopher I. Rider. "Isolating the Symbolic Implications of Employee Mobility: Price Increases after Hiring Winemakers from Prominent Wineries." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 101, no. 3 (May 2011): 147–151.
- 1994
- Chapter
The Role of Technology in an Information Age: Transforming Symbols into Action
By: R. L. Nolan and S. H. Haeckel
- Research Summary
Rethinking Brand Contamination: How Consumers Maintain Distinction When Symbolic Boundaries Are Breached"
If consumers view their brands as extensions of themselves, what happens when undesirable consumers adopt these same brands? I address this question by examining an issue that is of great concern to managers of high-status brands: the rampant spread... View Details
- Research Summary
Simultaneous Distinction, Democratization and Omnivorism Effects: A Longitudinal Analysis of Dynamic Symbolic Boundaries in Counterfeit Consumption Networks
Sociologists have long examined the interactive relationship between social structure, taste and power. This literature has overwhelmingly fallen into three, ostensibly competing, theoretical “camps”: Distinction, where high-status consumers use... View Details
- June 2017
- Article
Conspicuous Consumption of Time: When Busyness and Lack of Leisure Time Become a Status Symbol
By: Silvia Bellezza, Neeru Paharia and Anat Keinan
While research on conspicuous consumption has typically analyzed how people spend money on products that signal status, we investigate conspicuous consumption in relation to time. We argue that a busy and overworked lifestyle, rather than a leisurely lifestyle, has... View Details
Bellezza, Silvia, Neeru Paharia, and Anat Keinan. "Conspicuous Consumption of Time: When Busyness and Lack of Leisure Time Become a Status Symbol." Journal of Consumer Research 44, no. 1 (June 2017): 118–138.
- Article
Lords of the Harvest: Symbolic Signaling and Regulatory Approval of Genetically Modified Organisms
By: Shon R. Hiatt and Sangchan Park
Hiatt, Shon R., and Sangchan Park. "Lords of the Harvest: Symbolic Signaling and Regulatory Approval of Genetically Modified Organisms." Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings (2010).
- April 2022
- Article
Consumers Value Effort over Ease When Caring for Close Others
By: Ximena Garcia-Rada, Mary Steffel, Elanor F. Williams and Michael I. Norton
Many products and services are designed to make caregiving easier, from premade meals for feeding families to robo-cribs that automatically rock babies to sleep. Yet, using these products may come with a cost: consumers may feel they have not exerted enough effort.... View Details
Keywords: Effor; Caregiving; Close Relationships; Symbolic Meaning; Signaling; Relationships; Consumer Behavior; Perception
Garcia-Rada, Ximena, Mary Steffel, Elanor F. Williams, and Michael I. Norton. "Consumers Value Effort over Ease When Caring for Close Others." Journal of Consumer Research 48, no. 6 (April 2022): 970–990.
- 18 Jul 2016
- Working Paper Summaries
Beyond Symbolic Responses to Private Politics: Examining Labor Standards Improvement in Global Supply Chains
- 1 Aug 2010
- Conference Presentation
Lords of the harvest: Symbolic signaling and regulatory approval of genetically modified organisms in the nascent U.S. agriculture-biotechnology sector
By: Shon R. Hiatt and Sangchan Park
Keywords: Science; Information Technology; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Agribusiness; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; United States
Hiatt, Shon R., and Sangchan Park. "Lords of the harvest: Symbolic signaling and regulatory approval of genetically modified organisms in the nascent U.S. agriculture-biotechnology sector." Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada, August 01, 2010.
- March–April 2016
- Article
Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing
By: Christopher Marquis, Michael W. Toffel and Yanhua Zhou
Under increased pressure to report environmental impacts, some firms selectively disclose relatively benign impacts, creating an impression of transparency while masking their true performance. We identify key company- and country-level factors that limit firms' use of... View Details
Keywords: Disclosure Strategy; Disclosure; Environmental Performance; Environmental Strategy; Environment; Symbolic; Reporting; Corporate Disclosure; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Marquis, Christopher, Michael W. Toffel, and Yanhua Zhou. "Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing." Organization Science 27, no. 2 (March–April 2016): 483–504. (Formerly titled "When Do Firms Greenwash? Corporate Visibility, Civil Society Scrutiny, and Environmental Disclosure.")