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      • April 2025
      • Case

      Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba

      By: Brian K. Baik, Joseph Pacelli and James Barnett
      The case explores Japan Industrial Partners (JIP) $14 billion takeover of Toshiba Corporation (Toshiba). JIP was a private equity firm that took over the troubled electronics corporation in late 2023. The deal, which had been labeled one of the largest leveraged... View Details
      Keywords: International Accounting; Borrowing and Debt; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Ownership; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy; Valuation; Leveraged Buyouts; Restructuring; Capital Structure; Cost of Capital; Private Equity; Bids and Bidding; Accounting Industry; Electronics Industry; Energy Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Semiconductor Industry; Asia; Japan
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      Baik, Brian K., Joseph Pacelli, and James Barnett. "Japan Industrial Partners Powers the Leveraged Buyout of Toshiba." Harvard Business School Case 125-055, April 2025.
      • October 2022 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      Masdar City: Aiming for Sustainable and Profitable Real Estate

      By: Boris Vallee and Fares Khrais
      Masdar City broke ground in 2008 and was conceived by the Abu Dhabi government to be an international beacon of innovation in sustainable energy and real estate. It was also to be a profitable investment for the government. At first glance, the two goals pulled in... View Details
      Keywords: Analysis; Business Growth And Maturation; Decisions; Public Sector; Financial Crisis; Construction; Climate Change; Green Technology; Borrowing And Debt; Corporate Finance; Capital; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Cost Of Capital; Equity; REIT; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Innovation; Growth And Development Strategy; Emerging Markets; Urban Development; Middle East; United Arab Emirates; Sustainable Cities; Green Building; Business and Government Relations; Decision Choices and Conditions; Financing and Loans; Real Estate Industry; Construction Industry; Energy Industry; Green Technology Industry; Abu Dhabi
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      Vallee, Boris, and Fares Khrais. "Masdar City: Aiming for Sustainable and Profitable Real Estate." Harvard Business School Case 223-036, October 2022. (Revised February 2024.)
      • March 2021 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Making Impact Investing Markets: IFC (A)

      By: Shawn A. Cole, John Masko and T. Robert Zochowski
      In 2017, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) faced the first big investment decision in its new Scaling Solar project. Founded in 1956, IFC was an international investment body with national governments as shareholders, whose mission was to promote economic... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Development Economics; Developing Countries and Economies; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Equity; Bonds; Financing and Loans; Growth and Development; Emerging Markets; Non-Governmental Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Investment; Decision Making; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry; Zambia
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      Cole, Shawn A., John Masko, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Making Impact Investing Markets: IFC (A)." Harvard Business School Case 221-061, March 2021. (Revised April 2021.)
      • February 2021 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO

      By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
      During the 1980s, leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and the private equity (PE) firms responsible for carrying them out revolutionized both investment and management in the U.S. Between 1980 and 1989, buyout activity in the U.S. surged from $1 billion per year to $60 billion.... View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Conglomerates; Restructuring; Borrowing and Debt; Private Equity; Bonds; Investment Return; Institutional Investing; Profit Sharing; Business History; Management Style; Private Ownership; Performance Effectiveness; Value Creation; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "Barbarians at the Gate or Turnaround Gurus? Private Equity and the Rise of the LBO." Harvard Business School Case 821-016, February 2021. (Revised June 2021.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Juno (A): Leveraging Student Power

      By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
      In March 2020, Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal were in the midst of preparing the annual auction for their student loan assistance startup, Juno. Both current MBA students at Harvard Business School, the duo founded Juno in 2018 to leverage student bargaining power... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Cost vs Benefits; Education; Higher Education; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Strategy; Adaptation; Alignment; Negotiation; Agreements and Arrangements; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Deal; Negotiation Offer; Negotiation Types; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry; North and Central America; United States; Massachusetts; Boston
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      Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (A): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Case 921-032, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Supplement

      Juno (B): Leveraging Student Power

      By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
      In March 2020, Juno co-founders Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal decided to pitch banks in anticipation of their annual auction while negotiating directly with private lender Eager. Responses from the majority of private lenders—including Juno’s 2019 partner—were not... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Cost vs Benefits; Judgments; Education; Higher Education; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Strategy; Adaptation; Alignment; Negotiation; Negotiation Deal; Negotiation Offer; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Types; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry; North and Central America; United States; Massachusetts; Boston
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      Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (B): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Supplement 921-033, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Supplement

      Juno (C): Leveraging Student Power

      By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
      In May 2020, Juno co-founders Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal decided to hold the annual auction for their student loan assistance startup. Five lenders submitted bids, and the co-founders ultimately opted to select Eager Bank as their partner for the 2020-2021... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Cost vs Benefits; Judgments; Education; Higher Education; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Strategy; Adaptation; Alignment; Negotiation; Agreements and Arrangements; Negotiation Deal; Negotiation Offer; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Types; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry; North and Central America; United States; Massachusetts; Boston
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      Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (C): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Supplement 921-034, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • October 2020 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      Francisco Partners Private Credit Opportunity Fund

      By: Luis M. Viceira, John D. Dionne, Soracha Prathanrasnikorn and Ari Sunshine
      In April 2020, Scott Einsenberg, the Head of Credit at the private equity firm Francisco Partners, is deciding whether to go ahead with extending a private lending agreement to Eventbrite, Inc. (NYSE: EB), a leading global event management and online ticketing... View Details
      Keywords: Private Debt; Private Credit; Industry Evolution; Private Equity; Investment; Analysis
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      Viceira, Luis M., John D. Dionne, Soracha Prathanrasnikorn, and Ari Sunshine. "Francisco Partners Private Credit Opportunity Fund." Harvard Business School Case 221-002, October 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
      • February 2019 (Revised January 2021)
      • Case

      Quiksilver Inc. and Oaktree Capital Management

      By: Kristin Mugford and Mike Harmon
      Sports lifestyle company Quiksilver filed for bankruptcy in September 2015. Oaktree is considering an additional investment in the company to facilitate the restructuring. Students must consider whether Oaktree should invest given the risks of the turnaround... View Details
      Keywords: Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy Reorganization; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Acquisition; Restructuring; Debt Securities; Transformation; Decision Making; Borrowing and Debt; Investment Return; Crisis Management; Negotiation; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; France; United States
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      Mugford, Kristin, and Mike Harmon. "Quiksilver Inc. and Oaktree Capital Management." Harvard Business School Case 219-097, February 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
      • June 2018
      • Case

      Burton Sensors, Inc.

      By: William E. Fruhan and Wei Wang
      Burton Sensors presents a realistic situation where a small, rapidly growing, and profitable temperature sensor original equipment manufacturer (OEM) reaches its debt capacity and seeks equity financing to sustain high growth. The president of the company must decide... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Acquisition; Investment; Financial Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Fruhan, William E., and Wei Wang. "Burton Sensors, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 918-539, June 2018.
      • July 2017
      • Case

      Centerbridge Partners and Great Wolf Resorts: Buying from a Highly Regarded Competitor

      By: Josh Lerner, John D. Dionne and Amram Migdal
      The case examines the March 2015 Centerbridge Partners investment decision regarding whether to acquire Great Wolf Resorts, a North American family-oriented indoor water parks and hotel operator, from a private equity (PE) competitor, Apollo Global Management. The case... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity Financing; Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities; CMBS; Secondary Buyouts; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Cost; Cost of Capital; Equity; Private Equity; Financial Instruments; Debt Securities; Accommodations Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Financial Services Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Lerner, Josh, John D. Dionne, and Amram Migdal. "Centerbridge Partners and Great Wolf Resorts: Buying from a Highly Regarded Competitor." Harvard Business School Case 818-023, July 2017.
      • October 2016
      • Case

      Turkasset: Bringing Customer-Centricity to Debt Collection

      By: Dennis Campbell and Gamze Yucaoglu
      In December 2014, in preparation for the year-end board presentation, Hilmi Guvenal (PMD 1993), shareholder and CEO of Turkasset, and Ilker Yoney, COO, sat down to discuss Turkasset’s five- and ten-year strategic plans. Since taking leadership of the company in 2009,... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Customer Experience; Customer Service; Customer-centric; Emerging Market; Customer Focus; Employee Empowerment; Employee Engagement; Employee Training; Staffing; Operations Management; Quality Management; Service Management; Service Quality; Continuous Improvement; Turkasset; Collections Agency; NPL; Call Center; Financial Services; Borrowing and Debt; Customer Focus and Relationships; Organizational Culture; Operations; Management; Service Operations; Quality; Competitive Advantage; Cost vs Benefits; Financial Services Industry; Turkey
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      Campbell, Dennis, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Turkasset: Bringing Customer-Centricity to Debt Collection." Harvard Business School Case 117-023, October 2016.
      • 2015
      • Case

      Advanced Leadership Pathways: Robert Whelan and the Student Loan Crisis (B)

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter, Grace Sza-Hua Chen and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      Bob Whelan developed an idea with partners that was a seed before his fellowship year and addressed a significant national challenge - college financing - with a creative concept and experience from his years in investment banking. His nonprofit was called 13th Avenue... View Details
      Keywords: Social Enterprise; Higher Education; Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Leading Change; Education Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M., Grace Sza-Hua Chen, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Advanced Leadership Pathways: Robert Whelan and the Student Loan Crisis (B)." Harvard Business Publishing Case 316-049, 2015. (Advanced Leadership Pathways.)
      • June 2015
      • Case

      The Valuation and Financing of Lady M Confections

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This case explores the decision-making process that small, private businesses must undertake when considering an expansion and when selling equity to outside investors. In the process, students are asked to complete two exercises: a break-even analysis and a valuation... View Details
      Keywords: Lady M; Bakery; Foodservice Industry; Breakeven Analysis; Restaurant Industry; Forecasting; Forecast; Financial Analysis; Borrowing and Debt; Corporate Finance; Equity; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Finance; Food; Valuation; Food and Beverage Industry; New York (city, NY)
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "The Valuation and Financing of Lady M Confections." Harvard Business School Case 215-047, June 2015.
      • May 2015
      • Case

      Transforming Alkermes into a Global Biopharmaceutical Company

      By: C. Fritz Foley and Nicholas Haas
      In the summer of 2011, Jim Frates, CFO of Alkermes faced choices about how to finance the acquisition of Dublin, Ireland-based Elan Drug Technologies (EDT)—a deal that was expected to close in the fall. The case describes the history of Alkermes, provides information... View Details
      Keywords: Financing; Debt; Merger; CFO; Financial Management; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; Europe
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and Nicholas Haas. "Transforming Alkermes into a Global Biopharmaceutical Company." Harvard Business School Case 215-079, May 2015.
      • 2014
      • Other Teaching and Training Material

      Entrepreneurship Reading: Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures

      By: William R. Kerr, Ramana Nanda and James McQuade
      "Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures" introduces students to the key issues involved in the financing of entrepreneurial enterprises. The Reading begins by examining how business models shape external financing requirements. It then contrasts the choice to bootstrap... View Details
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      Kerr, William R., Ramana Nanda, and James McQuade. "Entrepreneurship Reading: Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Harvard Business Publishing 8072, 2014.
      • July 2014
      • Case

      Paramount Equipment, Inc.

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Wei Wang
      Paramount Equipment, Inc., based in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is a large manufacturer of cranes and compact construction equipment, aerial work platforms, and food service equipment. Founded in 1987, Paramount now had manufacturing operations in 24 countries. However, it... View Details
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Wei Wang. "Paramount Equipment, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 914-557, July 2014.
      • June 2014
      • Case

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A)

      By: Mihir A. Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      By the end of 2013, Apple had $137 billion dollars in cash and marketable securities. This case explores how companies can generate such large amounts of cash and how and if they should distribute it to shareholders, especially in the face of shareholder pressure. In... View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir A., and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-085, June 2014.
      • June 2014
      • Supplement

      Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Student Supplement

      By: Mihir Desai and Elizabeth A. Meyer
      This is the student spreadsheet supplement to case 214-085, Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 (A). View Details
      Keywords: Apple; Steve Jobs; Forecast; Forecasting; Forecasting And Prediction; Shareholder Activism; Share Repurchase; Dividends; Financial Ratios; Preferred Shares; Cash Distribution; Corporate Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; Republic of Ireland
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      Desai, Mihir, and Elizabeth A. Meyer. "Financial Policy at Apple, 2013 Student Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 214-714, June 2014.
      • February 2014 (Revised October 2014)
      • Case

      ISS A/S: The Buyout

      By: Clayton Rose, Carsten Bienz and Lucy White
      Provides the opportunity to value a leveraged buy-out; and to examine the nature and extent of a company's responsibilities to its bondholders. Here, the context is a "going private" transaction in Europe, where the financing plan called for the addition to the... View Details
      Keywords: LBO; Private Equity; Contracts; Global Business; International Business; Finance; Ethics; Law; Service Industry; Europe
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      Rose, Clayton, Carsten Bienz, and Lucy White. "ISS A/S: The Buyout." Harvard Business School Case 214-027, February 2014. (Revised October 2014.)
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