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      • Faculty Publications  (19)

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      • January 2025
      • Case

      Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (A)

      By: Jillian Jordan and Livia Alfonsi
      Analytics FC was a UK-based sports consultancy that focused on international football (soccer), leveraging cutting-edge data-analytic techniques to support clubs, federations, and players. In 2022, Alex Greenwood, an elite female defender, approached the company for... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation; Negotiation Preparation; Gender; Analytics and Data Science; Sports; Reputation; Value Creation; Sports Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; United Kingdom
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      Jordan, Jillian, and Livia Alfonsi. "Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (A)." Harvard Business School Case 925-014, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Supplement

      Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (B)

      By: Jillian Jordan and Livia Alfonsi
      Analytics FC was a UK-based sports consultancy that focused on international football (soccer), leveraging cutting-edge data-analytic techniques to support clubs, federations, and players. In 2022, Alex Greenwood, an elite female defender, approached the company for... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Preparation; Gender; Analytics and Data Science; Reputation; Value Creation; Sports Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; United Kingdom
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      Jordan, Jillian, and Livia Alfonsi. "Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 925-015, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Thomas Müller: Mr. Bayern Munich

      By: Boris Groysberg, Sascha L. Schmidt, Alexander Liebhart and Sarah Abbott
      In 2024, FC Bayern Munich superstar Thomas Müller announced his retirement from German national football. His contract with Bayern Munich runs through the end of the 2024-25 season. In 2025, Müller reflects on his long career in football, on the skills that have driven... View Details
      Keywords: Soccer; Football; Data Science And Analytics Management; Bundesliga; Sports Data; "Sports Organizations,; Career Changes And Transitions; Career Management; Retirement Transition; Skills Development; Analysis; Competency and Skills; Decision Making; Performance; Personal Development and Career; Retirement; Transition; Sports Industry; Germany
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      Groysberg, Boris, Sascha L. Schmidt, Alexander Liebhart, and Sarah Abbott. "Thomas Müller: Mr. Bayern Munich." Harvard Business School Case 425-031, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • February 2024
      • Case

      ReSpo.Vision: The Kickstart of an AI Sports Revolution

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Elena Corsi and Nikolina Jonsson
      This case study explores the growth journey of Polish computer vision sports start-up ReSpo.Vision in an emerging entrepreneurial ecosystem. By providing 3D data and analysis to soccer clubs, ReSpo.Vision achieved significant milestones with a €1 million seed round, an... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Plan; Experience and Expertise; Talent and Talent Management; Decisions; Decision Choices and Conditions; Forecasting and Prediction; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Applications and Software; Business Strategy; Sports Industry; Sports Industry; Poland; Europe
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      Gompers, Paul A., Elena Corsi, and Nikolina Jonsson. "ReSpo.Vision: The Kickstart of an AI Sports Revolution." Harvard Business School Case 824-151, February 2024.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      No Revenge for Nerds? Evaluating the Careers of Ivy League Athletes

      By: Natee Amornsiripanitch, Paul A. Gompers, George Hu, Will Levinson and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
      This paper compares the careers of Ivy League athletes to those of their non-athlete classmates. Combining team-level information on all Ivy League athletes from 1970 to 2021 with resume data for all Ivy League graduates, we examine both post-graduate education and... View Details
      Keywords: Outcome or Result; Higher Education; Personal Development and Career; Human Capital
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      Amornsiripanitch, Natee, Paul A. Gompers, George Hu, Will Levinson, and Vladimir Mukharlyamov. "No Revenge for Nerds? Evaluating the Careers of Ivy League Athletes." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31753, October 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Article

      Consuming Contests: The Effect of Outcome Uncertainty on Spectator Attendance in the Australian Football League

      By: Patrick Ferguson and Karim R. Lakhani
      Contests that non-contestants consume for entertainment are a fixture of economic, cultural and political life. We exploit injury-induced changes to teams' line-ups in a professional sports setting to examine whether individuals prefer to consume contests that have... View Details
      Keywords: Sports; Entertainment; Consumer Behavior
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      Ferguson, Patrick, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Consuming Contests: The Effect of Outcome Uncertainty on Spectator Attendance in the Australian Football League." Economic Record 99, no. 326 (September 2023): 410–435.
      • March–April 2023
      • Article

      Pricing for Heterogeneous Products: Analytics for Ticket Reselling

      By: Michael Alley, Max Biggs, Rim Hariss, Charles Herrmann, Michael Lingzhi Li and Georgia Perakis
      Problem definition: We present a data-driven study of the secondary ticket market. In particular, we are primarily concerned with accurately estimating price sensitivity for listed tickets. In this setting, there are many issues including endogeneity, heterogeneity in... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Demand and Consumers; AI and Machine Learning; Investment Return; Sports Industry; Sports Industry
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      Alley, Michael, Max Biggs, Rim Hariss, Charles Herrmann, Michael Lingzhi Li, and Georgia Perakis. "Pricing for Heterogeneous Products: Analytics for Ticket Reselling." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 25, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 409–426.
      • February 2022
      • Article

      Sugar-sweetened Beverage Purchases and Intake at Event Arenas with and without a Portion Size Cap

      By: Sheri Volger, James Scott Parrott, Brian Elbel, Leslie K. John, Jason P. Block, Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia and Christina A. Roberto
      This is the first real-world study to examine the association between a voluntary 16-ounce (oz.) portion-size cap on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) at a sporting arena on volume of SSBs and food calories purchased and consumed during basketball games. Cross-sectional... View Details
      Keywords: Sugar-sweetened Beverages; Nutrition Policy; Obesity Prevention; Portion Sizes; Nutrition; Policy; Health; Behavior
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      Volger, Sheri, James Scott Parrott, Brian Elbel, Leslie K. John, Jason P. Block, Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia, and Christina A. Roberto. "Sugar-sweetened Beverage Purchases and Intake at Event Arenas with and without a Portion Size Cap." Art. 101661. Preventative Medicine Reports 25 (February 2022).
      • August 2021 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      Data Science at the Warriors

      By: Iavor I. Bojinov and Michael Parzen
      The case explores the development and early growth of a data science team at the Golden State Warriors, an NBA team based in San Francisco. The case begins by explaining the initial rationale for investing in data science, then covers a debate on the appropriate team... View Details
      Keywords: Data Science; Digital Marketing; Analysis; Forecasting and Prediction; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Sports Industry; San Francisco; United States
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., and Michael Parzen. "Data Science at the Warriors." Harvard Business School Case 622-048, August 2021. (Revised February 2024.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Consuming Contests: Outcome Uncertainty and Spectator Demand for Contest-based Entertainment

      By: Patrick J. Ferguson and Karim R. Lakhani
      Contests that are designed to be consumed for entertainment by non-contestants are a fixture of economic, cultural and political life. In this paper, we examine whether individuals prefer to consume contests that have more uncertain outcomes. We look to... View Details
      Keywords: Contest Design; Information Preferences; Consumer Demand; Sports; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Demand and Consumers; Outcome or Result
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      Ferguson, Patrick J., and Karim R. Lakhani. "Consuming Contests: Outcome Uncertainty and Spectator Demand for Contest-based Entertainment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-087, February 2021.
      • November 2018
      • Case

      Sportradar (A): From Data to Storytelling

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Oliver Gassmann
      In 2013, the Swiss sports data company Sportradar debated whether to expand from its core business of data provision to bookmakers into sports media products. Sports data was becoming a commodity, and in the future, sports leagues might reduce their dependence on... View Details
      Keywords: Sports Data; Data; Sport; Sportradar; Football; Soccer; Gambling; Betting; Betting Markets; Statistics; Odds; Live Data; Bookmakers; Betradar; Visualization; Integrity; Monitoring; Gaming; Streaming; 2013; St.Gallen; Algorithm; Mathematical Modeling; Carsten Koerl; Betandwin; Bwin; Wagering; Probability; Sports; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Transition; Strategy; Media; Sports Industry; Sports Industry; Sports Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; Switzerland; Asia; Austria; Germany; England
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Oliver Gassmann. "Sportradar (A): From Data to Storytelling." Harvard Business School Case 719-429, November 2018.
      • Article

      A Fair Game? Racial Bias and Repeated Interaction between NBA Coaches and Players

      By: Letian Zhang
      There is strong evidence of racial bias in organizations but little understanding of how it changes with repeated interaction. This study proposes that repeated interaction has the potential to reduce racial bias, but its moderating effects are limited to the treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Discrimination; Bias; Interaction; NBA; Prejudice and Bias; Race; Equality and Inequality; Interpersonal Communication; Sports
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      Zhang, Letian. "A Fair Game? Racial Bias and Repeated Interaction between NBA Coaches and Players." Administrative Science Quarterly 62, no. 4 (December 2017): 603–625.
      • August 2017 (Revised August 2018)
      • Case

      The Oakland Athletics: Strategy & Metrics for a Budget

      By: Srikant M. Datar and Caitlin N. Bowler
      This case considers Oakland Athletics General Manager Billy Beane’s data driven and, in baseball circles unconventional, approach to winning games over the duration of the long Major League Baseball season. Beane’s critical approach to crafting strategy within his... View Details
      Keywords: Data Analysis; Metrics; Data Science; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Measurement and Metrics; Competitive Strategy; Organizational Culture; Sports Industry
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      Datar, Srikant M., and Caitlin N. Bowler. "The Oakland Athletics: Strategy & Metrics for a Budget." Harvard Business School Case 118-010, August 2017. (Revised August 2018.)
      • August 2015 (Revised May 2017)
      • Case

      TSG Hoffenheim: Football in the Age of Analytics

      By: Feng Zhu, Karim R. Lakhani, Sascha L. Schmidt and Kerry Herman
      In 2015, Dietmar Hopp, owner of Germany's Bundesliga football team TSG Hoffenheim and co-founder of the global enterprise software company SAP, was considering how to ensure long-term sustainability and competitiveness for TSG Hoffenheim. While historically a small... View Details
      Keywords: Information Technology; Measurement and Metrics; Sports; Sports Industry
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      Zhu, Feng, Karim R. Lakhani, Sascha L. Schmidt, and Kerry Herman. "TSG Hoffenheim: Football in the Age of Analytics." Harvard Business School Case 616-010, August 2015. (Revised May 2017.)
      • 1 Aug 2010
      • Conference Presentation

      Firm Performance, Top Management and Minority Hiring: African‐American Coaches in the NFL, 1970‐2007

      By: Andrew Hill and David Thomas
      Studies of minority hiring have found that low-status firms are more likely to hire minority candidates. However, most work has examined hiring for entry and mid-level positions, not senior management, which differs in the level of 1) uncertainty regarding the optimal... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Management Teams; Recruitment; Relationships; Risk and Uncertainty; Ethnicity; Sports Industry; Africa; United States
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      Hill, Andrew, and David Thomas. "Firm Performance, Top Management and Minority Hiring: African‐American Coaches in the NFL, 1970‐2007." Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Montreal, QC, August 01, 2010.
      • May 2007 (Revised March 2010)
      • Case

      Maria Sharapova: Marketing a Champion (A)

      By: Anita Elberse and Margarita Golod
      In July 2004, a then 17-year-old Maria Sharapova won Wimbledon, arguably the most prestigious tennis tournament in the world. Max Eisenbud, Sharapova's agent at International Management Group (IMG), knew the championship would lead to a flood of new opportunities. What... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Advertising; Gender; Product Marketing; Sports Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, and Margarita Golod. "Maria Sharapova: Marketing a Champion (A)." Harvard Business School Case 507-065, May 2007. (Revised March 2010.)
      • March 2007 (Revised October 2008)
      • Case

      The Vancouver 2010 Olympics

      By: Anita Elberse, Catherine Anthony and Joshua Callahan
      It is February 2007, exactly three years before Vancouver hosts the 2010 Winter Olympics. Judy Rogers, City Manager for the City of Vancouver and a member of the Board of Directors for Vancouver's Organizing Committee (VANOC), is keen to ensure the Games will have a... View Details
      Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries; Social Marketing; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Conflict and Resolution; Sports; Sports Industry; Sports Industry; Vancouver
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      Elberse, Anita, Catherine Anthony, and Joshua Callahan. "The Vancouver 2010 Olympics." Harvard Business School Case 507-049, March 2007. (Revised October 2008.)
      • August 2005 (Revised March 2006)
      • Case

      Moneyball (A): What Are You Paying For?

      By: Frances X. Frei, Dennis Campbell and Eliot Sherman
      Explores the contextual elements of Major League Baseball and presents data to allow for an analytic examination of alleged market inefficiencies within the sport. View Details
      Keywords: Market Design; Performance; Sports; Compensation and Benefits; Sports Industry; United States
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      Frei, Frances X., Dennis Campbell, and Eliot Sherman. "Moneyball (A): What Are You Paying For?" Harvard Business School Case 606-025, August 2005. (Revised March 2006.)
      • October 1995 (Revised December 1995)
      • Case

      Marketing the National Hockey League

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Marie Bell
      One third of the 24 National Hockey League (NHL) teams are unprofitable. Another third are barely profitable. This case provides the background and market research data to help the senior managers of the NHL make decisions pertaining to how they would like to grow the... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Decision Choices and Conditions; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Research; Sports Industry
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Marie Bell. "Marketing the National Hockey League." Harvard Business School Case 596-059, October 1995. (Revised December 1995.)
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