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    • All HBS Web  (553)
      • Faculty Publications  (190)

      Sociology Of Ethics And MoralityRemove Sociology Of Ethics And Morality →

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      • May 2025
      • Article

      Punitive but Discerning: Reputation Can Fuel Ambiguously-Deserved Punishment, but Does Not Erode Sensitivity to Nuance

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Nour S. Kteily
      The desire to appear virtuous can motivate people to punish wrongdoers, a desirable outcome when punishment is clearly deserved. Yet claims that “virtue signaling” is fueling a culture of outrage suggest that reputation concerns may inspire even potentially unmerited... View Details
      Keywords: Outrage; Signaling; Ideology; Moralistic Punishment; Reputation; Moral Sensibility
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Nour S. Kteily. "Punitive but Discerning: Reputation Can Fuel Ambiguously-Deserved Punishment, but Does Not Erode Sensitivity to Nuance." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 128, no. 5 (May 2025): 1072–1102.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Actions as Moral Issues

      By: Zwetelina Iliewa, Elisabeth Kempf and Oliver Spalt
      We examine nonpecuniary preferences across a broad set of corporate actions using a representative sample of the U.S. population. Our core findings, based on large-scale online surveys, are that (i) self-reported nonpecuniary concerns are large both for stock market... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Moral Sensibility
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      Iliewa, Zwetelina, Elisabeth Kempf, and Oliver Spalt. "Corporate Actions as Moral Issues." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33749, May 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Shifting Winds: DEI in Corporate America

      By: Clayton S. Rose, Maisie Wiltshire-Gordon and David Lane
      In the 2020s, intense and conflicting social and political pressures challenged organizational leaders around the world. Prominent among these were powerful competing views on workplace diversity, equity, and inclusion programs (DEI) in the United States. Public... View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Leadership; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Satisfaction; Diversity; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Employees; Retention; Recruitment; Adaptation; Programs; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States; Massachusetts; Maryland; Tennessee; District of Columbia
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      Rose, Clayton S., Maisie Wiltshire-Gordon, and David Lane. "Shifting Winds: DEI in Corporate America." Harvard Business School Case 325-017, January 2025.
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Managerial Pluralism: Thirty Years of Teaching Business Ethics

      By: Joseph L. Badaracco
      The author reflects on 30 years of teaching business ethics at Harvard Business School. The paper presents tactical lessons for teaching courses in professional ethics and introduces “managerial pluralism.” This concept is akin to Isaiah Berlin’s value pluralism and... View Details
      Keywords: Business Education; Ethics; Judgments
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      Badaracco, Joseph L. "Managerial Pluralism: Thirty Years of Teaching Business Ethics." Society 61, no. 6 (December 2024): 678–684.
      • August 2024
      • Background Note

      Your True Moral Compass

      By: Joseph L. Badaracco
      This note explores the concept of a "moral compass" for making difficult decisions in leadership roles. It argues that the standard view of a moral compass as a simple, internal guide is inadequate for complex situations. Instead, it proposes that our true moral... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Badaracco, Joseph L. "Your True Moral Compass." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-034, August 2024.
      • August 20, 2024
      • Article

      Sexual Assault Victims Face a Penalty for Adjacent Consent

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Roseanna Sommers
      Across 11 experimental studies (n = 12,257), we show that female victims of sexual assault are blamed more and seen as less morally virtuous if their assault follows voluntary sexual intimacy, a factor we term “adjacent consent”. Moreover, we illuminate a... View Details
      Keywords: Perception; Prejudice and Bias; Moral Sensibility; Crime and Corruption; Social Issues
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Roseanna Sommers. "Sexual Assault Victims Face a Penalty for Adjacent Consent." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 34 (August 20, 2024).
      • May 2024
      • Article

      Moral Thin-Slicing: Forming Moral Impressions from a Brief Glance

      By: Julian De Freitas and Alon Hafri
      Despite the modern rarity with which people are visual witness to moral transgressions involving physical harm, such transgressions are more accessible than ever thanks to their availability on social media and in the news. On one hand, the literature suggests that... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Judgement; Thin Slices; Social Media; Fake News; Misinformation; Moral Sensibility; News; Behavior
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      De Freitas, Julian, and Alon Hafri. "Moral Thin-Slicing: Forming Moral Impressions from a Brief Glance." Art. 104588. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 112 (May 2024).
      • April 2024 (Revised July 2024)
      • Case

      Market Dynamics and Moral Dilemmas: Novo Nordisk’s Weight-Loss Drugs

      By: Joseph L. Badaracco, Tom Quinn and John Schultz
      Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk was owned by a charitable foundation, and since its founding in the 1920s had focused on producing insulin to treat diabetes. In 2017, however, it released Ozempic, a diabetes treatment with the revolutionary side effect of... View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Judgments; Values and Beliefs; Global Strategy; Health Care and Treatment; Patents; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Product Positioning; Supply and Industry; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Opportunities; Social Issues; Equality and Inequality; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry; Denmark; United States; Europe; China; India; Middle East; North Africa
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      Badaracco, Joseph L., Tom Quinn, and John Schultz. "Market Dynamics and Moral Dilemmas: Novo Nordisk’s Weight-Loss Drugs." Harvard Business School Case 324-114, April 2024. (Revised July 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal…and What to Do about It

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      What are we to do about declining public trust and confidence in democratic capitalism, which many citizens consider a cornerstone of our national ideology and identity? While the answer is not entirely clear, I argue in this essay that any effort aimed at restoring... View Details
      Keywords: Government Administration; Economic Systems; Trust; United States
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal…and What to Do about It." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-062, March 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Supplement

      Accounting Red Flags or Red Herrings at Catalent? (B)

      By: Joseph Pacelli, ZeSean Ali and Tom Quinn
      GlassHouse Research identified accounting red flags at Catalent. Fiat Lux Partners countered most of GlassHouse’s claims. Who was right? This update explores the aftermath of the short seller duel. View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Audits; Acquisition; Budgets and Budgeting; Business Earnings; Earnings Management; Cost Accounting; Fair Value Accounting; Financial Reporting; Revenue Recognition; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Government Legislation; Conflict of Interests; Announcements; Blogs; Debates; Lawsuits and Litigation; Stocks; Performance Productivity; Pharmaceutical Industry; Accounting Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, ZeSean Ali, and Tom Quinn. "Accounting Red Flags or Red Herrings at Catalent? (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 124-055, January 2024.
      • December 2023
      • Article

      Discerning Saints: Moralization of Intrinsic Motivation and Selective Prosociality at Work

      By: Mijeong Kwon, Julia Lee Cunningham and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Intrinsic motivation has received widespread attention as a predictor of positive work outcomes, including employees’ prosocial behavior. In the current research, we offer a more nuanced view by proposing that intrinsic motivation does not uniformly increase prosocial... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Moral Sensibility; Employees
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      Kwon, Mijeong, Julia Lee Cunningham, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Discerning Saints: Moralization of Intrinsic Motivation and Selective Prosociality at Work." Academy of Management Journal 66, no. 6 (December 2023): 1625–1650.
      • October 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Accounting Red Flags or Red Herrings at Catalent? (A)

      By: Joseph Pacelli, ZeSean Ali and Tom Quinn
      Fund manager Janet Curie asked for a recommendation about the pharmaceutical company Catalent. The company seemed like a solid investment. However, a pair of research reports issued over the previous two months complicated this narrative. GlassHouse Research, a short... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Audits; Budgets and Budgeting; Earnings Management; Cost Accounting; Fair Value Accounting; Revenue Recognition; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Government Legislation; Conflict of Interests; Announcements; Blogs; Debates; Investment; Trust; Business and Shareholder Relations; Pharmaceutical Industry; Accounting Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, ZeSean Ali, and Tom Quinn. "Accounting Red Flags or Red Herrings at Catalent? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 124-024, October 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Book

      Your True Moral Compass: Defining Reality, Responsibility, and Practicality in Your Leadership Moments

      By: Joseph L. Badaracco
      This book presents a new, powerful, and practical way of making final decisions on the hard, complex, uncertain problems of life and work. What if you have looked at the data, talked with trusted colleagues, and applied all the relevant managerial and ethical... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Decisions; Work-Life Balance; Values and Beliefs
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      Badaracco, Joseph L. Your True Moral Compass: Defining Reality, Responsibility, and Practicality in Your Leadership Moments. SpringerBriefs in Philosophy. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2023.
      • August 2023 (Revised December 2023)
      • Case

      Automating Morality: Ethics for Intelligent Machines

      By: Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. and Tom Quinn
      As autonomy became a more significant part of modern life – most notably in autonomous vehicles (AVs), such as Teslas – ethical debates about whether and how to impart ethics to machines heated up. Utilitarians pointed out that autonomous vehicles crashed much less... View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Judgments; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Disruptive Innovation; Technology Adoption; Risk and Uncertainty; Cognition and Thinking; Technological Innovation; Auto Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Asia; Europe; North and Central America; Oceania; South America
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      Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr., and Tom Quinn. "Automating Morality: Ethics for Intelligent Machines." Harvard Business School Case 324-007, August 2023. (Revised December 2023.)
      • August 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)

      By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
      The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The... View Details
      Keywords: Dairy Industry; Business Earnings; Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Acquisition; Mergers and Acquisitions; Decision Making; Decisions; Voting; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Financial Strategy; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Geopolitical Units; Global Strategy; Ownership Type; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Natural Environment; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; European Union; Germany; Denmark; Sweden; Luxembourg; Belgium
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      Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)." Harvard Business School Case 624-003, August 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
      • Supplement

      Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)

      By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
      The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The... View Details
      Keywords: Dairy Industry; Earnings Management; Environmental Accounting; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Mergers and Acquisitions; Decisions; Voting; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Financial Strategy; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Geopolitical Units; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Natural Environment; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercial Banking; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; European Union; Denmark; Sweden; Luxembourg; Belgium
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      Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-036, August 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Politics of Philanthropy in China

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Yuhai Wu
      This working paper looks historically at business philanthropy in China. In the West, the literature has distinguished between entrepreneurial and customary philanthropy, while the phenomenon of spiritual philanthropy has been identified in many emerging markets. This... View Details
      Keywords: China; Philanthropy; Ethics; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Moral Sensibility; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Economic Systems; Economic Sectors; China
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Yuhai Wu. "The Politics of Philanthropy in China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-067, May 2023.
      • March 2023
      • Article

      Developing Moral Muscle in a Literature-based Business Ethics Course

      By: Inge M. Brokerhof, Sandra J. Sucher, P. Matthijs Bal, Frank Hakemulder, Paul G. W. Jansen and Omar N. Solinger
      Moral subjectivity (e.g., reflexivity, perspective-taking) is a necessary condition for moral development. However, widely used approaches to business ethics education, rooted in conceptualizations of ethical development as objective and quantifiable, often neglect... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Business Education; Growth and Development; Teaching
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      Brokerhof, Inge M., Sandra J. Sucher, P. Matthijs Bal, Frank Hakemulder, Paul G. W. Jansen, and Omar N. Solinger. "Developing Moral Muscle in a Literature-based Business Ethics Course." Academy of Management Learning & Education 22, no. 1 (March 2023): 63–87.
      • January 2023
      • Case

      Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant

      By: Brian Trelstad, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
      Brazil's Natura, a multi-brand cosmetics group, has taken several measures to safeguard the livelihoods of its thousands of employees and millions of sales representatives during the COVID-19 health and economic crisis. The company has also made strides in its efforts... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; ESG Reporting; Acquisition; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Social Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Global Strategy; Corporate Governance; Health Pandemics; Human Resources; Human Capital; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Distribution Channels; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Customer Ownership; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Science-Based Business; Reputation; Human Needs; Social Issues; Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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      Trelstad, Brian, Pedro Levindo, and Carla Larangeira. "Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant." Harvard Business School Case 323-065, January 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      'It Wouldn’t Have Mattered Anyway': When Overdetermined Outcomes Justify Our Sins

      By: Stephanie C. Lin, Julian J. Zlatev and Dale T. Miller
      We identify and document an “overdetermined outcome defense” which occurs when one learns that circumstances besides one’s own actions were sufficient to produce a negative effect (e.g., deciding not to go to the gym, but later discovering that the gym had been... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Decision Making; Outcome or Result; Behavior
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      Lin, Stephanie C., Julian J. Zlatev, and Dale T. Miller. "'It Wouldn’t Have Mattered Anyway': When Overdetermined Outcomes Justify Our Sins." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-045, January 2023.
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