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      • Faculty Publications  (92)

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      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Duolingo: On a 'Streak'

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Nicole Tempest Keller and Nicole Luo
      In December 2024, Severin Hacker, Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer of Duolingo, reflected on the remarkable evolution of the language-learning app he helped launch in 2011. As the #1 most downloaded education app in the world, Duolingo had over 100 million... View Details
      Keywords: Learning; AI and Machine Learning; Growth and Development Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Diversification; Business Model; Market Entry and Exit; Technology Industry; Education Industry; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Nicole Tempest Keller, and Nicole Luo. "Duolingo: On a 'Streak'." Harvard Business School Case 825-097, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • November 2024
      • Case

      AlphaGo (A): Birth of a New Intelligence

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This case, the first of a three-part series, traces DeepMind's evolution from its 2010 founding through its acquisition by Google in 2014. Often referred to as the "Apollo project" of artificial intelligence, DeepMind used games as a testing ground to develop AI... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Technological Innovation; Creativity; Technology Industry; South Korea; China; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (A): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Case 825-073, November 2024.
      • May 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Market by Met Council: Revolutionizing Food Pantries in the Digital Age

      By: Elisabeth Paulson and Michael W. Toffel
      In fall 2023, the Food Program of Met Council—America’s largest Jewish charity dedicated to fighting poverty—completed the rollout of the newest version of its digital pantry platform to twelve food pantries in the Met Council food pantry network. The digital... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Digital Transformation; Nonprofit Organizations; Service Operations; Human Needs
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      Paulson, Elisabeth, and Michael W. Toffel. "Market by Met Council: Revolutionizing Food Pantries in the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 624-060, May 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Social Movements and Public Opinion in the United States

      By: Amory Gethin and Vincent Pons
      Recent social movements stand out by their spontaneous nature and lack of stable leadership, raising doubts on their ability to generate political change. This article provides systematic evidence on the effects of protests on public opinion and political attitudes.... View Details
      Keywords: Attitudes; Social Issues; Voting; Public Opinion; Social Media
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      Gethin, Amory, and Vincent Pons. "Social Movements and Public Opinion in the United States." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32342, April 2024.
      • January 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Equal Justice Initiative: Mercy, Truth and Dignity

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Gerald Chertavian and Brittany Logan
      In 1989, the Equal Justice Initiative was established as a non-profit, public interest law firm by Harvard Law School graduate, Bryan Stevenson.

      EJI provides legal assistance to condemned prisoners, people wrongly convicted or unfairly sentenced, children in... View Details
      Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Nonprofit Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Growth and Development Strategy; Social Issues; Race
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, Gerald Chertavian, and Brittany Logan. "Equal Justice Initiative: Mercy, Truth and Dignity." Harvard Business School Case 524-055, January 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
      • March 2023 (Revised June 2023)
      • Case

      Metaverse Wars

      By: Andy Wu, David B. Yoffie and Matt Higgins
      In 2023, the term metaverse — a combination of “meta” and “universe” — had become a catch-all for a diverse set of expectations about online virtual worlds and the future of the internet. To some, the metaverse conjured images of a massive participatory videogame... View Details
      Keywords: Metaverse; Technology; Virtual Reality; Facebook; Social Media; Technological Innovation; Internet and the Web; Technology Adoption
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      Wu, Andy, David B. Yoffie, and Matt Higgins. "Metaverse Wars." Harvard Business School Case 723-431, March 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
      • January 2023 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Elon Musk at Tesla

      By: George Serafeim and Amram Migdal
      This case gives an overview of Elon Musk’s career arc through the lens of the 2003 founding of Tesla and its growth through 2022. Background information is included on Tesla’s unique strategic decisions, its operational and reputational struggles and successes, and the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Decision Making; Design; Energy; Renewable Energy; Engineering; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Values and Beliefs; Governance; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Leadership; Leadership Style; Management; Goals and Objectives; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Society; Social Issues; Strategy; Transportation; Value; Auto Industry; Transportation Industry
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      Serafeim, George, and Amram Migdal. "Elon Musk at Tesla." Harvard Business School Case 123-044, January 2023. (Revised June 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Evolution of ESG Reports and the Role of Voluntary Standards

      By: Ethan Rouen, Kunal Sachdeva and Aaron Yoon
      We examine the evolution of ESG reports of S&P 500 firms from 2010 to 2021. The percentage of firms releasing these voluntary disclosures increased from 35% to 86% during this period, although the length of these documents experienced more modest growth. Using a... View Details
      Keywords: Voluntary Disclosure; Textual Analysis; Modeling And Analysis; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; AI and Machine Learning; Accounting
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      Rouen, Ethan, Kunal Sachdeva, and Aaron Yoon. "The Evolution of ESG Reports and the Role of Voluntary Standards." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-024, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Article

      The Turn Toward Creative Work

      By: Spencer Harrison, Elizabeth D. Rouse, Colin M. Fisher and Teresa M. Amabile
      In this Academy of Management Collections essay, we curate a set of articles from the Academy of Management family of journals that showcase the evolution of creativity research within organizational scholarship. The articles reveal a shift from the study of... View Details
      Keywords: Creative Work; Creative Process; Creativity; Organizational Culture
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      Harrison, Spencer, Elizabeth D. Rouse, Colin M. Fisher, and Teresa M. Amabile. "The Turn Toward Creative Work." Academy of Management Collections 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–15.
      • April 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Gender Equality in Business: 100 Years of Progress?

      By: Boris Groysberg and Colleen Ammerman
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 422-066, "Gender Equality in Business: 100 Years of Progress?" The case traces the history of women in management from the early 20th to early 21st century through analysis of Harvard Business Review's coverage of women and gender. The... View Details
      Keywords: History; Business History; Gender; Management; Employees; Leadership; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Work-Life Balance; Prejudice and Bias; Social Issues; Diversity; Equity; United States
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Colleen Ammerman. "Gender Equality in Business: 100 Years of Progress?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 422-088, April 2022.
      • April 2022
      • Case

      Gender Equality in Business: 100 Years of Progress?

      By: Boris Groysberg and Colleen Ammerman
      "Gender Equality in Business: 100 Years of Progress?" traces the history of women in management from the early 20th to early 21st century through analysis of Harvard Business Review's coverage of women and gender. The case identifies six distinct phases in the... View Details
      Keywords: History; Business History; Gender; Management; Employees; Leadership; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Work-Life Balance; Prejudice and Bias; Social Issues; Diversity; Equity; United States
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Colleen Ammerman. "Gender Equality in Business: 100 Years of Progress?" Harvard Business School Case 422-066, April 2022.
      • Article

      Creating High-Impact Coalitions: CEOs Can Lead the Charge on Society’s Biggest Problems

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Tuna Cem Hayirli
      Traditionally, responses to crises and societal problems—the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, racial inequities—are considered the responsibility of the public sector and NGOs. But addressing the world’s most critical problems requires leadership, resources, and... View Details
      Keywords: Coalition; Change; Problem Solving; Organization; Boundaries; Evolution; Mission; Moral Leadership; Balance; "Solutions Approach; Society; Problems and Challenges; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Leading Change; Trust
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Tuna Cem Hayirli. "Creating High-Impact Coalitions: CEOs Can Lead the Charge on Society’s Biggest Problems." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022).
      • March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      France Télécom (A), (B), and (C)

      By: Ashley Whillans
      This case series discusses the evolution of France Télécom (now Orange) from a national telephone monopoly to a private company. During this process, the company faced numerous challenges including the entry of new competition from other countries and a workforce that... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Compensation and Benefits; Employee Relationship Management; Business Organization; Well-being; Communications Industry; Telecommunications Industry; France
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      Whillans, Ashley. "France Télécom (A), (B), and (C)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 722-438, March 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • February 2022 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Aleph Farms: A New Culture of Meat

      By: Elie Ofek and Jeff Huizinga
      Aleph Farms, an Israeli food-tech start-up, was hoping to play a major role in disrupting the conventional meat sector. Compared to intensive agricultural practices, Aleph’s cultured (or lab-grown) meat solution held the promise of considerably reducing greenhouse gas... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Adoption; Go To Market Strategy; Industry Evolution; Food Industry; Environmental And Social Sustainability; Marketing Of Innovations; Brand Building; Capital Expenditures-equipment; Disruption; Green Technology; Environmental Sustainability; Food; Market Entry and Exit; Brands and Branding; Consumer Behavior; Competitive Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Jeff Huizinga. "Aleph Farms: A New Culture of Meat." Harvard Business School Case 522-071, February 2022. (Revised April 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris

      By: James E. Austin, Megan Epler Woods and Herman B. Leonard
      This chapter analyzes the entrepreneurial conception and evolution of the Wilderness Safaris (WS) ecotourism enterprise operating in eight African countries. It illuminates a series of factors that contribute to positive environmental impact as well as financial... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship
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      Austin, James E., Megan Epler Woods, and Herman B. Leonard. "Key Success Factors in Environmental Entrepreneurship: The Case of Wilderness Safaris." Chap. 7 in World Scientific Encyclopedia of Business Sustainability, Ethics, and Entrepreneurship, Volume 1: Environmental and Social Entrepreneurship, edited by Peter Gianiodis, Maritza I. Espina, and William R. Meek, 175–196. World Scientific Publishing, 2022.
      • 2022
      • Book

      Ripe for Revolution: Building Socialism in the Third World

      By: Jeremy Friedman
      A historical account of ideology in the Global South as the postwar laboratory of socialism, its legacy following the Cold War, and the continuing influence of socialist ideas worldwide.

      In the first decades after World War II, many newly independent... View Details
      Keywords: Socialism; Economic Systems; Globalization; Government and Politics; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Friedman, Jeremy. Ripe for Revolution: Building Socialism in the Third World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Business of K-12 Education in China

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Yuhai Wu
      This working paper examines the evolution of K-12 education in China, especially between 1985 and the present day, drawing extensive interviews with participants in the educational sector. China has been hugely successful in reaching almost 100 percent literacy,... View Details
      Keywords: K-12 Education; China; Real Estate; Early Childhood Education; Performance Evaluation; Teaching; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Personal Development and Career; Social Issues; Nonprofit Organizations; Private Sector; Education Industry; Real Estate Industry; China
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Yuhai Wu. "The Business of K-12 Education in China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-022, October 2021.
      • December 2020 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      These cases explore the impacts of industry shocks, resulting corporate actions that had a devastating impact on employees, and the legal conviction of corporate leaders for “institutional harassment."

      This case series follows the evolution of France... View Details
      Keywords: Health & Wellness; Human Resource Management; Strategic Change; Leadership & Corporate Accountability; Leadership And Change Management; Leadership And Managing People; Change; Restructuring; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; Labor; Labor and Management Relations; Labor Unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems and Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Organizational Culture; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European Union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring." Harvard Business School Case 721-420, December 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
      • June 2020
      • Background Note

      Customer Management Dynamics and Cohort Analysis

      By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      The digital revolution has allowed companies to amass considerable amounts of data on their customers. Using this information to generate actionable insights is fast becoming a critical skill that firms must master if they wish to effectively compete and win in today’s... View Details
      Keywords: Cohort Analysis; Customers; Analytics and Data Science; Segmentation; Analysis; Customer Value and Value Chain
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      Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Customer Management Dynamics and Cohort Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 520-122, June 2020.
      • March 2020 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      The Art of the Merger: The Museum of Modern Art and PS1

      By: Dennis Yao and Hillary Greene
      This case examines the organizational relationship between the Museum of Modern Art and its affiliate MoMA PS1. The relationship raises a number of business and corporate strategy questions regarding the evolution of organizational relationships and their management.... View Details
      Keywords: Arts; Nonprofit Organizations; Corporate Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Disruption; Decision Making; Fine Arts Industry; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Yao, Dennis, and Hillary Greene. "The Art of the Merger: The Museum of Modern Art and PS1." Harvard Business School Case 720-412, March 2020. (Revised May 2022.)
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