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    • All HBS Web  (1,968)
      • Faculty Publications  (556)

      Qualitative Research MethodsRemove Qualitative Research Methods →

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      • September 2025
      • Article

      Sticky Capital Controls

      By: Miguel Acosta-Henao, Laura Alfaro and Andrés Fernández
      There is much ongoing debate on the merits of capital controls as effective policy instruments. The differing perspectives are due in part to a lack of empirical studies that look at the intensive margin of controls, which in turn has prevented a quantitative... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Controls; Macroprudential Policies; Stickiness; Intensive; (S, S) Costs; Capital; Management; Macroeconomics; Governance Controls; Mathematical Methods
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      Acosta-Henao, Miguel, Laura Alfaro, and Andrés Fernández. "Sticky Capital Controls." Art. 104104. Journal of International Economics 157 (September 2025).
      • September 2025
      • Article

      Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India

      By: Shawn Cole, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen and Aparna Krishna
      This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
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      Cole, Shawn, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Journal of Development Economics 176 (September 2025).
      • August 5, 2025
      • Article

      Data-driven Equation Discovery Reveals Nonlinear Reinforcement Learning in Humans

      By: Kyle J. LaFollette, Janni Yuval, Roey Schurr, David Melnikoff and Amit Goldenberg
      Computational models of reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly contributed to our understanding of human behavior and decision-making. Traditional RL models, however, often adopt a linear approach to updating reward expectations, potentially oversimplifying the... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Behavior; Learning; Motivation and Incentives; Mathematical Methods
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      LaFollette, Kyle J., Janni Yuval, Roey Schurr, David Melnikoff, and Amit Goldenberg. "Data-driven Equation Discovery Reveals Nonlinear Reinforcement Learning in Humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122, no. 31 (August 5, 2025).
      • 2025
      • Article

      Difference-in-Differences Subset Scan

      By: Will Stamey, Sriram Somanchi and Edward McFowland III
      Difference-in-differences (DiD) has been extensively applied in the literature to elicit the average causal effect of an intervention or policy. Though researchers explore heterogeneity in the treatment effect with respect to time or some observed covariate (usually... View Details
      Keywords: Research; Analytics and Data Science
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      Stamey, Will, Sriram Somanchi, and Edward McFowland III. "Difference-in-Differences Subset Scan." Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining 31st (2025): 2656–2667.
      • July 2025
      • Article

      Reputation Burning: Analyzing the Impact of Brand Sponsorship on Social Influencers

      By: Mengjie Cheng and Shunyuan Zhang
      The growth of the influencer marketing industry warrants an empirical examination of the effect of posting sponsored videos on influencers' reputations. We collected a novel dataset of user-generated YouTube videos created by prominent English-speaking influencers in... View Details
      Keywords: Reputation; Mathematical Methods; Marketing Reference Programs; Social Media; Brands and Branding
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      Cheng, Mengjie, and Shunyuan Zhang. "Reputation Burning: Analyzing the Impact of Brand Sponsorship on Social Influencers." Management Science 71, no. 7 (July 2025): 5910–5932.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science

      By: Fabio Bertolotti, Kyle R. Myers and Wei Yang Tham
      We develop a method to estimate producers’ productivity beliefs in settings where output quantities and input prices are unobservable, and we use it to evaluate allocative efficiency in the market for science. Our model of researchers’ labor supply shows that their... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Productivity; Perception; Research
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      Bertolotti, Fabio, Kyle R. Myers, and Wei Yang Tham. "Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-063, June 2025.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Branch-and-Price for Prescriptive Contagion Analytics

      By: Alexandre Jacquillat, Michael Lingzhi Li, Martin Ramé and Kai Wang
      Contagion models are ubiquitous in epidemiology, social sciences, engineering, and management. This paper formulates a prescriptive contagion analytics model where a decision maker allocates shared resources across multiple segments of a population, each governed by... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Mathematical Methods
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      Jacquillat, Alexandre, Michael Lingzhi Li, Martin Ramé, and Kai Wang. "Branch-and-Price for Prescriptive Contagion Analytics." Operations Research 73, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 1558–1580.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Slowly Varying Regression Under Sparsity

      By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Vassilis Digalakis Jr, Michael Lingzhi Li and Omar Skali Lami
      We consider the problem of parameter estimation in slowly varying regression models with sparsity constraints. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer optimization problem and demonstrate that it can be reformulated exactly as a binary convex optimization problem... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
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      Bertsimas, Dimitris, Vassilis Digalakis Jr, Michael Lingzhi Li, and Omar Skali Lami. "Slowly Varying Regression Under Sparsity." Operations Research 73, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 1581–1597.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      Transitioning Into Retirement: The Interplay of Self and Life Structure

      By: Marcy Crary, Douglas T. (Tim) Hall, Kathy E. Kram, Teresa M. Amabile and Lotte Bailyn
      This paper explores the psychological, social, and behavioral ways in which professionals end their corporate careers and reorient themselves and their lives in the transition from employment to retirement. Framed within life course theory, specifically the adult... View Details
      Keywords: Retirement; Behavior; Transition; Identity
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      Crary, Marcy, Douglas T. (Tim) Hall, Kathy E. Kram, Teresa M. Amabile, and Lotte Bailyn. "Transitioning Into Retirement: The Interplay of Self and Life Structure." Working, Aging and Retirement 11, no. 2 (April 2025): 175–196.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Incentive-Compatible Recovery from Manipulated Signals, with Applications to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure

      By: Jason Milionis, Jens Ernstberger, Joseph Bonneau, Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
      We introduce the first formal model capturing the elicitation of unverifiable information from a party (the "source") with implicit signals derived by other players (the "observers"). Our model is motivated in part by applications in decentralized physical... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Infrastructure; Information Infrastructure
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      Milionis, Jason, Jens Ernstberger, Joseph Bonneau, Scott Duke Kominers, and Tim Roughgarden. "Incentive-Compatible Recovery from Manipulated Signals, with Applications to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work?

      By: Zoë B. Cullen, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      We estimate the value employees place on remote work using revealed preferences in a high-stakes, real-world context, focusing on U.S. tech workers. On average, employees are willing to accept a 25% pay cut for partly or fully remote roles. Our estimates are three to... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Compensation and Benefits; Satisfaction; Value; Research
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      Cullen, Zoë B., Bobak Pakzad-Hurson, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "Home Sweet Home: How Much Do Employees Value Remote Work?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33383, January 2025.
      • 2025
      • Article

      Statistical Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Discovered by Generic Machine Learning in Randomized Experiments

      By: Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
      Researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate causal heterogeneity in randomized experiments. Despite their promise, ML algorithms may fail to accurately ascertain heterogeneous treatment effects under practical settings with... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
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      Imai, Kosuke, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Statistical Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Discovered by Generic Machine Learning in Randomized Experiments." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 43, no. 1 (2025): 256–268.
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Respect for Improvements and Comparative Statics in Matching Markets

      By: Scott Duke Kominers
      One of the oldest results in the theory of two-sided matching is the entry comparative static, which shows that under the Gale–Shapley deferred acceptance algorithm, adding a new agent to one side of the market makes all the agents on the other side weakly... View Details
      Keywords: Market Entry and Exit; Marketplace Matching; Mathematical Methods; Market Design
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      Kominers, Scott Duke. "Respect for Improvements and Comparative Statics in Matching Markets." Journal of Mechanism and Institution Design 9, no. 1 (December 2024): 83–104.
      • November 2024
      • Article

      Preference Externality Estimators: A Comparison of Border Approaches and IVs

      By: Xi Ling, Wesley R. Hartmann and Tomomichi Amano
      This paper compares two estimators—the Border Approach and an Instrumental Variable (IV) estimator—using a unified framework where identifying variation arises from “preference externalities,” following the intuition in Waldfogel (2003). We highlight two dimensions in... View Details
      Keywords: Econometrics; Casual Inference; Marketing; Economics; Advertising; Mathematical Methods
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      Ling, Xi, Wesley R. Hartmann, and Tomomichi Amano. "Preference Externality Estimators: A Comparison of Border Approaches and IVs." Management Science 70, no. 11 (November 2024): 7892–7910.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Pitfalls of Demographic Forecasts of U.S. Elections

      By: Richard Calvo, Vincent Pons and Jesse M. Shapiro
      Many observers have forecast large partisan shifts in the US electorate based on demographic trends. Such forecasts are appealing because demographic trends are often predictable even over long horizons. We backtest demographic forecasts using data on US elections... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Voting; Political Elections; Trends; Forecasting and Prediction; Demographics
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      Calvo, Richard, Vincent Pons, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Pitfalls of Demographic Forecasts of U.S. Elections." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33016, October 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Empirical Guidance: Data Processing and Analysis with Applications in Stata, R, and Python

      By: Melissa Ouellet and Michael W. Toffel
      This paper describes a range of best practices to compile and analyze datasets, and includes some examples in Stata, R, and Python. It is meant to serve as a reference for those getting started in econometrics, and especially those seeking to conduct data analyses in... View Details
      Keywords: Empirical Methods; Empirical Operations; Statistical Methods And Machine Learning; Statistical Interferences; Research Analysts; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods
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      Ouellet, Melissa, and Michael W. Toffel. "Empirical Guidance: Data Processing and Analysis with Applications in Stata, R, and Python." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-010, August 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The New Digital Divide

      By: Mayana Pereira, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia and Juan Lavista Ferres
      We build and analyze new metrics of digital usage that leverage telemetry data collected by Microsoft during operating system updates across forty million Windows devices in U.S. households. These measures of US household digital usage are much more comprehensive than... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Measurement and Metrics; Geographic Location; Behavior; Technology Adoption; Demographics
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      Pereira, Mayana, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia, and Juan Lavista Ferres. "The New Digital Divide." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32932, September 2024.
      • 2024
      • Case

      EPCorp: What Story Does the Data Tell?

      By: Jacob M. Cook
      In EPCorp: What Story Does the Data Tell?, the Quick Case begins with Shivani Bahl researching problems with her company's website so that she can begin to analyze which option would help EPCorp most: selling all its products on Amazon or improving its own data... View Details
      Keywords: Distribution Channels; E-commerce; Analytics and Data Science; Decision Making
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      Cook, Jacob M. "EPCorp: What Story Does the Data Tell?" Harvard Business Publishing Case, 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      People, Practices, and Productivity: A Review of New Advances in Personnel Economics

      By: Mitchell Hoffman and Christopher T. Stanton
      This chapter surveys recent advances in personnel economics. We begin by presenting evidence showing substantial and persistent productivity variation among workers in the same roles. We discuss new research on incentives and compensation; hiring practices; the... View Details
      Keywords: Employees; Labor
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      Hoffman, Mitchell, and Christopher T. Stanton. "People, Practices, and Productivity: A Review of New Advances in Personnel Economics." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32849, August 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions

      By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Iavor I. Bojinov and Fiammetta Menchetti
      Researchers have embraced factorial experiments to simultaneously evaluate multiple treatments, each with different levels. Typically, in large-scale factorial experiments, the primary objective is identifying the treatment with the largest causal effect, especially... View Details
      Keywords: Factorial Designs; Fisher Randomizations; Rank Estimators; Employer Interventions; Causal Inference; Mathematical Methods; Performance Improvement
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      DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Iavor I. Bojinov, and Fiammetta Menchetti. "Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-075, June 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
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