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  • All HBS Web  (14,369)
    • People  (33)
    • News  (2,585)
    • Research  (9,545)
    • Events  (104)
    • Multimedia  (141)
  • Faculty Publications  (7,423)
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  • January 2023 (Revised January 2023)
  • Case

Belden and Digital Transformation: From Product Sales to Solutions Sales

By: Frank V. Cespedes and Amy Klopfenstein
This case concerns the industrial automation division at Belden, a hardware manufacturer. While Belden historically sold products such as cables, wires, and other networking devices, EVP of Industrial Automation Ashish Chand recognized that IT vendors were entering the... View Details
Keywords: Implementation; Sales Cycle; Digital Transformation; Sales; Product Positioning; Business Model; Market Entry and Exit; Customer Focus and Relationships; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Supply and Industry; Technology Industry; North America; United States
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Cespedes, Frank V., and Amy Klopfenstein. "Belden and Digital Transformation: From Product Sales to Solutions Sales." Harvard Business School Case 823-002, January 2023. (Revised January 2023.)
  • September 2016 (Revised February 2017)
  • Case

ZenRecruit: Sales Coaching and Performance Reviews

By: Mark Roberge
Amara Kaggwa leads the small but rapidly expanding sales team at ZenRecruit, a recruiting software application used by small businesses. Armed with six months of sales performance metrics, Kaggwa is preparing for her monthly performance conversations with two... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Marketing; Entrepreneurial Sales; Entrepreneurial Sales And Marketing; Marketing; Entrepreneurship; Sales
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Roberge, Mark. "ZenRecruit: Sales Coaching and Performance Reviews." Harvard Business School Case 817-041, September 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
  • July 2024
  • Article

AI, ROI, and Sales Productivity

By: Frank V. Cespedes
Artificial intelligence (AI) is now a loose term for many different things and at the peak of its hype curve. So managers hitch-their-pitch to the term in arguing for resources. But like any technology, its business value depends upon actionable use cases embraced by... View Details
Keywords: ROI; AI and Machine Learning; Sales; Investment Return
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Cespedes, Frank V. "AI, ROI, and Sales Productivity." Top Sales Magazine (July 2024), 12–13.
  • April 2021
  • Article

The Effects of Quota Frequency: Sales Performance and Product Focus

By: Doug J. Chung, Das Narayandas and Dongkyu Chang
This study investigates the comprehensive and multidimensional effects of quota (goal) frequency on sales force performance. We develop a theory of salespeople’s behavior—aggregate effort and the product type focus—in response to the temporal length of a sales-quota... View Details
Keywords: Sales Force Compensation; Field Experiment; Quotas; Quota Frequency; Commissions; Bonuses; Goals; Salesforce Management; Compensation and Benefits; Goals and Objectives; Behavior; Performance
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Chung, Doug J., Das Narayandas, and Dongkyu Chang. "The Effects of Quota Frequency: Sales Performance and Product Focus." Management Science 67, no. 4 (April 2021): 2151–2170.
  • July 2023
  • Teaching Note

Belden and Digital Transformation: From Product Sales to Solutions Sales

By: Frank V. Cespedes
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 823-002. Belden manufactures devices such as switches, cables, adapters, and connectors. Faced with market changes, the firm initiated a new Enhanced Solutions Delivery (ESD) initiative. In November 2022 executives are evaluating the... View Details
Keywords: Change Management; Digital Transformation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Sales; Marketing Channels; Manufacturing Industry
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Cespedes, Frank V. "Belden and Digital Transformation: From Product Sales to Solutions Sales." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 823-130, July 2023.
  • 2014
  • Other Teaching and Training Material

Marketing Reading: Sales Force Design and Management

By: Doug J. Chung and Das Narayandas
This Core Curriculum Reading introduces students to (1) the importance of sales force design in implementing organizational strategy, and (2) the role of sales force management in linking structures and processes to behaviors. The material combines theoretical... View Details
Keywords: Sales Budget; Sales Compensation; Sales Cycle; Sales Force Management; Sales Forces; Sales Management; Sales Operations; Sales Organization; Sales Planning; Sales Strategy
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Chung, Doug J., and Das Narayandas. "Marketing Reading: Sales Force Design and Management." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston: Harvard Business Publishing 8213, 2014.
  • May 2018
  • Article

Selection and Market Reallocation: Productivity Gains from Multinational Production

By: Laura Alfaro and Maggie X. Chen
Assessing the productivity gains from multinational production has been a vital topic of economic research and policy debate. Positive aggregate productivity gains are often attributed to within-firm productivity improvement; however, an alternative, less emphasized... View Details
Keywords: Productivity Gains; Multinational Production; Selection; Market Reallocation; And Within-firm Productivity; Multinational Firms and Management; Production; Performance Productivity; Competition; Mathematical Methods
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Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie X. Chen. "Selection and Market Reallocation: Productivity Gains from Multinational Production." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10, no. 2 (May 2018): 1–38. (Also NBER Working Paper 18207. See Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12–111, 2015 for longer version.)
  • August 2018
  • Case

Performance Improvement Consulting and Hi-R-Me: Making Sales Calls

By: Frank V. Cespedes and David Mattson
This case study focuses on a professional services firm (“Performance Improvement Consulting”) and its sales calls on Hi-R-Me, a potential client. The case is supplemented by videos showing the initial contact call, a follow-up discovery call, and a face-to-face... View Details
Keywords: Sales Calls; Sales; Competency and Skills
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Cespedes, Frank V., and David Mattson. "Performance Improvement Consulting and Hi-R-Me: Making Sales Calls." Harvard Business School Case 819-043, August 2018.
  • March 2021
  • Teaching Note

Performance Improvement Consulting and Hi-R-Me: Making Sales Calls

By: Frank V. Cespedes
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 819-043. This case study focuses on concepts, tools, and behaviors relevant to making sales calls along a typical progression with a prospect: from an initial phone call thru more in-depth discovery to a go/no-go meeting. The teaching... View Details
Keywords: Sales Calls; Sales; Competency and Skills
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Cespedes, Frank V. "Performance Improvement Consulting and Hi-R-Me: Making Sales Calls." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 821-079, March 2021.
  • June 2020
  • Supplement

New Product Sales Solution

By: E. Ofek
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Ofek, E. "New Product Sales Solution." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 520-716, June 2020.
  • June 2020
  • Supplement

New Product Sales Data

By: E. Ofek
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Ofek, E. "New Product Sales Data." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 520-715, June 2020.
  • February 2016 (Revised August 2020)
  • Case

InsightSquared: Developing the Sales and Marketing Plan

By: Mark Roberge, Tom Eisenmann and Frank Cespedes
Fred Shilmover and Sam Clemens prepared for their fourth quarter board meeting. They were excited to have scaled their software startup, InsightSquared, to $2 million in revenue and secured an $8 million round of venture capital. However, they disagreed on the path... View Details
Keywords: Sales Planning; Applications and Software; Marketing; Sales; Planning; Growth and Development Strategy
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Roberge, Mark, Tom Eisenmann, and Frank Cespedes. "InsightSquared: Developing the Sales and Marketing Plan." Harvard Business School Case 816-074, February 2016. (Revised August 2020.)
  • February 2016 (Revised April 2019)
  • Supplement

InsightSquared: Developing the Sales and Marketing Plan Courseware

By: Mark N. Roberge
These are Excel spreadsheets of Exhibit 3-6 from the InsightSquared: Developing the Sales and Marketing Plan case #816074. View Details
Keywords: Sales Strategy; Strategy; Sales
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Roberge, Mark N. "InsightSquared: Developing the Sales and Marketing Plan Courseware." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 816-703, February 2016. (Revised April 2019.)

    The Effects of Quota Frequency: Sales Performance and Product Focus

    This study investigates the comprehensive and multidimensional effects of quota (goal) frequency on sales force performance. The study provides a theory of salespeople’s behavior—aggregate effort and the product type focus—in response to the temporal length of a... View Details
    • March 2020 (Revised October 2020)
    • Module Note

    Sales Force Compensation

    By: Doug J. Chung
    The author developed this note for scholars, educators, and practitioners that are interested in sales force compensation. It is based on the author’s investigations across a variety of organizations in multiple industries and provides a conceptual framework for the... View Details
    Keywords: Sales Strategy; Sales Force Management; Sales Compensation; Salary; Commissions; Bonuses; Quota Setting/updating; Quota Frequency; Extrinsic Vs Intrinsic Motivation; Salesforce Management; Compensation and Benefits; Strategy
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    Chung, Doug J. "Sales Force Compensation." Harvard Business School Module Note 520-084, March 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
    • TeachingInterests

    Product Management

    By: Sara McKinley Torti

    A Product Manager is obsessed with the problem their product tries to solve and works to both define the product’s functional requirements and lead cross-functional teams to develop, launch and improve their product over time. Taught by an experienced former Google... View Details

    • January 2017 (Revised April 2018)
    • Background Note

    Introduction to Incentive-based Sales Compensation Systems

    By: Willy Shih
    This background note explains the structure of incentive-based sales compensation systems. View Details
    Keywords: Sales Compensation; Sales Force Compensation; Sales Force Management; Sales; Salesforce Management; Compensation and Benefits; Motivation and Incentives; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; United States
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    Shih, Willy. "Introduction to Incentive-based Sales Compensation Systems." Harvard Business School Background Note 617-037, January 2017. (Revised April 2018.)
    • July 2016 (Revised October 2016)
    • Case

    Entrepreneurial Sales and Marketing Vignettes

    By: Mark Roberge and Frank Cespedes
    Which sales candidate is a startup’s ideal first hire? What marketing channels are best to invest in? How aggressively should an executive team align sales with customer success? Early stage founders, sales leaders, and marketing executives often face one, and... View Details
    Keywords: Entrepreneurial Marketing; Entrepreneurial Sales; Business Startups; Talent; Talent Management; Growth Management; Marketing Communications; Social Marketing; Salesforce Management; Pricing; Sales; Marketing
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    Roberge, Mark, and Frank Cespedes. "Entrepreneurial Sales and Marketing Vignettes." Harvard Business School Case 817-010, July 2016. (Revised October 2016.)
    • November 2014
    • Case

    Ardian—The Sale of Diana

    By: Paul A. Gompers and Michael Roberts
    The case focuses on a European private equity firm—Ardian—and the process it uses to sell one of its portfolio companies, and the decisions around that sale. Key issues include the choice of an auction or acceptance of a pre-emptive bid, and the role of the portfolio... View Details
    Keywords: Spin-out; Exit; Sale; Private Equity; France
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    Gompers, Paul A., and Michael Roberts. "Ardian—The Sale of Diana." Harvard Business School Case 215-033, November 2014.
    • Article

    Four Ways to Build a Productive Sales Culture

    By: Frank V. Cespedes and Steven Maughan
    This article distinguishes sales efficiency (SE) initiatives (e.g., CRM, training, and KPI dashboards) from sales optimization (SO) decisions (e.g., aligning sales tasks with business strategy, customer selection, and deployment of sales resources across... View Details
    Keywords: Strategy; Sales
    Citation
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    Cespedes, Frank V., and Steven Maughan. "Four Ways to Build a Productive Sales Culture." Top Sales Magazine (July 14, 2015), 15–17.
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