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      • August 2025
      • Case

      Must B Nutty?

      By: Christina Wallace, Martha Hostetter and Alicia Dadlani
      Veronica and Miguel Garza, siblings from a large Mexican-American family from Texas, founded a company in 2014 to sell the almond-flour tortillas Veronica had developed to fit her grain-free diet. Their company, Must Be Nutty, tapped into growing demand for... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Valuation; Family Business; Family Ownership; Small Business; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Distribution Channels; Market Entry and Exit; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Wallace, Christina, Martha Hostetter, and Alicia Dadlani. "Must B Nutty?" Harvard Business School Case 826-004, August 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Case

      Elon Musk, 2025: The Master of Big Bets?

      By: David B. Yoffie
      This case explores Elon Musk’s influence across business and politics in 2025, as he navigates the challenges of simultaneously leading multiple companies, such as Tesla, SpaceX, and xAI, while briefly serving in the U.S. government. It examines Musk’s high-stakes bets... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Strategy And Leadership; Technological Innovation; Politics; Auto Industry
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      Yoffie, David B. "Elon Musk, 2025: The Master of Big Bets?" Harvard Business School Case 726-357, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Background Note

      Ecosystem Disruption: A Multi-Stakeholder View of Disruptive Innovations

      By: E. Ofek, Michael Haenlein, Eitan Muller and Roman Welden
      The purpose of this note is to offer a more expansive view of how innovations disrupt markets than has been portrayed thus far in the extant literature by taking an ecosystem perspective. This broader outlook allows examining not only the product strategies of the... View Details
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      Ofek, E., Michael Haenlein, Eitan Muller, and Roman Welden. "Ecosystem Disruption: A Multi-Stakeholder View of Disruptive Innovations." Harvard Business School Background Note 526-002, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Case

      AeroVironment: The MacCready Works Dilemma

      By: Willy Shih and Sophie Zimmerman
      Scott Newbern, the head of the MacCready Works at AeroVironment (AV) faced a dilemma. The new Strix next-generation drone had just completed a very successful test. AV had launched MacCready Works to focus on transformational innovations that served new markets and new... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Dynamics; Innovation; Innovation Adoption; Organization Alignment; Organization Design; Organization Boundaries; Disruptive Innovation; Disruptive Innovations; Disruptive Technologies; Aerospace Industry; United States
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      Shih, Willy, and Sophie Zimmerman. "AeroVironment: The MacCready Works Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 626-001, July 2025.
      • Article

      Using Gen AI for Early-Stage Market Research

      By: James Brand, Ayelet Israeli and Donald Ngwe
      Generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), offers a promising new tool for early-stage market research by simulating customer responses to product concepts. This can allow companies to draw conclusions similar to those they’d obtain by surveying... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Models; Large Language Model; Generative Ai; Artificial Intelligence; Market Research; Research; Marketing; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Customers; Consumer Behavior; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Brand, James, Ayelet Israeli, and Donald Ngwe. "Using Gen AI for Early-Stage Market Research." Harvard Business Review (website) (July 18, 2025).
      • July–August 2025
      • Article

      Don’t Let an AI Failure Harm Your Brand

      By: Julian De Freitas
      How companies market their AI systems affects the repercussions they face when their products fail. Marketers must promote their AI products with potential failure in mind. To do that, they must first understand consumers’ unique attitudes toward AI. Marketers who... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Attitudes
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      De Freitas, Julian. "Don’t Let an AI Failure Harm Your Brand." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 4 (July–August 2025): 126–133.
      • July 2025
      • Article

      Reputation Burning: Analyzing the Impact of Brand Sponsorship on Social Influencers

      By: Mengjie Cheng and Shunyuan Zhang
      The growth of the influencer marketing industry warrants an empirical examination of the effect of posting sponsored videos on influencers' reputations. We collected a novel dataset of user-generated YouTube videos created by prominent English-speaking influencers in... View Details
      Keywords: Reputation; Mathematical Methods; Marketing Reference Programs; Social Media; Brands and Branding
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      Cheng, Mengjie, and Shunyuan Zhang. "Reputation Burning: Analyzing the Impact of Brand Sponsorship on Social Influencers." Management Science 71, no. 7 (July 2025): 5910–5932.
      • July 2025
      • Module Note

      Supply and Demand for Strategists

      By: Quan Le
      This module note introduces students to the foundational microeconomic principles of supply and demand. It uses the example of an aluminum plant (specifically, production quantity and shutdown decisions) to discuss short-run vs. long-run decisions, marginal costs, sunk... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Business or Company Management; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Cost of Capital; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Making; Decisions; Demand and Consumers; Economics; Economic Systems; For-Profit Firms; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Markets; Metals and Minerals; Microeconomics; Price; Revenue; Strategy; Supply and Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Le, Quan. "Supply and Demand for Strategists." Harvard Business School Module Note 726-352, July 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      Parque del Sendero: Repositioning in the Death Care Industry in Chile

      By: Jill Avery, Andres Cuneo and Marco Bertini
      Facing changing consumer behavior and shifting industry conditions, Parque del Sendero, one of largest networks of cemeteries in Chile, considers repositioning its products to appeal to a broader swath of Chilean customers to fuel growth and a more profitable business... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Positioning; Branding; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Service Industry; Real Estate Industry; Chile
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      Avery, Jill, Andres Cuneo, and Marco Bertini. "Parque del Sendero: Repositioning in the Death Care Industry in Chile." Harvard Business School Case 525-064, June 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science

      By: Fabio Bertolotti, Kyle R. Myers and Wei Yang Tham
      We develop a method to estimate producers’ productivity beliefs in settings where output quantities and input prices are unobservable, and we use it to evaluate allocative efficiency in the market for science. Our model of researchers’ labor supply shows that their... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Productivity; Perception; Research
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      Bertolotti, Fabio, Kyle R. Myers, and Wei Yang Tham. "Productivity Beliefs and Efficiency in Science." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-063, June 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions

      By: Isamar Troncoso, Frank V. Cespedes and Stacy Straaberg
      Education technology (edtech) company TagHive, founded in 2017, used a direct sales team and third-party distributors to sell its Class Saathi hardware and software solution to 300 clients, mainly primary and secondary schools in India. The product aimed to improve... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Social Marketing; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Adoption; Education; Teaching; Price; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development; Technological Innovation; Education Industry; Technology Industry; India; South Korea
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      Troncoso, Isamar, Frank V. Cespedes, and Stacy Straaberg. "TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions." Harvard Business School Case 525-001, June 2025.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces

      By: Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu and Antonio Moreno
      Most online sales worldwide take place in marketplaces that connect sellers and buyers. The presence of numerous third-party sellers leads to a proliferation of listings for each product, making it difficult for customers to choose between the available options. Online... View Details
      Keywords: Algorithms; Marketplaces; Marketplace Matching; E-commerce; Demand and Consumers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Market Participation; Technology Adoption
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      Gallino, Santiago, Nil Karacaoglu, and Antonio Moreno. "Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 27, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 917–934.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Balancing Digital Safety and Innovation

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Tomomi Tanaka
      Designers of consumer-facing digital products have tended to focus on novelty and speed (“move fast and break things”). They’ve spent more effort on innovating than on anticipating how customers—and bad actors—might engage with products. But as digital products become... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Cybersecurity; Demand and Consumers; Safety
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Tomomi Tanaka. "Balancing Digital Safety and Innovation." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 120–127.
      • Summer 2025
      • Article

      Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships

      By: Cristian Chica, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas and Jorge Tamayo
      A competitive two-period membership (subscription) market is analyzed. Two symmetric firms charge a “membership” fee that allows consumers to buy products or services at a given unit price for both periods. Firms can choose between long- or short-term memberships. When... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Price Discrimination; Membership; Dynamic Competition; Competition; Price; Consumer Behavior; Business Model
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      Chica, Cristian, Julian Jimenez-Cardenas, and Jorge Tamayo. "Dynamic Competition for Customer Memberships." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 34, no. 2 (Summer 2025): 525–556.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      Initial Financial Statements at Blank Corporation: Bridging Content and Commerce

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Panje Jayden Kim and David Allen
      This accounting case is intended to teach students how to compile an income statement, a balance sheet, and a cash flow statement. It focuses on Blank Corporation, an innovative South Korean company that bridged content and commerce by selling products directly through... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Financial Statements; Business Startups; Social Media; Advertising; Digital Marketing; Cash Flow; Consumer Products Industry; South Korea
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Panje Jayden Kim, and David Allen. "Initial Financial Statements at Blank Corporation: Bridging Content and Commerce ." Harvard Business School Case 125-021, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA

      By: Juan Alcacer and Noor Al Qadhi
      Boutiqaat, a Kuwait-based e-commerce platform, scaled an influencer-driven beauty retail model across MENA and now faces critical strategic choices about offline expansion and globalization. Founded in 2015, Boutiqaat combined social commerce, localized logistics, and... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets; Digital Strategy; Growth and Development; Expansion; Global Strategy; Distribution Channels; Business Model; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Retail Industry; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Middle East; North Africa
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Noor Al Qadhi. "Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 725-463, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA

      By: Juan Alcacer and Noor Al Qadhi
      Boutiqaat, a Kuwait-based e-commerce platform, scaled an influencer-driven beauty retail model across MENA and now faces critical strategic choices about offline expansion and globalization. Founded in 2015, Boutiqaat combined social commerce, localized logistics, and... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets; Digital Strategy; Growth and Development; Expansion; Distribution Channels; Global Strategy; Business Model; Market Design; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Retail Industry; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Middle East; North Africa
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Noor Al Qadhi. "Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA." Harvard Business School Case 725-462, May 2025.
      • May 2025 (Revised June 2025)
      • Supplement

      Michael Ku and Global Clinical Supply at Pfizer Inc.: Bringing Hope to Patients (D)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      This fourth installment in the Pfizer Global Clinical Supply (GCS) transformation case series highlights how over a decade of cultural and digital evolution positioned GCS to meet unprecedented global challenges. In 2011, Michael Ku became the Vice President of GCS and... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Research and Development; Science-Based Business; Transformation; Health Pandemics; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Leading Change; Product Launch; Supply Chain; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Alignment; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Health Industry; United States; Asia; Europe; Latin America
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "Michael Ku and Global Clinical Supply at Pfizer Inc.: Bringing Hope to Patients (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 425-079, May 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • May 2025
      • Supplement

      On (B): The Cyclon Spins On

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader and Karen Elterman
      A follow-up to the On case (723-430), this short case explores how the performance athletic shoe company On expanded its Cyclon subscription and recycling program through 2024, adding two new shoe models to the subscription and a one-time-purchase recyclable T-shirt. View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Distribution Channels; Environmental Sustainability; Marketing Strategy; Product Design; Product Development; Technological Innovation; Expansion; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; China; Europe; Germany; Japan; Switzerland; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader, and Karen Elterman. "On (B): The Cyclon Spins On." Harvard Business School Supplement 725-475, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Bank Financing of Global Supply Chains

      By: Laura Alfaro, Mariya Brussevich, Camelia Minoiu and Andrea Presbitero
      Finding new international suppliers is costly, so most importers source inputs from a single country. We examine the role of banks in mitigating trade search costs during the 2018–2019 U.S.-China trade tensions. We match data on shipments to U.S. ports with the U.S.... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Institutions; International Finance; Trade; Credit; United States; Asia
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      Alfaro, Laura, Mariya Brussevich, Camelia Minoiu, and Andrea Presbitero. "Bank Financing of Global Supply Chains." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33754, May 2025.
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