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- All HBS Web
(8,682)
- People (49)
- News (2,309)
- Research (3,757)
- Events (19)
- Multimedia (130)
- Faculty Publications (2,294)
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- August 2021
- Technical Note
Brand You: Crafting Your Personal Brand
By: Jill Avery and Rachel Greenwald
Selling oneself is something that we have to do every day in both professional and personal settings. We face it when we apply for a job, advocate for a promotion or a raise, vie for a leadership position, attempt to land a new client, write a dating profile, or meet a... View Details
Keywords: Personal Brand; Brand Management; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Identity; Opportunities; Talent and Talent Management; Jobs and Positions; Strength and Weakness; Communication
Avery, Jill, and Rachel Greenwald. "Brand You: Crafting Your Personal Brand." Harvard Business School Technical Note 522-031, August 2021.
- Research Summary
Personal Development and Interpersonal Feedback
Enabling individual development and learning are key to enabling organizational success as well as employee satisfaction and engagement. Many organizational approaches to employee development visualize feedback processes as mechanisms for illuminating individual... View Details
- Research Summary
Personal Data in Marketing
By: John A. Deighton
Between 10% and 20% of all marketing activity in the United States, and a smaller proportion internationally, relies on data about individuals, whether personally identifying or pseudonomized. These data flow across a system of established and emerging firms operating... View Details
- Article
The Big Five Personality Traits, Material Values, and Financial Well-being of Self-described Money Managers
By: Grant Edward Donnelly, Ravi Iyer and Ryan Howell
Previous research has linked personality traits, material values, and money management to savings, debt, and compulsive buying. To extend previous research, four online surveys examined the Big Five personality traits and material values of those who manage their money... View Details
Keywords: Values; Personality; Well-being; Personal Characteristics; Values and Beliefs; Personal Finance; Money
Donnelly, Grant Edward, Ravi Iyer, and Ryan Howell. "The Big Five Personality Traits, Material Values, and Financial Well-being of Self-described Money Managers." Journal of Economic Psychology 33, no. 6 (December 2012): 1129–1144.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Personalization and Targeting: How to Experiment, Learn & Optimize
By: Aurelie Lemmens, Jason M.T. Roos, Sebastian Gabel, Eva Ascarza, Hernan Bruno, Elea McDonnell Feit, Brett Gordon, Ayelet Israeli, Carl F. Mela and Oded Netzer
Personalization has become the heartbeat of modern marketing. Advances in causal inference and machine learning enable companies to understand how the same marketing action can impact the choices of individual customers differently. This article provides an academic... View Details
Keywords: Personalization; Targeting; Experiments; Observational Studies; Policy Implementation; Policy Evaluation; Customization and Personalization; Marketing Strategy; AI and Machine Learning
Lemmens, Aurelie, Jason M.T. Roos, Sebastian Gabel, Eva Ascarza, Hernan Bruno, Elea McDonnell Feit, Brett Gordon, Ayelet Israeli, Carl F. Mela, and Oded Netzer. "Personalization and Targeting: How to Experiment, Learn & Optimize." Working Paper, June 2024.
- July 2018
- Article
Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature
By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and Tina Xu
We review the extensive literature since 2000 on the personality traits of entrepreneurs. We first consider baseline personality traits like the Big-5 model, self-efficacy and innovativeness, locus of control, and the need for achievement. We then consider risk... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurs; Venturing; Personality Traits; Characteristics; Big-5; Risk Attitudes; Goals; Skills; Entrepreneurship; Personal Characteristics; Goals and Objectives; Competency and Skills; Success; Demographics; Research
Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr, and Tina Xu. "Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature." Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 279–356.
- May–June 2023
- Article
A New Approach to Building Your Personal Brand: How to Communicate Your Value
By: Jill Avery and Rachel Greenwald
For better or worse, in today’s world everyone is a brand. Whether you’re applying for a job, asking for a promotion, or writing a dating profile, your success will depend on getting others to recognize your value. So you need to get comfortable marketing... View Details
Keywords: Personal Brand; Influencer Marketing; Leadership Development; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Identity; Reputation; Competency and Skills
Avery, Jill, and Rachel Greenwald. "A New Approach to Building Your Personal Brand: How to Communicate Your Value." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 3 (May–June 2023): 147–151.
- January 2015 (Revised April 2015)
- Case
Zeal: Launching Personalized and Social Learning
By: John J-H Kim and Christine S. An
Set in 2014, this case follows John Danner and his team at Zeal as they consider their product development strategy. In February 2013, serial entrepreneurs John Danner and Sanjay Noronha co-found Zeal, an education technology start up providing a web-based, mobile... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Education Technology; MVP; Product Development; Product Market Fit; Monetization Strategy; SaaS Business Models; Education; Personalized Learning
Kim, John J-H, and Christine S. An. "Zeal: Launching Personalized and Social Learning." Harvard Business School Case 315-052, January 2015. (Revised April 2015.)
- July 2021
- Article
Making Medications Stick: Improving Medication Adherence by Highlighting the Personal Health Costs of Non-compliance
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Joe J. Gladstone, Dan Berry, Charlotte L. Kirkdale, Tracey Thornley and Adam D. Galinsky
Poor compliance of prescription medication is an ongoing public health crisis. Nearly half of patients do not take their medication as prescribed, harming their own health while also increasing public health care costs. Despite these detrimental consequences, prior... View Details
Keywords: Prescription Drugs; Medication Adherence; Personal Health Costs; Health; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Communication Strategy
Jachimowicz, Jon M., Joe J. Gladstone, Dan Berry, Charlotte L. Kirkdale, Tracey Thornley, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Making Medications Stick: Improving Medication Adherence by Highlighting the Personal Health Costs of Non-compliance." Behavioural Public Policy 5, no. 3 (July 2021): 396–416.
- Research Summary
Personal Productivity
He is working on a short book advising professionals on how to increase their productivity -- the quality and quantity of their output, as opposed to their hours. The book grows out of an article he published on the subject in the Harvard Business Review
View Details- 2024
- Working Paper
Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization
This paper introduces Incrementality Representation Learning (IRL), a novel multitask representation learning framework that predicts heterogeneous causal effects of marketing interventions. By leveraging past experiments, IRL efficiently designs and targets... View Details
Keywords: Heterogeneous Treatment Effect; Multi-task Learning; Representation Learning; Personalization; Promotion; Deep Learning; Field Experiments; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customization and Personalization
Huang, Ta-Wei, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Incrementality Representation Learning: Synergizing Past Experiments for Intervention Personalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-076, June 2024.
- Article
Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
An inherent risk of algorithmic personalization is disproportionate targeting of individuals from certain groups (or demographic characteristics such as gender or race), even when the decision maker does not intend to discriminate based on those “protected”... View Details
Keywords: Algorithm Bias; Personalization; Targeting; Generalized Random Forests (GRF); Discrimination; Customization and Personalization; Decision Making; Fairness; Mathematical Methods
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)." e2115126119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 11 (March 8, 2022).
- April 2009 (Revised July 2009)
- Module Note
Delivering Personally on Responsibility
How can individuals equip themselves to exercise leadership in the face of moral adversity? This six-session module aims to prepare students to meet moral responsibility when it is simultaneously most essential and most difficult. Moral adversity refers to situations... View Details
Margolis, Joshua D. "Delivering Personally on Responsibility." Harvard Business School Module Note 409-093, April 2009. (Revised July 2009.)
- March 2025
- Article
Is Personal Identity Intransitive?
By: J. De Freitas and L. J. Rips
There has been a call for a potentially revolutionary change to our existing understanding of the psychological concept of personal identity. Apparently, people can psychologically represent people, including themselves, as multiple individuals at the same time. Here... View Details
De Freitas, J., and L. J. Rips. "Is Personal Identity Intransitive?" Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 154, no. 3 (March 2025): 775–786.
- January 2021
- Article
How Personality and Policy Predict Pandemic Behavior: Understanding Sheltering-in-Place in 55 Countries at the Onset of COVID-19
By: Friedrich M. Götz, Andrés Gvirtz, Adam D. Galinsky and Jon M. Jachimowicz
The spread of COVID-19 within any given country or community at the onset of the pandemic depended in part on the sheltering-in-place rate of its citizens. The pandemic led us to revisit one of psychology’s most fundamental and most basic questions in a high-stakes... View Details
Keywords: COVID; COVID-19; Pandemic; Shelter-in-place; Personality; Government; Interactionism; Health Pandemics; Behavior; Personal Characteristics; Policy; Governance Compliance
Götz, Friedrich M., Andrés Gvirtz, Adam D. Galinsky, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "How Personality and Policy Predict Pandemic Behavior: Understanding Sheltering-in-Place in 55 Countries at the Onset of COVID-19." American Psychologist 76, no. 1 (January 2021): 39–49.
- 2016
- Working Paper
CEO Personality and Firm Policies
By: Ian D. Gow, Steven N. Kaplan, David F. Larcker and Anastasia A. Zakolyukina
Based on two samples of high quality personality data for chief executive officers (CEOs), we use linguistic features extracted from conferences calls and statistical learning techniques to develop a measure of CEO personality in terms of the Big Five traits:... View Details
Gow, Ian D., Steven N. Kaplan, David F. Larcker, and Anastasia A. Zakolyukina. "CEO Personality and Firm Policies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22435, July 2016.
- January 2004 (Revised April 2005)
- Background Note
Personal Values and Professional Responsibilities
Describes some of the classic conflicts managers face in trying to live and work by their personal values and uses Hirschman's "exit, loyalty, and voice" framework to suggest ways for resolving these conflicts. View Details
Keywords: Values and Beliefs; Personal Development and Career; Conflict of Interests; Conflict and Resolution
Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr. "Personal Values and Professional Responsibilities." Harvard Business School Background Note 304-070, January 2004. (Revised April 2005.)
- 1999
- Article
Computers with Personalities
By: Y. Moon
Moon, Y. "Computers with Personalities." Advances in Consumer Research 26 (1999).
- August 1984 (Revised March 1989)
- Background Note
Direct, Personal Leadership
By: Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. and Richard R. Ellsworth
Argues that to be effective leaders, general managers must focus on substance, not process, and aggressively combat the forces that can lead to the politicization of the organization. Examines the leader's direct role in setting and communicating goals, managing the... View Details
Badaracco, Joseph L., Jr., and Richard R. Ellsworth. "Direct, Personal Leadership." Harvard Business School Background Note 385-107, August 1984. (Revised March 1989.)