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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,150)
      • Faculty Publications  (139)

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      • 2025
      • Article

      Punitive but Discerning: Reputation Can Fuel Ambiguously-Deserved Punishment, but Does Not Erode Sensitivity to Nuance

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Nour S. Kteily
      The desire to appear virtuous can motivate people to punish wrongdoers, a desirable outcome when punishment is clearly deserved. Yet claims that “virtue signaling” is fueling a culture of outrage suggest that reputation concerns may inspire even potentially unmerited... View Details
      Keywords: Outrage; Signaling; Ideology; Moralistic Punishment; Reputation; Moral Sensibility
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Nour S. Kteily. "Punitive but Discerning: Reputation Can Fuel Ambiguously-Deserved Punishment, but Does Not Erode Sensitivity to Nuance." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 128, no. 5 (2025): 1072–1102.
      • June 2025
      • Article

      What Board-level Control Mechanisms Changed in Banks Following the 2008 Financial Crisis? A Descriptive Study

      By: Shelly Li, Shivram Rajgopal, Suraj Srinivasan and Yu Ting Forester Wong
      Following the 2008 financial crisis, the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) identified major shortcomings in bank board governance, contributing to systemic risk management failures. This study adapts a management control framework and empirically examines... View Details
      Keywords: Board Of Directors; Management Control; Governing and Advisory Boards; Governance Controls; Risk Management; Change Management; Banks and Banking; Financial Crisis
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      Li, Shelly, Shivram Rajgopal, Suraj Srinivasan, and Yu Ting Forester Wong. "What Board-level Control Mechanisms Changed in Banks Following the 2008 Financial Crisis? A Descriptive Study." Art. 101596. Accounting, Organizations and Society 114 (June 2025).
      • 2025
      • Chapter

      Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts

      By: Sarah Holmes Berk, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi and David Laibson
      We study the introduction of a choice architecture design intended to increase short-term savings among employees at five U.K. firms. Employees were offered the opportunity to opt into a payroll deduction program that auto-deposits funds from each paycheck into a... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Finance; Compensation and Benefits; Well-being; Behavior; Investment Funds; Employees; United Kingdom
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      Berk, Sarah Holmes, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi, and David Laibson. "Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts." Chap. 21 in The Elgar Companion to Consumer Behaviour and the Sustainable Development Goals, edited by Lucia A. Reisch and Cass R. Sunstein, 359–386. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Centralized Governance in Decentralized Organizations

      By: Lin William Cong, Daniel Rabetti, Charles C.Y. Wang and Yu Yan
      We systematically document governance centralization in decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and study its drivers and economic implications. Using multiple data sources and granular on-chain transactional data, we compare our findings to those in corporate... View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Governance; Voting; Organizations; Financial Services Industry
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      Cong, Lin William, Daniel Rabetti, Charles C.Y. Wang, and Yu Yan. "Centralized Governance in Decentralized Organizations." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      How Do Global Portfolio Investors Hedge Currency Risk?

      By: Robin Greenwood and Alex Cheema-Fox
      We use monthly portfolio data from one of the world’s largest custodian banks, with over $40 trillion assets under custody, to study how global portfolio investors hedge foreign exchange risk in their equity and fixed income portfolios over the past 25 years. The data... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Portfolio; Investment Funds; Currency; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Alex Cheema-Fox. "How Do Global Portfolio Investors Hedge Currency Risk?" Working Paper, October 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Generative AI and the Nature of Work

      By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu
      Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate a considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor
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      Hoffmann, Manuel, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, and Kevin Xu. "Generative AI and the Nature of Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-021, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Immodest Victims: Victims Who Broadcast Their Victimization Are Seen as Less Morally Virtuous

      By: Nathan Dhaliwal, Jillian J. Jordan, Anoushka Kiyawat and Pat Barclay
      How do people evaluate victims who advertise their victim status? Because such broadcasting can elicit sympathy and support, we propose that declining to broadcast serves as a costly act of modesty: one is withholding a fact about oneself that could garner resources... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Communication; Perception; Reputation
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      Dhaliwal, Nathan, Jillian J. Jordan, Anoushka Kiyawat, and Pat Barclay. "Immodest Victims: Victims Who Broadcast Their Victimization Are Seen as Less Morally Virtuous." Working Paper, August 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Navigating Software Vulnerabilities: Eighteen Years of Evidence from Medium and Large U.S. Organizations

      By: Raviv Murciano-Goroff, Ran Zhuo and Shane Greenstein
      How prevalent are severe software vulnerabilities, how fast do software users respond to the availability of secure versions, and what determines the variance in the installation distribution? Using the largest dataset ever assembled on user updates, tracking server... View Details
      Keywords: Cybersecurity; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Consumer Behavior
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      Murciano-Goroff, Raviv, Ran Zhuo, and Shane Greenstein. "Navigating Software Vulnerabilities: Eighteen Years of Evidence from Medium and Large U.S. Organizations." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32696, July 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Webmunk: A New Tool for Studying Online Behavior and Digital Platforms

      By: Chiara Farronato, Andrey Fradkin and Chris Karr
      Understanding the behavior of users online is important for researchers, policymakers, and private companies alike. But observing online behavior and conducting experiments is difficult without direct access to the user base and software of technology companies. We... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Technology Adoption; Behavior; Research; Consumer Behavior; Internet and the Web
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      Farronato, Chiara, Andrey Fradkin, and Chris Karr. "Webmunk: A New Tool for Studying Online Behavior and Digital Platforms." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32694, July 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Advancing Personalization: How to Experiment, Learn & Optimize

      By: Aurelie Lemmens, Jason M.T. Roos, Sebastian Gabel, Eva Ascarza, Hernan Bruno, Elea McDonnell Feit, Brett Gordon, Ayelet Israeli, Carl F. Mela and Oded Netzer
      Personalization has become the heartbeat of modern marketing. Advances in causal inference and machine learning enable companies to understand how the same marketing action can impact the choices of individual customers differently. This article provides an academic... View Details
      Keywords: Personalization; Targeting; Experiments; Observational Studies; Policy Implementation; Policy Evaluation; Customization and Personalization; Marketing Strategy; AI and Machine Learning
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      Lemmens, Aurelie, Jason M.T. Roos, Sebastian Gabel, Eva Ascarza, Hernan Bruno, Elea McDonnell Feit, Brett Gordon, Ayelet Israeli, Carl F. Mela, and Oded Netzer. "Advancing Personalization: How to Experiment, Learn & Optimize." Working Paper, July 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • June 2024
      • Article

      The Diversity Heuristic: How Team Demographic Composition Influences Judgments of Team Creativity

      By: Devon Proudfoot, Zachariah Berry, Edward H. Chang and Min B. Kay
      Despite mixed evidence for the relationship between demographic diversity and creativity, we propose that observers hold a lay belief that demographic diversity increases creativity and apply this lay belief in judgments about teams and their creative work. Across... View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Race; Gender; Groups and Teams; Perception; Creativity
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      Proudfoot, Devon, Zachariah Berry, Edward H. Chang, and Min B. Kay. "The Diversity Heuristic: How Team Demographic Composition Influences Judgments of Team Creativity." Management Science 70, no. 6 (June 2024): 3879–3901.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      What Is Newsworthy? Theory and Evidence

      By: Luis Armona, Matthew Gentzkow, Emir Kamenica and Jesse M. Shapiro
      We study newsworthiness in theory and practice. We focus on situations in which a news outlet observes the realization of a state of the world and must decide whether to report the realization to a consumer who pays an opportunity cost to consume the report. The... View Details
      Keywords: News; Mathematical Methods; Prejudice and Bias; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Armona, Luis, Matthew Gentzkow, Emir Kamenica, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "What Is Newsworthy? Theory and Evidence." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32512, May 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Article

      Conveying and Detecting Listening in Live Conversation

      By: Hanne Collins, Julia A. Minson, Ariella S. Kristal and Alison Wood Brooks
      Across all domains of human social life, positive perceptions of conversational listening (i.e., feeling heard) predict well-being, professional success, and interpersonal flourishing. But a fundamental question remains: Are perceptions of listening accurate? Prior... View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Behavior; Perception
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      Collins, Hanne, Julia A. Minson, Ariella S. Kristal, and Alison Wood Brooks. "Conveying and Detecting Listening in Live Conversation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 153, no. 2 (February 2024): 473–494.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts

      By: Sarah Holmes Berk, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi and David Laibson
      We study the introduction of a choice architecture design intended to increase short-term savings among employees at five U.K. firms. Employees were offered the opportunity to opt into a payroll deduction program that auto-deposits funds from each paycheck into a... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Personal Finance; Investment Funds; Employees; Saving; United Kingdom
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      Berk, Sarah Holmes, John Beshears, Jay Garg, James J. Choi, and David Laibson. "Employer-Based Short-Term Savings Accounts." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32074, January 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Article

      Population Interference in Panel Experiments

      By: Kevin Wu Han, Guillaume Basse and Iavor Bojinov
      The phenomenon of population interference, where a treatment assigned to one experimental unit affects another experimental unit’s outcome, has received considerable attention in standard randomized experiments. The complications produced by population interference in... View Details
      Keywords: Outcome or Result; Research; Situation or Environment
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      Han, Kevin Wu, Guillaume Basse, and Iavor Bojinov. "Population Interference in Panel Experiments." Journal of Econometrics 238, no. 1 (January 2024).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Rapport in Organizations: Evidence from Fast Food

      By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Parker Howell, Anant Nyshadham and Jorge Tamayo
      Common identity often provides a foundation for workplace rapport. Though gender is perhaps the most frequently studied dimension of identity among workers, little is known about how gender match between managers and their workers might affect team performance. Using... View Details
      Keywords: Management; Relationships; Gender; Labor and Management Relations; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Employees; Food and Beverage Industry; Colombia
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      Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Parker Howell, Anant Nyshadham, and Jorge Tamayo. "Rapport in Organizations: Evidence from Fast Food." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-032, November 2023.
      • 2023
      • Article

      M4: A Unified XAI Benchmark for Faithfulness Evaluation of Feature Attribution Methods across Metrics, Modalities, and Models

      By: Himabindu Lakkaraju, Xuhong Li, Mengnan Du, Jiamin Chen, Yekun Chai and Haoyi Xiong
      While Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques have been widely studied to explain predictions made by deep neural networks, the way to evaluate the faithfulness of explanation results remains challenging, due to the heterogeneity of explanations for... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning
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      Lakkaraju, Himabindu, Xuhong Li, Mengnan Du, Jiamin Chen, Yekun Chai, and Haoyi Xiong. "M4: A Unified XAI Benchmark for Faithfulness Evaluation of Feature Attribution Methods across Metrics, Modalities, and Models." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
      • November–December 2023
      • Article

      Look the Part? The Role of Profile Pictures in Online Labor Markets

      By: Isamar Troncoso and Lan Luo
      Profile pictures are a key component of many freelancing platforms, a design choice that can impact hiring and matching outcomes. In this paper, we examine how appearance-based perceptions of a freelancer’s fit for the job (i.e., whether a freelancer "looks the part"... View Details
      Keywords: Freelancers; Gig Workers; Demographics; Prejudice and Bias; Selection and Staffing; Jobs and Positions; Analytics and Data Science
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      Troncoso, Isamar, and Lan Luo. "Look the Part? The Role of Profile Pictures in Online Labor Markets." Marketing Science 42, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 1080–1100.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Interest-Rate Risk and Household Portfolios

      By: Sylvain Catherine, Max Miller, James Paron and Natasha Sarin
      How are households exposed to interest-rate risk? When rates fall, households face lower future expected returns but those holding long-term assets—disproportionately the wealthy and middle-aged—experience capital gains. We study the hedging demand for long-term assets... View Details
      Keywords: Portfolio Choice; Social Security; Interest Rates; Investment Portfolio; Equality and Inequality; Welfare
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      Catherine, Sylvain, Max Miller, James Paron, and Natasha Sarin. "Interest-Rate Risk and Household Portfolios." Working Paper, October 2023. (Reject and Resubmit, American Economic Review.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Words Can Hurt: How Political Communication Can Change the Pace of an Epidemic

      By: Jessica Gagete-Miranda, Lucas Argentieri Mariani and Paula Rettl
      While elite-cue effects on public opinion are well-documented, questions remain as to when and why voters use elite cues to inform their opinions and behaviors. Using experimental and observational data from Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, we study how leader... View Details
      Keywords: Elites; Public Engagement; Politics; Political Affiliation; Political Campaigns; Political Influence; Political Leadership; Political Economy; Survey Research; COVID-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; COVID; Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive Biases; Political Elections; Voting; Power and Influence; Identity; Behavior; Latin America; Brazil
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      Gagete-Miranda, Jessica, Lucas Argentieri Mariani, and Paula Rettl. "Words Can Hurt: How Political Communication Can Change the Pace of an Epidemic." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-022, October 2023.
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