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      • September 2023
      • Article

      The Changing Role of Managers

      By: Letian Zhang
      This study argues that the increase in middle management in recent decades was accompanied by a major shift in managerial roles. Increased task complexity and a new management philosophy have reduced the need for direct supervision but generated a much greater... View Details
      Keywords: Managerial Roles; Leadership; Groups and Teams; Change; Organizational Structure
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      Zhang, Letian. "The Changing Role of Managers." American Journal of Sociology 129, no. 2 (September 2023): 439–484.
      • October 2021 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Ant Group (A)

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Feng Zhu, Susie L. Ma and Kerry Herman
      In 2004, Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba created Alipay, an app to facilitate payments on its e-commerce sites. As Alibaba grew, so did Alipay, until Alipay spawned its own ecosystem of financial technology products and services under the name of Ant Group. By 2020,... View Details
      Keywords: Payment Systems; Information Technology; Value Creation; Network Effects; Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Initial Public Offering; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Feng Zhu, Susie L. Ma, and Kerry Herman. "Ant Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 122-003, October 2021. (Revised February 2023.)
      • April 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      Amazon in China and India

      By: Krishna G. Palepu and Kairavi Dey
      Amazon has been unsuccessful in its efforts to develop a business in China. Even though Amazon was an early entrant into China’s e-commerce space, its domestic rivals, especially Alibaba, created innovative business models uniquely suited for the conditions in China. ... View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Emerging Markets; Business Strategy; Expansion; Business Model; Retail Industry; China; India; United States
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      Palepu, Krishna G., and Kairavi Dey. "Amazon in China and India." Harvard Business School Case 120-111, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • August 2018
      • Case

      Enfoca: Private Equity in Peru

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Jeffrey Boyar
      This case follows Enfoca, Peru’s largest local private equity firm and its portfolio company Maestro, a leading player in Peru’s hardware retail market. Peru’s GDP growth between 2008 and 2014 was the highest of any Latin American country. Growth of the Peruvian middle... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Emerging Markets; Capital Markets; Transition; Strategy; Peru
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Enfoca: Private Equity in Peru." Harvard Business School Case 219-030, August 2018.
      • July 2018 (Revised September 2018)
      • Case

      Donald Trump and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

      By: Matthew Weinzierl and Robert Scherf
      In January 2018, President Donald Trump was full of optimism. He had just signed the most substantial legislation of his young presidency, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), making major changes to the tax code. Echoing his campaign slogan—Make America Great Again—Trump... View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Jobs and Positions; Government and Politics; Public Opinion; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, and Robert Scherf. "Donald Trump and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act." Harvard Business School Case 719-002, July 2018. (Revised September 2018.)
      • February 2018 (Revised June 2019)
      • Case

      Jaguar Capital S.A.S., Take the Money and Run?

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Sayiddah Fatima McCree
      In January 2014, Tomas Uribe and Rodrigo Sanchez-Rios of Jaguar Capital S.A.S. (Jaguar or Jaguar Capital), were considering an offer from White Stone, the world’s largest private equity real estate investor. Jaguar Capital needed capital to fund its investment thesis,... View Details
      Keywords: Real Estate; Investing; Private Equity Financing; Deal Structuring; Emerging Market; Emerging Economies; Emerging Market Finance; International Entrepreneurship; Finance; Entrepreneurship; Agreements and Arrangements; Emerging Markets; Real Estate Industry; Retail Industry; Financial Services Industry; Colombia; Latin America; United States
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Sayiddah Fatima McCree. "Jaguar Capital S.A.S., Take the Money and Run?" Harvard Business School Case 218-078, February 2018. (Revised June 2019.)
      • 2017
      • Report

      Dismissed by Degrees: How Degree Inflation Is Undermining U.S. Competitiveness and Hurting America's Middle Class

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Manjari Raman
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Manjari Raman. "Dismissed by Degrees: How Degree Inflation Is Undermining U.S. Competitiveness and Hurting America's Middle Class." Report, October 2017. (Published by Accenture, Grads of Life, Harvard Business School.)
      • Article

      Physical and Situational Inequality on Airplanes Predict Air Rage

      By: K. A. DeCelles and Michael I. Norton
      We posit that the modern airplane is a social microcosm of class-based society, and that the increasing incidence of “air rage” can be understood through the lens of inequality. Research on inequality typically examines the effects of relatively fixed, macrostructural... View Details
      Keywords: Physical Inequality; Equality and Inequality; Behavior; Air Transportation; Situation or Environment
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      DeCelles, K. A., and Michael I. Norton. "Physical and Situational Inequality on Airplanes Predict Air Rage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 20 (May 17, 2016): 5588–5591.
      • March 2016
      • Teaching Note

      MasterCard: Driving Financial Inclusion

      By: Sunil Gupta
      Since joining MasterCard (MC) in 2010, CEO Ajay Banga had made advancing financial inclusion (FI)—bringing formal financial services to marginalized populations—an important goal for the company. In 2014, MC had entered a number of partnerships with governments and... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Inclusion; Banking; Equality and Inequality; Credit Cards; Developing Countries and Economies; Banking Industry; South Africa; Nigeria
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      Gupta, Sunil. "MasterCard: Driving Financial Inclusion." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 516-068, March 2016.
      • March 26, 2015
      • Article

      A Wake-Up Call for Tomorrow's Top 1 Percent: Rebuild America's Middle Class

      By: Jan Rivkin and Michael E. Porter
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      Rivkin, Jan, and Michael E. Porter. "A Wake-Up Call for Tomorrow's Top 1 Percent: Rebuild America's Middle Class." Fortune.com (March 26, 2015).
      • June 2013 (Revised June 2013)
      • Teaching Note

      Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth & Currency Wars

      By: Laura Alfaro and Hilary White
      Over the past decade, Brazil's future as a leading world economic power appeared certain. An expanding middle class and commodity boom had fueled economic growth, with GDP growth hitting a peak of 7.5% in 2010. However, the high cost of conducting business in Brazil,... View Details
      Keywords: Exchange Rate; Inflation; Inflation Targeting; Industrialization; Infrastructure; Currency; Capital Controls; Stimulus; Commodity Prices; Manufacturing Costs; Globalization; Productivity Growth; Economics; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Inflation and Deflation; Macroeconomics; Public Sector; Brazil; South America; Latin America
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Hilary White. "Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth & Currency Wars." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 713-092, June 2013. (Revised June 2013.)
      • October 2012
      • Case

      Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Kaitlyn Tuthill
      In 2012, the energy sector in the United States was demanding major reform. Prices of oil and gas had continued to cripple the middle and lower class as the U.S. economy slowly recovered. At the same time, the U.S. lagged behind developed economies in production of... View Details
      Keywords: Mitt Romney; Barack Obama; Energy; Election Outcomes; Climate Change; Renewable Energy; Political Elections; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Kaitlyn Tuthill. "Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy." Harvard Business School Case 713-050, October 2012.
      • October 2012 (Revised April 2017)
      • Case

      Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth

      By: Laura Alfaro, Hilary White and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason
      Over the past decade, Brazil's future as a leading world economic power appeared certain. An expanding middle class and commodity boom had fueled economic growth, with GDP growth hitting a peak of 7.5% in 2010. However, the high cost of conducting business in Brazil,... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Controls; Inflation; Exchange Rates; Stimulus; Competitiveness; Productivity Growth; Foreign Investment; Infrastructure; Inflation and Deflation; Currency Exchange Rate; Brazil
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      Alfaro, Laura, Hilary White, and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason. "Brazil's Enigma: Sustaining Long-Term Growth." Harvard Business School Case 713-040, October 2012. (Revised April 2017.)
      • September 2012 (Revised September 2015)
      • Case

      Doing Business in India

      By: Andy Zelleke, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Saloni Chaturvedi
      The case is set in August 2012—a time when India was undergoing policy stasis as several key reforms were stalled and the government faced allegations of misallocation of coal production licenses. The first part of the case provides a brief background on India's... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Market Finance; Emergent Countries; Business History; Economic History; Fieldwork; Emerging Markets; Business Ventures; Strategy
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      Zelleke, Andy, Felix Oberholzer-Gee, and Saloni Chaturvedi. "Doing Business in India." Harvard Business School Case 713-430, September 2012. (Revised September 2015.)
      • October 2011
      • Case

      Chris and Alison Weston (A)

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Celia Moore
      Chris and Alison Weston describe how they, a well-educated middle class couple, ended up committing mail fraud, for which they each served a year and a half in federal prison. The case highlights for students how otherwise upstanding individuals much like themselves... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Conflict of Interests; Value
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Celia Moore. "Chris and Alison Weston (A)." Harvard Business School Case 612-019, October 2011.
      • May 2002 (Revised January 2006)
      • Case

      SG Cowen: New Recruits

      By: Thomas J. DeLong and Vineeta Vijayaraghavan
      Chip Rae, director of recruiting at SG Cowen, must decide which recruits to keep after the final interview process for new outside associate hires. Along with team captains assigned to each school, he reviews the criteria used to make hiring decisions. Their new... View Details
      Keywords: Recruitment; Selection and Staffing; Decision Making; Management Practices and Processes; Service Industry
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      DeLong, Thomas J., and Vineeta Vijayaraghavan. "SG Cowen: New Recruits." Harvard Business School Case 402-028, May 2002. (Revised January 2006.)
      • Research Summary

      Globalization & Corporate Transformation in India

      By: Nitin Nohria
      Political and economic reforms in India, which started in 1992, have led to a dramatic transformation of Indian companies. The first decade of this transformation focused on improving operational efficiency to rival world class competitors. Having proved to themselves... View Details
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