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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (34)

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      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Primetime Partners: Investing in Healthspan, Wealthspan, and Workspan

      By: Rembrand Koning, Nicole Tempest Keller and Susan Wilner Golden
      In the fall of 2024, Abby Miller Levy (HBS ’01), co-founder and managing partner of Primetime Partners, was preparing to raise a second fund. Founded in 2020 with veteran investor Alan Patricof, Primetime was a horizontal fund focused on early-stage companies serving... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Age; Social Issues; Financing and Loans; Investment Return; Business Strategy; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Koning, Rembrand, Nicole Tempest Keller, and Susan Wilner Golden. "Primetime Partners: Investing in Healthspan, Wealthspan, and Workspan." Harvard Business School Case 825-095, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers

      By: Kirk Bansak and Elisabeth Paulson
      This study explores public preferences for algorithmic and human decision-makers (DMs) in high-stakes contexts, how these preferences are shaped by performance metrics, and whether public evaluations of performance differ depending on the type of DM. Leveraging a... View Details
      Keywords: Public Opinion; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making
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      Bansak, Kirk, and Elisabeth Paulson. "Public Attitudes on Performance for Algorithmic and Human Decision-Makers." PNAS Nexus 3, no. 12 (December 2024).
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit

      By: Sergey Chernenko, Robert Ialenti and David Scharfstein
      We show that business development companies (BDCs), a significant source of private credit, are very well capitalized according to bank capital frameworks. These types of private credit funds have median risk-based capital ratios of about 36%, which is 26 percentage... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Capital; Credit; Financial Institutions
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      Chernenko, Sergey, Robert Ialenti, and David Scharfstein. "Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit." Working Paper, June 2025.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Beam Dental (A)

      By: Rembrand Koning and Alicia Dadlani
      In May 2014, Alex Frommeyer, cofounder and CEO of Kentucky-based Beam Dental, a seed-stage startup that developed connected toothbrushes that tracked brushing habits, needed to decide which strategy to pitch to a venture capital firm. The first pitch deck played to the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Financing and Loans; Presentations; Product Development; Insurance Industry; United States; Kentucky; Ohio
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      Koning, Rembrand, and Alicia Dadlani. "Beam Dental (A)." Harvard Business School Case 723-355, October 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Contractual Restrictions and Debt Traps

      By: Ernest Liu and Benjamin N. Roth
      Microcredit and other forms of small-scale finance have failed to catalyze entrepreneurship in developing countries. In these credit markets, borrowers and lenders often bargain over not only the interest rate but also implicit restrictions on types of investment. We... View Details
      Keywords: Microfinance; Entrepreneurship; Developing Countries and Economies; Financing and Loans
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      Liu, Ernest, and Benjamin N. Roth. "Contractual Restrictions and Debt Traps." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 3 (March 2022): 1141–1182.
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel

      By: Victoria Ivashina, Luc Laeven and Enrique Moral-Benito
      Using credit-registry data for Spain and Peru, we document that four main types of commercial credit—asset-based loans, cash flow loans, trade finance and leasing—are easily identifiable and represent the bulk of corporate credit. We show that credit growth dynamics... View Details
      Keywords: Bank Credit; Loan Types; Bank Lending Channel; Credit Registry; Banks and Banking; Credit; Financing and Loans
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      Ivashina, Victoria, Luc Laeven, and Enrique Moral-Benito. "Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel." Journal of Monetary Economics 126 (March 2022): 171–187.
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Juno (A): Leveraging Student Power

      By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
      In March 2020, Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal were in the midst of preparing the annual auction for their student loan assistance startup, Juno. Both current MBA students at Harvard Business School, the duo founded Juno in 2018 to leverage student bargaining power... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Cost vs Benefits; Education; Higher Education; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Strategy; Adaptation; Alignment; Negotiation; Agreements and Arrangements; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Deal; Negotiation Offer; Negotiation Types; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry; North and Central America; United States; Massachusetts; Boston
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      Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (A): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Case 921-032, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Supplement

      Juno (C): Leveraging Student Power

      By: Joshua Schwartzstein, Kathleen L. McGinn and Amy Klopfenstein
      In May 2020, Juno co-founders Chris Abkarians and Nikhil Agarwal decided to hold the annual auction for their student loan assistance startup. Five lenders submitted bids, and the co-founders ultimately opted to select Eager Bank as their partner for the 2020-2021... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Cost vs Benefits; Judgments; Education; Higher Education; Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Strategy; Adaptation; Alignment; Negotiation; Agreements and Arrangements; Negotiation Deal; Negotiation Offer; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Types; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry; North and Central America; United States; Massachusetts; Boston
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      Schwartzstein, Joshua, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Juno (C): Leveraging Student Power." Harvard Business School Supplement 921-034, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • September 2020
      • Case

      Disrupting Justice at RightNow: Rich or King

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Amir Reza Rezvani
      The case examines issues such as cascading problems within the organization, changing founder roles, founder success criteria, as well as company exit consideration. In 2017, Dr. Torben Antretter, a former competitive tennis player and academic researcher, founded... View Details
      Keywords: Exit; Startup; Financing; Founders; Entrepreneurship; Law; Venture Capital; Success; Financing and Loans; Business Growth and Maturation; Strategy; Legal Services Industry; Germany
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Amir Reza Rezvani. "Disrupting Justice at RightNow: Rich or King." Harvard Business School Case 821-028, September 2020.
      • Article

      The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations

      By: Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
      To explore the impact of COVID on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Stimulus; CARES Act; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Surveys
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      Bartik, Alexander, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 28, 2020): 17656–66.
      • November 2018
      • Case

      David Hysong and SHEPHERD Therapeutics

      By: Ananth Raman, John Masko and Aldo Sesia
      In 2016, David Hysong, at age 27, found out he had a rare, incurable cancer. Rather than wait around to die, Hysong, a recent graduate of Harvard Divinity School, decided to launch a biotechnology company called Shepherd Therapeutics to development treatments for his... View Details
      Keywords: Cancer; Therapeutics; Drugs; Health Care and Treatment; Business Startups; Product Development; Financing and Loans; Growth and Development Strategy; Problems and Challenges
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      Raman, Ananth, John Masko, and Aldo Sesia. "David Hysong and SHEPHERD Therapeutics." Harvard Business School Case 619-012, November 2018.
      • February 2018
      • Article

      Financial Repression in the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      By the end of 2013, the share of government debt held by the domestic banking sectors of Eurozone countries was more than twice its 2007 level. We show that this type of increasing reliance on the domestic banking sector for absorbing government bonds generates a... View Details
      Keywords: Credit Cycles; Sovereign Debt; Financial Repression; Sovereign Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Europe
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Financial Repression in the European Sovereign Debt Crisis." Review of Finance 22, no. 1 (February 2018): 83–115.
      • January 2017 (Revised March 2017)
      • Case

      SIN Capital and the Fullerton Health IPO

      By: Josh Lerner and Ann Leamon
      In early 2016, David Sin, founder of the Singapore-based private equity group SIN Capital and chairman of its primary holding, Fullerton Health, was deeply involved in preparations for taking Fullerton public on the Singapore stock exchange. Three years after SIN... View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; Asia; IPO; Financing; Singapore; Growth; Health Care and Treatment; Private Equity; Initial Public Offering; Financing and Loans; Strategy; Value Creation; Growth and Development Strategy; Health Industry; Singapore
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      Lerner, Josh, and Ann Leamon. "SIN Capital and the Fullerton Health IPO." Harvard Business School Case 817-030, January 2017. (Revised March 2017.)
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      Financial Repression in the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      By the end of 2013, the share of government debt held by the domestic banking sectors of Eurozone countries was more than twice its 2007 level. We show that this type of increasing reliance on the domestic banking sector for absorbing government bonds generates a... View Details
      Keywords: Credit Cycles; Sovereign Debt; Financial Repression; Sovereign Finance; Greece
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Financial Repression in the European Sovereign Debt Crisis." Working Paper, April 2014.
      • March 2014 (Revised May 2016)
      • Technical Note

      Angel Investments in Europe and Recent Developments in Crowdfunding

      By: Lynda Applegate, Vincent Dessain, Emilie Billaud and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      This technical note provides information on the evolution and current state of angel investing in Europe. The note first describes the role and types of angel investors, focusing on their investment preferences and practices. It then details the new trends in the... View Details
      Keywords: Angel Investors; Crowdfunding; Financing and Loans; Investment; Financial Services Industry; Europe
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      Applegate, Lynda, Vincent Dessain, Emilie Billaud, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Angel Investments in Europe and Recent Developments in Crowdfunding." Harvard Business School Technical Note 814-047, March 2014. (Revised May 2016.)
      • February 2014
      • Background Note

      Raising Startup Capital

      By: Jeffrey Bussgang
      Entrepreneurs typically focus their full energies on business-building. But raising capital is a core part of building a valuable business. Developing expertise in raising capital is more than a necessary evil, it is a competitive weapon. Master it and you will be in a... View Details
      Keywords: Fund Raising; Venture Capital Term Sheet; Venture Creation/development; Venture Investing; Venture Philanthropy; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurs; Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act; Non-equity Financing; Convertible Notes; Convertible Debt; Debt Financing; Raising Capital; National Venture Capital Association; Venture Capital Firm Compensation; Crowdfunding; Crowd-funding; Startup; Start-up; Startup Management; Startups; Angel Investors; Angels; Accelerator; Venture Capital; Financing and Loans; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey. "Raising Startup Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 814-089, February 2014.
      • December 2010
      • Article

      Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Commercial Microfinance Organizations

      By: Julie Battilana and Silvia Dorado
      We explore how new types of hybrid organizations (organizations that combine institutional logics in unprecedented ways) can develop and maintain their hybrid nature in the absence of a "ready-to-wear" model for handling the tensions between the logics they combine.... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Structure; Microfinance; Growth and Development Strategy; Identity; Commercialization; Balance and Stability; Policy; Recruitment; Business Model
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      Battilana, Julie, and Silvia Dorado. "Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Commercial Microfinance Organizations." Academy of Management Journal 53, no. 6 (December 2010): 1419–1440.
      • April 2009 (Revised May 2010)
      • Case

      Urbi and the City Licensee Managers

      By: John D. Macomber and Regina Garcia-Cuellar
      A leading low income housing builder in Mexico decides which prospective new local partner best extends its advantages in managing twin production lines of homes and clients. URBI has built substantial competitive advantage in the technology and culture that matches... View Details
      Keywords: Mortgages; Government and Politics; Housing; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Market Entry and Exit; Production; Supply Chain; Organizational Culture; Franchise Ownership; Partners and Partnerships; Competitive Advantage; Real Estate Industry; China; India; Mexico; United States
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      Macomber, John D., and Regina Garcia-Cuellar. "Urbi and the City Licensee Managers." Harvard Business School Case 209-144, April 2009. (Revised May 2010.)
      • February 2009
      • Background Note

      An Introduction to Consumer Credit

      By: Peter Tufano
      This note reviews a variety of shorter-term consumer credit products in the U.S. with an emphasis on the types of products that low- and moderate-income consumers use. Included here are the following: credit cards, bank overdraft products, payday lending, personal... View Details
      Keywords: Credit; Financing and Loans; Personal Finance; United States
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      Tufano, Peter, Andrea Ryan, and Daniel Schneider. "An Introduction to Consumer Credit." Harvard Business School Background Note 209-107, February 2009.
      • July 2008 (Revised October 2012)
      • Case

      Affinity Plus (A)

      By: Dennis Campbell and Peter Tufano
      The executive team at Affinity Plus Federal Credit Union has pushed the concept of members first deeply throughout the organization, empowering employees to put member-owners' interests ahead of either the organization's interests or their own interests. As a result of... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Financial Institutions; Financing and Loans; Profit; Cooperative Ownership; Conflict of Interests; Strategy
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      Campbell, Dennis, and Peter Tufano. "Affinity Plus (A)." Harvard Business School Case 209-026, July 2008. (Revised October 2012.)
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