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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,765)
      • Faculty Publications  (282)

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      • 2025
      • Chapter

      Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change

      By: Ann-Kristin Bergquist and Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter explores when and why private regulatory governance systems became the primary form of global environmental governance. The chapter explores two different historical paths in such private regulation and how they came about. The first path involved... View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Entrepreneurship; Environment; Climate Change; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Regulation; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, and Geoffrey Jones. "Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change." Chap. 1 in Climate Change and Business: Historical Perspectives, edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Paul Duguid, and Robert Fredona, 8–29. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Background Note

      Climate Change Adaptation with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Nabig Chaudhry
      Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as powerful tools to address climate change. This note summarizes a wide range of the uses of AI/ML to drive climate change adaptation and resilience, the measures organizations and governments are... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Adaptation
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Nabig Chaudhry. "Climate Change Adaptation with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning." Harvard Business School Background Note 625-050, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact

      By: Lauren Cohen, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo and Mariana Cal
      In early 2024 Erika Bienek, Chief Community Relations Officer at Techint, had to decide whether to invest in a new company-owned and operated technical school in Veracruz, Mexico, or invest instead in strengthening the city’s public education system. Techint, a global... View Details
      Keywords: Technical Institutes; Community Relations; Social Impact; Argentina; Mexico; Brazil; Conglomerate; Stakeholder Management; Government And Business; Community Impact; Philanthropy; Business Conglomerates; Business Subsidiaries; Business Headquarters; Family Business; Decision Making; Private Sector; Public Sector; Education; Curriculum and Courses; Middle School Education; Secondary Education; Teaching; Training; Learning; Energy; Engineering; Construction; Values and Beliefs; Geography; Global Range; Local Range; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Firms and Management; Government Legislation; Recruitment; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Knowledge; Resource Allocation; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Family Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business and Government Relations; Creativity; Reputation; Social and Collaborative Networks; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Poverty; Strategy; Construction Industry; Education Industry; Energy Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Europe; Italy; Latin America; North and Central America; Mexico; North America; United States; South America; Argentina; Buenos Aires; Brazil
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      Cohen, Lauren, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo, and Mariana Cal. "Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact." Harvard Business School Case 825-058, April 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Seattle's Climate Pledge Arena: Ticket to a Greener Future

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 325-110. CEO Tim Leiweke reviewed the process by which his newly formed Oak View Group had managed a major rebuild of a landmark arena in Seattle which attracted a National Hockey League franchise and major entertainers concerned about... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Leadership; Bids and Bidding; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Green Buildings; Construction; Partners and Partnerships; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Seattle
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Seattle's Climate Pledge Arena: Ticket to a Greener Future." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 325-114, March 2025.
      • March 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Seattle's Climate Pledge Arena: Ticket to a Greener Future

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      Tim Leiweke reviewed how his development group and partners had completely rebuilt an aging Seattle landmark into the world’s greenest arena, carrying the visible name Climate Pledge Arena. It had attracted a new National Hockey League franchise, the Kraken, and... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Leadership; Bids and Bidding; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Seattle
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Seattle's Climate Pledge Arena: Ticket to a Greener Future." Harvard Business School Case 325-110, March 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • March 2025
      • Case

      The Changing Climate on Wall Street

      By: Clayton S. Rose, Maxim Pike Harrell and Michael Norris
      Increasing and conflicting regulatory requirements and political pressures regarding climate change tested the leaders of U.S. financial institutions, as they struggled to determine how best to comply while managing their business and its risks. In October 2024,... View Details
      Keywords: Change; Disruption; Competency and Skills; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Ethics; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Leadership; Management; Risk Management; Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Society; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Strategy; Adaptation; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry; United States; Europe
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      Rose, Clayton S., Maxim Pike Harrell, and Michael Norris. "The Changing Climate on Wall Street." Harvard Business School Case 325-020, March 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Article

      Variation in Batch Ordering of Imaging Tests in the Emergency Department and the Impact on Care Delivery

      By: Jacob C. Jameson, Soroush Saghafian, Robert S. Huckman and Nicole Hodgson
      Objectives: To examine heterogeneity in physician batch ordering practices and measure the impact of a physician's tendency to batch order imaging tests on patient outcomes and resource utilization.
      Study Setting and Design: In this retrospective study, we used... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Operations Management; Productivity; Health Care and Treatment; Operations; Outcome or Result; Resource Allocation; Health Industry; United States
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      Jameson, Jacob C., Soroush Saghafian, Robert S. Huckman, and Nicole Hodgson. "Variation in Batch Ordering of Imaging Tests in the Emergency Department and the Impact on Care Delivery." Health Services Research 60, no. 1 (February 2025).
      • February 2025
      • Article

      Innovations in Evaluating Ambulatory Costs of Cystic Fibrosis Care: A Comparative Study Across Multidisciplinary Care Centers in Ireland and the United States

      By: Emma Brady, Ryan C. Perkins, Kate Cullen, Gregory S. Sawicki, Robert S. Kaplan and Gerardine Doyle
      Lead clinicians at two large pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) centers in the United States and Ireland measured and compared their ambulatory care costs. The clinicians selected three strata of patients (0–11 months, 1–5 years, and 6–17 years of age). Process maps were... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Cost; Service Delivery; Resource Allocation; Health Industry
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      Brady, Emma, Ryan C. Perkins, Kate Cullen, Gregory S. Sawicki, Robert S. Kaplan, and Gerardine Doyle. "Innovations in Evaluating Ambulatory Costs of Cystic Fibrosis Care: A Comparative Study Across Multidisciplinary Care Centers in Ireland and the United States." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 6, no. 2 (February 2025).
      • January 2025
      • Article

      Communication Within Firms: Evidence from CEO Turnovers

      By: Stephen Michael Impink, Andrea Prat and Raffaella Sadun
      This paper uses novel, firm-level communication measures derived from communications metadata several months before and after a CEO transition for 102 firms to study whether and how this organizational event is reflected in employees’ communication flows. We find that... View Details
      Keywords: Information; Communication; Management Succession; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Alignment
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      Impink, Stephen Michael, Andrea Prat, and Raffaella Sadun. "Communication Within Firms: Evidence from CEO Turnovers." Management Science 71, no. 1 (January 2025): 470–487.
      • December 2024
      • Case

      Core Innovation Capital: Investing in Fintech for Good

      By: Ray Kluender, Natalia Rigol, Benjamin Roth and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In 2017, Arjan Schütte, founder of Core Innovation Capital, faced a decision on whether to invest in Hugo Insurance, an auto insurance startup. Core, an early-stage social impact VC firm, focused on “fintech for good,” by investing in financial services for low- to... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Venture Capital; Social Entrepreneurship; Insurance; Measurement and Metrics; Investment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Product Positioning; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Insurance Industry; United States
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      Kluender, Ray, Natalia Rigol, Benjamin Roth, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Core Innovation Capital: Investing in Fintech for Good." Harvard Business School Case 825-064, December 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models

      By: Matthew Shaffer and Charles CY Wang
      We study the application of large language models (LLMs) to the estimation of core earnings, i.e., a firm's persistent profitability from its core business activities. This construct is central to investors' assessments of economic performance and valuations. However,... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Models; AI and Machine Learning; Accounting; Profit; Corporate Disclosure; Analytics and Data Science; Measurement and Metrics
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      Shaffer, Matthew, and Charles CY Wang. "Scaling Core Earnings Measurement with Large Language Models." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • November 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Balancing Impact: Modeling the Future at British International Investment

      By: Shawn Cole and Jonah Zahnd
      In 2022, British International Investment (BII), the £8.1 billion development finance arm of the British government, implemented a new impact measurement system called the Impact Score to align its financial and impact objectives systematically. The tool was designed... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Portfolio; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Alignment; United Kingdom
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      Cole, Shawn, and Jonah Zahnd. "Balancing Impact: Modeling the Future at British International Investment." Harvard Business School Case 225-047, November 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • November–December 2024
      • Article

      Group Size and Its Impact on Diversity-Related Perceptions and Hiring Decisions in Homogeneous Groups

      By: Aneesh Rai, Edward H. Chang, Erika Kirgios and Katherine L. Milkman
      Why do some homogeneous groups face backlash for lacking diversity, whereas others escape censure? We show that a homogeneous group’s size changes how it is perceived and whether decision makers pursue greater diversity in its ranks. We theorize that people make... View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Perception; Decision Making; Groups and Teams; Selection and Staffing; Size
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      Rai, Aneesh, Edward H. Chang, Erika Kirgios, and Katherine L. Milkman. "Group Size and Its Impact on Diversity-Related Perceptions and Hiring Decisions in Homogeneous Groups." Organization Science 35, no. 6 (November–December 2024): 1990–2015.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Ponzi Funds

      By: Philippe van der Beck, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud and Dario Villamaina
      Many active funds hold concentrated portfolios. Flow-driven trading causes price pressure, which pushes up the funds’ existing positions resulting in realized returns. We decompose fund returns into a price pressure (self-inflated) and a fundamental component and... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Price Bubble; Financial Reporting; Financial Liquidity
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      van der Beck, Philippe, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, and Dario Villamaina. "Ponzi Funds." Working Paper, May 2024.
      • September 26, 2024
      • Article

      A Better Way to Measure Social Impact

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Constance Spitzer
      All impact investors report the financial returns from their funds and investments, and many provide metrics on intended social outcomes, such as numbers of individuals served, or quality jobs created. But investors do not supply metrics about their impacts on... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Social Impact Investment; Inclusive Growth; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Constance Spitzer. "A Better Way to Measure Social Impact." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 26, 2024).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Does Private Equity Have Any Business Being in the Health Care Business?

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Zirui Song
      Private Equity (“PE”) has come under increased scrutiny by the press, academics, and policymakers, as well as the public, for its investments in health care delivery. This scrutiny has been exacerbated by recent high profile hospital bankruptcies following PE... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Government Administration; Acquisition; Health Industry
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Zirui Song. "Does Private Equity Have Any Business Being in the Health Care Business?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-012, September 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Winner Take All: Exploiting Asymmetry in Factorial Designs

      By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Iavor I. Bojinov and Fiammetta Menchetti
      Researchers and practitioners have embraced factorial experiments to simultaneously test multiple treatments, each with different levels. With the rise of technologies like Generative AI, factorial experimentation has become even more accessible: it is easier than ever... View Details
      Keywords: Factorial Designs; Fisher Randomizations; Rank Estimators; Employer Interventions; Causal Inference; Mathematical Methods; Performance Improvement
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      DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Iavor I. Bojinov, and Fiammetta Menchetti. "Winner Take All: Exploiting Asymmetry in Factorial Designs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-075, June 2024.
      • May 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Together for Sustainability

      By: Ranjay Gulati, David Shin and Emily Tedards
      This case documents the origin and development of Together for Sustainability (TfS), a chemical industry initiative dedicated to raising sustainability standards throughout the industry’s supply chains. In 2011, six Chief Procurement Officers (CPOs) from some of the... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Standards; Supply Chain Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Partners and Partnerships; Nonprofit Organizations; Corporate Accountability; Chemical Industry
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      Gulati, Ranjay, David Shin, and Emily Tedards. "Together for Sustainability." Harvard Business School Case 424-062, May 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
      • March 2024
      • Module Note

      Accounting Standards for the 21st Century

      By: Jonas Heese
      Over the past two decades, accounting standards have evolved to meet the demands of a rapidly changing business environment. This module note focuses on understanding the impact of these standards on measuring firm performance and financial position in the context of a... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Statements; Standards; Performance Evaluation; Change Management
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      Heese, Jonas. "Accounting Standards for the 21st Century." Harvard Business School Module Note 124-056, March 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Measuring the Impact of Purpose

      By: Ranjay Gulati, Franz Wohlgezogen and David Shin
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      Gulati, Ranjay, Franz Wohlgezogen, and David Shin. "Measuring the Impact of Purpose." Working Paper, 2024.
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