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(309)
- News (86)
- Research (185)
- Events (1)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (46)
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- August 2008 (Revised May 2009)
- Background Note
Note on Generic Drugs in the European Union
By: Robert C. Pozen and Elizabeth M. Leonard
Rules governing the introduction of generic drugs in U.S. and EU have some similarities but significant differences because of the Hatch-Waxman Act in the U.S. View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Health Care and Treatment; Trademarks; Brands and Branding; Pharmaceutical Industry; European Union; United States
Pozen, Robert C., and Elizabeth M. Leonard. "Note on Generic Drugs in the European Union." Harvard Business School Background Note 309-019, August 2008. (Revised May 2009.)
- August 2024
- Article
How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?
By: Leemore S. Dafny, Kate Ho and Edward Kong
Drug copayment coupons to reduce patient cost-sharing have become nearly ubiquitous for high-priced brand-name prescription drugs. Medicare bans such coupons on the grounds that they are kickbacks that induce utilization, but they are commonly used by... View Details
Keywords: Prescription Drugs; Coupons; Impact; Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Price; Spending; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
Dafny, Leemore S., Kate Ho, and Edward Kong. "How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?" American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 16, no. 3 (August 2024): 314–346.
- October 2022
- Case
Cost Plus Drugs
By: Alexander MacKay and James Barnett
In September 2022, Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drugs Company CEO Alex Oshmyansky considered the future of the company. Cost Plus Drugs was a retailer for more than 340 generic oral medications, selling their drugs at significantly lower prices than typical pharmacies.... View Details
Keywords: Business Ventures; Decision Making; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Health; Markets; Social Enterprise; Society; Strategy; Health Care and Treatment; Business Divisions; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; Texas
MacKay, Alexander, and James Barnett. "Cost Plus Drugs." Harvard Business School Case 723-362, October 2022.
- March 2014
- Case
Novartis' Sandoz: Between Generics and Pharma
By: Krishna Palepu and Carin-Isabel Knoop
Sandoz, which made a significant investment in bio-similars as a way to differentiate itself from its generic drug industry peers, has to negotiate with its parent company and the innovative pharma division on how best to commercialize its bio-similar portfolio. What... View Details
Keywords: Global Strategy And Leadership; Managing Within A Multi-Business Organization; Generic Pharmaceuticals; Global Strategy
Palepu, Krishna, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Novartis' Sandoz: Between Generics and Pharma." Harvard Business School Case 114-033, March 2014.
How Do Drug Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased?
Drug copayment coupons to reduce patient cost-sharing have become nearly ubiquitous for high-priced brand-name prescription drugs. Medicare bans such coupons on the grounds that they are kickbacks that induce utilization, but they are commonly used by... View Details
- Summer 2021
- Article
The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016
By: Muhammad H. Zaman and Tarun Khanna
This article examines the evolution of Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer Cipla towards producing drugs that met the quality standards of European and U.S. regulators. It employs new research in Cipla’s corporate archives, the Creating Emerging Markets database, and... View Details
Keywords: Cipla; Pharmaceuticals; Drug Quality; Generics; Quality; Standards; Information Technology; Cost; Organizational Culture; Business History; Pharmaceutical Industry; India
Zaman, Muhammad H., and Tarun Khanna. "The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016." Business History Review 95, no. 2 (Summer 2021): 249–274.
- March 2002 (Revised May 2002)
- Case
Genzyme: Engineering the Market for Orphan Drugs
Genzyme has made money with external technology in orphan drug markets generally considered to be too small to be attractive to other drug companies. Now competition is entering these same markets, placing Genzyme's business model under new pressures. View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Information Technology; Market Entry and Exit; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
Chesbrough, Henry W., and Clarissa Ceruti. "Genzyme: Engineering the Market for Orphan Drugs." Harvard Business School Case 602-147, March 2002. (Revised May 2002.)
- February 2016 (Revised February 2017)
- Case
Alvogen
By: Daniel Isenberg and William Kerr
Alvogen is a young Icelandic generic pharmaceutical company, whose CEO believes that his global strategy will give them an edge in this competitive industry.
Robert Wessman, Alvogen’s CEO, was also previously the CEO of Actavis, another Icelandic generics... View Details
Robert Wessman, Alvogen’s CEO, was also previously the CEO of Actavis, another Icelandic generics... View Details
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Generic Drugs; Entrepreneurship; Globalization; Risk and Uncertainty; Pharmaceutical Industry; Iceland
Isenberg, Daniel, and William Kerr. "Alvogen." Harvard Business School Case 816-064, February 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
- February 2024
- Case
Civica Rx: A Not-for-Profit Founded to Address Market Failures in the Generic Drug Industry
By: Leemore S. Dafny
Dafny, Leemore S. "Civica Rx: A Not-for-Profit Founded to Address Market Failures in the Generic Drug Industry." Harvard Business School Case 324-057, February 2024.
- August 1997
- Article
Preventable Adverse Drug Events in Hospitalized Patients: A Comparative Study of Intensive Care and General Care Units
By: D. J. Cullen, J. Sweitzer, D. W. Bates, E. Burdick, A. Edmondson and L. L. Leape
Cullen, D. J., J. Sweitzer, D. W. Bates, E. Burdick, A. Edmondson, and L. L. Leape. "Preventable Adverse Drug Events in Hospitalized Patients: A Comparative Study of Intensive Care and General Care Units." Critical Care Medicine 25, no. 8 (August 1997): 1289–1297.
- August 2018 (Revised February 2019)
- Case
Alvogen: Scaling Entrepreneurship
By: Daniel Isenberg, William R. Kerr and Alexis Brownell
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Scaling; Generic Drugs; Entrepreneurship; Leadership; Pharmaceutical Industry; Asia; Europe; United States; Iceland
Isenberg, Daniel, William R. Kerr, and Alexis Brownell. "Alvogen: Scaling Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Case 819-038, August 2018. (Revised February 2019.)
- January 2023
- Case
Cleave Therapeutics: Taking a Risk on Oncology Drug Discovery
By: Regina Herzlinger and Brian Walker
What should a successful executive (HBS Baker Scholar) assess as her next move as the CEO of a firm with a promising and yet uncertain new drug? Amy Burroughs’ mandate to successfully commercialize Cleave Therapeutics’ drug for a cancer with no current successful... View Details
Keywords: Product Development; Leadership; Health Testing and Trials; Research and Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Condition; Partners and Partnerships; Pharmaceutical Industry
Herzlinger, Regina, and Brian Walker. "Cleave Therapeutics: Taking a Risk on Oncology Drug Discovery." Harvard Business School Case 323-045, January 2023.
- 06 Sep 2022
- Research & Ideas
Curbing an Unlikely Culprit of Rising Drug Prices: Pharmaceutical Donations
tiers of copays to encourage patients to use cheaper options—like generic versions over brand-name drugs—and push drugmakers to accept lower prices in exchange for favorable tiering. Following drugmaker donations When manufacturers donate... View Details
- 12 Jun 2018
- Research & Ideas
In a Landscape of 'Me Too' Drug Development, What Spurs Radical Innovation?
example, they couldn’t determine the relative development costs of novel drugs relative to me too drugs; they could only note whether a project was pursued. For a real-life example of the value generated by... View Details
- Research Summary
Physician vs. Patient Incentives in Prescription Drug Choice
The market for medical care involves interactions among patients, providers, and the insurers who pay for the care of their enrollees. The division of responsibilities creates scope for agency costs and moral hazard in the physician's treatment choice.... View Details
- November 2005 (Revised November 2005)
- Case
Massachusetts General Hospital and the Enbrel Royalty
By: David S. Scharfstein and Darren R. Smart
Massachusetts General Hospital is considering selling its royalty interest in Enbrel, Amgen's blockbuster drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In assessing whether to sell, and at what price, the hospital must determine its value to a potential buyer as well... View Details
Keywords: Valuation; Price; Investment Return; Capital; Value; Revenue; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Massachusetts
Scharfstein, David S., and Darren R. Smart. "Massachusetts General Hospital and the Enbrel Royalty." Harvard Business School Case 206-075, November 2005. (Revised November 2005.)
- Article
Biosimilars and Follow-On Products in the United States: Adoption, Prices, and Users
By: Ariel Dora Stern, Jacqueline L. Chen, Melissa Ouellet, Mark R. Trusheim, Zeid El-Kilani, Amber Jessup and Ernst R. Berndt
Biologic drugs account for a disproportionate share of the increase in pharmaceutical spending in the U.S. and worldwide. Against this backdrop, many look to the expanding market for biosimilars—follow-on products to biologic drugs—as a vehicle for controlling... View Details
Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Drug Spending; Drug Pricing; Health Care and Treatment; Spending; Price; Markets; Cost Management; United States
Stern, Ariel Dora, Jacqueline L. Chen, Melissa Ouellet, Mark R. Trusheim, Zeid El-Kilani, Amber Jessup, and Ernst R. Berndt. "Biosimilars and Follow-On Products in the United States: Adoption, Prices, and Users." Health Affairs 40, no. 6 (June 2021): 989–999.
- 29 Oct 2015
- News
Options to Promote Competitive Generics Markets in the United States
- 01 Mar 2004
- News
Drug Imports a Hot Topic at Alumni Health-Care Conference
FDA Commissioner Mark B. McClellan doesn’t approve of Americans buying low-cost prescription drugs from Canada or over the Internet. But he understands what drives them to do so. At the HBS Health Industry Alumni Association’s fourth... View Details
- May 2017
- Article
When Discounts Raise Costs: The Effect of Copay Coupons on Generic Utilization
By: Leemore S. Dafny, Christopher Ody and Matt Schmitt
Branded pharmaceutical manufacturers frequently offer “copay coupons” that insulate consumers from cost sharing, thereby undermining insurers’ ability to influence drug utilization. We study the impact of copay coupons on branded drugs first facing generic entry... View Details
Dafny, Leemore S., Christopher Ody, and Matt Schmitt. "When Discounts Raise Costs: The Effect of Copay Coupons on Generic Utilization." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 2 (May 2017): 91–123.