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      • Faculty Publications  (37)

      Ethical ReasoningRemove Ethical Reasoning →

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      • January 2025
      • Case

      Shifting Winds: DEI in Corporate America

      By: Clayton S. Rose, Maisie Wiltshire-Gordon and David Lane
      In the 2020s, intense and conflicting social and political pressures challenged organizational leaders around the world. Prominent among these were powerful competing views on workplace diversity, equity, and inclusion programs (DEI) in the United States. Public... View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Leadership; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Satisfaction; Diversity; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Employees; Retention; Recruitment; Adaptation; Programs; Consulting Industry; Auto Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Motorcycle Industry; Technology Industry; Education Industry; United States; Massachusetts; Maryland; Tennessee; District of Columbia
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      Rose, Clayton S., Maisie Wiltshire-Gordon, and David Lane. "Shifting Winds: DEI in Corporate America." Harvard Business School Case 325-017, January 2025.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good

      By: Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang and Max Bazerman
      In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls employed the ‘veil of Ignorance’ as a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial thinking. By imagining the choices of decision-makers who are blind to biasing information, one might see more clearly the organizing... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Judgments; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making
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      Greene, Joshua D., Karen Huang, and Max Bazerman. "Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good." Chap. 15 in The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology, edited by Manuel Vargas and John M. Doris, 246–261. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • March 2021
      • Article

      Deliberately Prejudiced Self-driving Vehicles Elicit the Most Outrage

      By: Julian De Freitas and Mina Cikara
      Should self-driving vehicles be prejudiced, e.g., deliberately harm the elderly over young children? When people make such forced-choices on the vehicle’s behalf, they exhibit systematic preferences (e.g., favor young children), yet when their options are unconstrained... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Judgment; Autonomous Vehicles; Driverless Policy; Moral Outrage; Moral Sensibility; Judgments; Transportation; Policy
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      De Freitas, Julian, and Mina Cikara. "Deliberately Prejudiced Self-driving Vehicles Elicit the Most Outrage." Cognition 208 (March 2021).
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Mitigates Self-Serving Bias in Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Crisis

      By: Karen Huang, Regan Bernhard, Netta Barak-Corren, Max Bazerman and Joshua D. Greene
      The COVID-19 crisis has forced healthcare professionals to make tragic decisions concerning which patients to save. Furthermore, the COVID-19 crisis has foregrounded the influence of self-serving bias in debates on how to allocate scarce resources. A utilitarian... View Details
      Keywords: Self-serving Bias; Procedural Justice; Bioethics; COVID-19; Fairness; Health Pandemics; Resource Allocation; Decision Making
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      Huang, Karen, Regan Bernhard, Netta Barak-Corren, Max Bazerman, and Joshua D. Greene. "Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Mitigates Self-Serving Bias in Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Crisis." Judgment and Decision Making 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–19.
      • December 2020
      • Supplement

      France Télécom (B): A Wave of Staff Suicides

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      In the B case we learn that at least 19 France Telecom employees took their own lives between 2006 and 2009, 12 others attempted suicide, and eight suffered from serious depression for reasons reportedly related to work. Some of these deaths occurred in public places,... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Health; Change; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; Labor and Management Relations; Labor Unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems and Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European Union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (B): A Wave of Staff Suicides." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-421, December 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Case

      Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight?

      By: Stephen A. Greyser and William Ellet
      Four college friends market a beverage that combines ingredients like those in a drink they consumed in college bars. It includes a caffeinated energy drink, malt liquor, and a soft drink flavoring. They launch the business, Big Boom Beverages (BBB), with their own... View Details
      Keywords: Alcoholic Beverages; Energy Drinks; Regulation; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Marketing Communications; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Reputation; Communication Strategy; Decision Making
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      Greyser, Stephen A., and William Ellet. "Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight?" Harvard Business School Brief Case 920-557, May 2020.
      • November 26, 2019
      • Article

      Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Favors the Greater Good

      By: Karen Huang, Joshua D. Greene and Max Bazerman
      The “veil of ignorance” is a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial decision-making by denying decision-makers access to potentially biasing information about who will benefit most or least from the available options. Veil-of-ignorance reasoning was... View Details
      Keywords: Policy Making; Procedural Justice; Ethics; Decision Making; Policy; Fairness
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      Huang, Karen, Joshua D. Greene, and Max Bazerman. "Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Favors the Greater Good." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 48 (November 26, 2019).
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Favors the Greater Good

      By: Karen Huang, Joshua D. Greene and Max Bazerman
      The “veil of ignorance” is a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial decision-making by denying decision-makers access to potentially biasing information about who will benefit most or least from the available options. Veil-of-ignorance reasoning was... View Details
      Keywords: Policy-making; Procedural Justice; Ethics; Decision Making; Fairness
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      Huang, Karen, Joshua D. Greene, and Max Bazerman. "Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Favors the Greater Good." Working Paper, October 2019.
      • Article

      Consistent Belief in a Good True Self in Misanthropes and Three Interdependent Cultures

      By: Julian De Freitas, Hagop Sarkissian, George E. Newman, Igor Grossman, Felipe De Brigard, Andres Luco and Joshua Knobe
      People sometimes explain behavior by appealing to an essentialist concept of the self, often referred to as the true self. Existing studies suggest that people tend to believe that the true self is morally virtuous; that is deep inside, every person is motivated to... View Details
      Keywords: Concepts; Social Cognition; Moral Reasoning; True Self; Culture; Misanthropy; Behavior; Values and Beliefs; Moral Sensibility
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      De Freitas, Julian, Hagop Sarkissian, George E. Newman, Igor Grossman, Felipe De Brigard, Andres Luco, and Joshua Knobe. "Consistent Belief in a Good True Self in Misanthropes and Three Interdependent Cultures." Cognitive Science 42, no. S1 (2018): 134–160.
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      New Prospects for Organizational Democracy?: How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs

      By: Julie Battilana, Michael Fuerstein and Michael Lee
      For an extended period during the first half of the 20th century, industrial democracy was a vibrant movement, with ideological and organizational ties to a thriving unionism. In 2015, however, things look different. While there are instances of democracy in the... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Social Enterprise; Values and Beliefs; Integration; Theory
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      Battilana, Julie, Michael Fuerstein, and Michael Lee. "New Prospects for Organizational Democracy? How the Joint Pursuit of Social and Financial Goals Challenges Traditional Organizational Designs." In Capitalism Beyond Mutuality? Perspectives Integrating Philosophy and Social Science, edited by Subramanian Rangan, 256–288. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018.
      • March 2018 (Revised November 2018)
      • Case

      Managing Religion in the Workplace: Abercrombie & Fitch and Masterpiece Cakeshop

      By: Derek van Bever
      Challenges related to managing religion in the workplace are on the rise, as are religious discrimination claims and monetary settlements, in the United States and around the world. This case examines two incidents of alleged religious discrimination that made their... View Details
      Keywords: Religious Discrimination; First Amendment; Religious Freedom Restoration Act; Business Ethics; Religion And Business; Management; EEOC; Ethics; Religion; Conflict Management; Retail Industry; United States
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      van Bever, Derek. "Managing Religion in the Workplace: Abercrombie & Fitch and Masterpiece Cakeshop." Harvard Business School Case 318-127, March 2018. (Revised November 2018.)
      • July 2017
      • Article

      Business Responsibilities for Human Rights: A Commentary on Arnold

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh
      Human rights have come to play a prominent role in debates about the responsibilities of business. In the business ethics literature, there are two approaches to the question of whether businesses have human rights obligations. The “moral” approach conceives of human... View Details
      Keywords: Rights; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Moral Sensibility; Society
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê. "Business Responsibilities for Human Rights: A Commentary on Arnold." Business and Human Rights Journal 2, no. 2 (July 2017): 297–309.
      • 2017
      • Book

      Profits and Sustainability: A History of Green Entrepreneurship

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This book explores whether profits and environmental sustainability are compatible through the lens of a global history of green entrepreneurship between the nineteenth century and today. It tells the story of the extraordinary and often eccentric men and women who... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Entrepreneurship; Green Business; Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Business History; Religion; Environmental Sustainability; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Alternative Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Green Technology Industry; Tourism Industry; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; North and Central America; Oceania
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      Jones, Geoffrey. Profits and Sustainability: A History of Green Entrepreneurship. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.
      • 2015
      • Article

      Beliefs About the True Self Explain Asymmetries Based on Moral Judgment

      By: George E. Newman, Julian De Freitas and Joshua Knobe
      Past research has identified a number of asymmetries based on moral judgments. Beliefs about (a) what a person values, (b) whether a person is happy, (c) whether a person has shown weakness of will, and (d) whether a person deserves praise or blame seem to depend... View Details
      Keywords: Concepts; Social Cognition; Moral Reasoning; True Self; Values; Weakness Of Will; Blame; Values and Beliefs; Identity; Moral Sensibility; Happiness
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      Newman, George E., Julian De Freitas, and Joshua Knobe. "Beliefs About the True Self Explain Asymmetries Based on Moral Judgment." Cognitive Science 39, no. 1 (2015): 96–125.
      • August 19, 2015
      • Article

      The Slow Decay and Quick Revival of Self-deception

      By: Zoe Chance, Francesca Gino, Michael I. Norton and Dan Ariely
      People demonstrate an impressive ability to self-deceive, distorting misbehavior to reflect positively on themselves—for example, by cheating on a test and believing that their inflated performance reflects their true ability. But what happens to self-deception when... View Details
      Keywords: Self-deception; Cheating; Self-enhancement; Positive Illusions; Motivated Reasoning; Perception; Behavior; Ethics
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      Chance, Zoe, Francesca Gino, Michael I. Norton, and Dan Ariely. "The Slow Decay and Quick Revival of Self-deception." Art. 1075. Frontiers in Psychology 6 (August 19, 2015): 1–6.
      • February 2014 (Revised December 2016)
      • Case

      Aldi: The Dark Horse Discounter

      By: Eric Van den Steen and David Lane
      In 2013, Aldi—the world's 8th largest retailer—planned to accelerate its US expansion. Aldi was a German-based hard discounter that sold a limited assortment of private-label groceries and household items in barebones stores. Despite its presence with 1200 stores in 32... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Strategy; Value Creation; Values and Beliefs
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      Van den Steen, Eric, and David Lane. "Aldi: The Dark Horse Discounter." Harvard Business School Case 714-474, February 2014. (Revised December 2016.)
      • May 2013
      • Article

      Sweatshop Labor Is Wrong Unless the Shoes Are Cute: Cognition Can Both Hurt and Help Motivated Moral Reasoning

      By: Neeru Paharia, Kathleen Vohs and Rohit Deshpandé
      The present research investigated the dual role of cognition as either an enabler of moral reasoning or self-interested motivated reasoning for endorsing sweatshop labor. Experiment 1A showed motivated reasoning: participants were more likely to endorse the use of... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Motivation and Incentives; Working Conditions; Cognition and Thinking
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      Paharia, Neeru, Kathleen Vohs, and Rohit Deshpandé. "Sweatshop Labor Is Wrong Unless the Shoes Are Cute: Cognition Can Both Hurt and Help Motivated Moral Reasoning." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 121, no. 1 (May 2013): 81–88.
      • Article

      Effects of Description of Options on Parental Perinatal Decision-Making

      By: Marlyse F. Haward, Leslie K. John, John M. Lorenz and Baruch Fischhoff
      Objective: To examine whether parents' delivery room management decisions for extremely preterm infants are influenced by (a) the degree of detail with which options-comfort care (CC) or intensive care (IC)-are presented or (b) their order of presentation. Methods: 309... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Values and Beliefs; Personal Characteristics; Attitudes; Motivation and Incentives; Family and Family Relationships; Health Care and Treatment
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      Haward, Marlyse F., Leslie K. John, John M. Lorenz, and Baruch Fischhoff. "Effects of Description of Options on Parental Perinatal Decision-Making." Pediatrics 129, no. 5 (May 2012): 891–902.
      • 2012
      • Case

      Advanced Leadership Pathways: Shelly London and Ethics Education—'Strengthening Our Moral Compass'

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Anne Arlinghaus
      Shelly London and Ethics Education — 'Strengthening Our Moral Compass' 2009 AL Fellow
      Following a successful career as a Senior Vice President, Vice President, and Chief Communications Officer at two large corporate companies, Shelly London set out to promote... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Skills; Ethics Education; Initiatives; Morality; Moral Compass; Prima Facie; Grassroots Movement; Ethical Reasoning; Decision-making; Social Media; Media Relations; Family Dinner Project; Public Conversations Project; Laura Chasin; Computer Games; Video Games; Quandary; Organizational Structure; Infrastructure; Ethics; Education; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Decision Making; Leadership; Innovation and Management; Education Industry; Service Industry; North and Central America
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Anne Arlinghaus. "Advanced Leadership Pathways: Shelly London and Ethics Education—'Strengthening Our Moral Compass'." Harvard Business Publishing Case 313-028, 2012. (Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative.)
      • February 2012
      • Article

      Walking the Talk in Multiparty Bargaining: An Experimental Investigation

      By: Kathleen L. McGinn, Katherine L. Milkman and Markus Noth
      We study the framing effects of communication on payoffs in multiparty bargaining. Communication has been shown to be more truthful and revealing than predicted in equilibrium. Because talk is preference revealing, it may effectively frame bargaining around a logic of... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Negotiation Process; Fairness; Negotiation Types; Interpersonal Communication; Game Theory; Cooperation
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      McGinn, Kathleen L., Katherine L. Milkman, and Markus Noth. "Walking the Talk in Multiparty Bargaining: An Experimental Investigation." Journal of Economic Psychology 33, no. 1 (February 2012).
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