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Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (17)

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    • All HBS Web  (230)
      • Faculty Publications  (17)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Crossing the Design-Use Divide: How Process Manipulation Shapes the Design and Use of AI

      By: Rebecca Karp
      Existing literature often separates research on the design of innovations from their implementation and use, neglecting the role of selection—how organizations choose which innovations to implement. Although scholars suggest scientific approaches for selecting novel... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Technology Adoption; Groups and Teams; Prejudice and Bias
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      Karp, Rebecca. "Crossing the Design-Use Divide: How Process Manipulation Shapes the Design and Use of AI." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-034, January 2025.
      • October 2024
      • Article

      Sampling Bias in Entrepreneurial Experiments

      By: Ruiqing Cao, Rembrand Koning and Ramana Nanda
      Using data from a prominent online platform for launching new digital products, we document that ‘sampling bias’—defined as the difference between a startup’s target customer base and the actual sample on which early ‘beta tests’ are conducted—has a systematic and... View Details
      Keywords: Target Market; Sampling Biases; Beta Testing; Product Launch; Entrepreneurship; Gender
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      Cao, Ruiqing, Rembrand Koning, and Ramana Nanda. "Sampling Bias in Entrepreneurial Experiments." Management Science 70, no. 10 (October 2024): 7283–7307.
      • March 2023 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Close Concerns: Diabetes Research and Advocacy

      By: Regina Herzlinger and Brian L. Walker
      Diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 18, Kelly Close understood the importance of balancing consistency and iteration. This principle had also informed her professional work, which started with a rapid promotion from financial analyst at Goldman Sachs to an analyst... View Details
      Keywords: Diabetes; Health; Health Care; Health Care And Treatment; Health Care Outcomes; Health Care Industry; Knowledge Dissemination; Outcome or Result; Equality and Inequality; Business Model; Entrepreneurship
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      Herzlinger, Regina, and Brian L. Walker. "Close Concerns: Diabetes Research and Advocacy." Harvard Business School Case 323-047, March 2023. (Revised March 2025.)
      • March 2022 (Revised March 2023)
      • Case

      Commercial Space Stations, Chickens and Eggs, and Demand for Activity in Low-Earth Orbit

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Brendan L. Rosseau
      With the International Space Station set to retire in January 2031, NASA has made clear its desire to transition to commercially-led space stations in low-earth orbit (LEO). But the history of commercial station attempts has been fraught, characterized by a lack of... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Opportunities; Business Model; Travel Industry; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Brendan L. Rosseau. "Commercial Space Stations, Chickens and Eggs, and Demand for Activity in Low-Earth Orbit." Harvard Business School Case 722-059, March 2022. (Revised March 2023.)
      • 2021
      • Article

      How Top Managers Use the Entrepreneurial Gap to Drive Strategic Change

      By: Robert L. Simons and Antonio Davila
      Prior research provides strong evidence for the association between business strategy and the design and use of management control systems. We complement this research by examining the role of management control systems in situations of strategic change. We report the... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Accountability; Strategic Change; Organization Change And Adaptation; Organizational Performance; Management Systems; Organizational Structure; Corporate Accountability; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance
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      Simons, Robert L., and Antonio Davila. "How Top Managers Use the Entrepreneurial Gap to Drive Strategic Change." European Accounting Review 30, no. 4 (2021): 583–609.
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Plan

      Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship

      By: George Serafeim
      Jarrid Tingle and Henri Pierre-Jacques had spent the summer between their first and second years of their MBA program fund raising for their start-up venture capital (VC) firm, Harlem Capital Partners. Harlem Capital was founded upon the principle that addressing the... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital Firm Compensation; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Financing; Black Entrepreneurs; Black Leadership; Black Inventors; Inclusion; Minority-owned Businesses; Race And Ethnicity; Race Characteristics; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Diversity; Race; Gender; Mission and Purpose; Social Enterprise; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George. "Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 121-027, September 2020.
      • October 2019
      • Case

      Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship (A)

      By: George Serafeim
      Jarrid Tingle and Henri Pierre-Jacques had spent the summer between their first and second years of their Harvard Business School MBA program fund raising for their start-up venture capital (VC) firm, Harlem Capital Partners. Harlem Capital was founded upon the... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Gender Bias; Gender Inequality; Minority Representation; Entrepreneurial Finance; Investment Management; Investing; Inequality; Race And Ethnicity; Black Entrepreneurs; Black Inventors; Black Leadership; Venture Investing; Fund Raising; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Diversity; Gender; Race; Equality and Inequality; Equity; Mission and Purpose; Investment Funds; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George, and David Freiberg. "Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-040, October 2019.
      • 2017
      • Article

      Scaling: Organizing and Growth in Entrepreneurial Ventures

      By: Alicia DeSantola and Ranjay Gulati
      Entrepreneurial ventures face unique challenges related to growth, particularly in the management of internal organizations. Progress on understanding these dynamics has been constrained by fragmentation within relevant management research. In this paper, we clarify... View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      DeSantola, Alicia, and Ranjay Gulati. "Scaling: Organizing and Growth in Entrepreneurial Ventures." Academy of Management Annals 11, no. 2 (2017): 640–668.
      • June 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Google to Alphabet: Two Job Opportunities

      By: Robert Simons and Jennifer Packard
      This is the teaching note for "Google to Alphabet: Two Job Opportunities" HBS No.116-046 The case describes two job postings for positions at Google. The first job posting is for a Software Engineer in the Google Maps unit and the second job posting is for an Account... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy And Execution; Span Of Control; Span Of Accountability; Span Of Support; Management Control Systems; Entrepreneurial Gap; Motivation; Job Design; Strategy; Information Technology; Organizational Design; Jobs and Positions; Technology Industry
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      Simons, Robert, and Jennifer Packard. "Google to Alphabet: Two Job Opportunities." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 117-066, June 2017.
      • Other Article

      My Favorite Slide: The Entrepreneurial Gap Applied to Health Care

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Robert Simons
      Value-based health care increases physicians’ accountability for patient outcomes. Many have resisted, claiming that patient outcomes are influenced by many forces outside their control, such as patient’s compliance with post-acute and rehab care. The difference... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Outcome or Result; Motivation and Incentives
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Robert Simons. "My Favorite Slide: The Entrepreneurial Gap Applied to Health Care." NEJM Catalyst (March 8, 2017). (Blog Post.)
      • February 2017 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem (Abridged)

      By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
      In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “start-up nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Government and Politics; Economy; Equality and Inequality; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Margot Eiran. "From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 517-103, February 2017. (Revised December 2018.)
      • December 2016 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem

      By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
      In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “startup nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he... View Details
      Keywords: Israel; Israeli Start-up Nation; Innovation Economy; Entrepreneurial Mindset; Scaling-up; Unicorns; Innovation Clusters; High-tech; Innovation Management; Multinational Corporation R&D Centers; Social Equality; Two-tier Economy; Liberalizing An Economy; Foreign Investment; Military Service; Quality Of Human Capital; Socioeconomic Gaps; Labor Force Participation; Government Initiatives; Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Business Startups; Government and Politics; Economy; Equality and Inequality; Education; Resource Allocation; Globalization; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Margot Eiran. "From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 517-066, December 2016. (Revised December 2018.)
      • 2014
      • Article

      Investors Prefer Entrepreneurial Ventures Pitched by Attractive Men

      By: Alison Wood Brooks, Laura Huang, Sarah Kearney and Fiona Murray
      Entrepreneurship is a central path to job creation, economic growth, and prosperity. In the earliest stages of start-up business creation, the matching of entrepreneurial ventures to investors is critically important. The entrepreneur's business proposition and... View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Entrepreneurship; Investment; Gender
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      Brooks, Alison Wood, Laura Huang, Sarah Kearney, and Fiona Murray. "Investors Prefer Entrepreneurial Ventures Pitched by Attractive Men." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 12 (March 25, 2014): 4427–4431.
      • 2013
      • Article

      Achievement Motivation, Strategic Orientations and Business Performance in Entrepreneurial Firms: How Different are Japanese and American Founders?

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Amir Grinstein, Elie Ofek and Sang-Hoon Kim
      Purpose: There is lack of research on the link between the personal disposition of an entrepreneurial firm's founder, the firm's strategic orientation, and its performance outcomes. Also, there is lack of cross-national research on entrepreneurial firms' strategic... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation; Entrepreneurs; Japan; Motivation and Incentives; Entrepreneurship; Japan; United States
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Amir Grinstein, Elie Ofek, and Sang-Hoon Kim. "Achievement Motivation, Strategic Orientations and Business Performance in Entrepreneurial Firms: How Different are Japanese and American Founders?" International Marketing Review 30, no. 3 (2013).
      • February 2013 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Agero: Enhancing Capabilities for Customers

      By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred

      This case illustrates the importance of choosing a primary customer as the basis for organization design. Cross Country Group managers adjusted resource allocation, organization design and performance measures over time to transform Cross Country Group from an... View Details

      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurial Gap; Entrepreneurship; Auto Industry; Insurance; Performance Management; Performance Measurement; Performance Measures; Performance Pressure; Decisions; Family Business; Resource Allocation; Organizational Design; Customer Focus and Relationships; Performance Evaluation; Growth and Development Strategy; Service Industry
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      Simons, Robert, and Natalie Kindred. "Agero: Enhancing Capabilities for Customers." Harvard Business School Case 113-001, February 2013. (Revised March 2013.)
      • September 2012 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Entrepreneurial Finance in Finland?

      By: William R. Kerr, Ramana Nanda and Alexis Brownell
      This case describes a new venture attempting to bring early-stage entrepreneurial financing to Finland and other Nordic countries. Entrepreneurship is taking off in Finland, an area that historically has had little venture capital or high-growth start-up activity, but... View Details
      Keywords: Angels; Angel Investors; VC; Micro-VC; Accelerator; Incubator; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; Finland; Scandinavia; Europe
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      Kerr, William R., Ramana Nanda, and Alexis Brownell. "Entrepreneurial Finance in Finland?" Harvard Business School Case 813-068, September 2012. (Revised March 2013.)
      • March 2010 (Revised September 2010)
      • Case

      TeamLease: Putting India to Work (Il) Legally

      By: Tarun Khanna and Anjali Raina
      This case focuses on the growth dilemmas facing Manish Sabharwal, co-founder, TeamLease Services Pvt. Ltd. TeamLease is a human resource outsourcing and temp staffing company located in India, which has grown rapidly from 2002 to 2009. Set in the context of the highly... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Employment; Human Capital; Lawfulness; Leadership; Growth and Development Strategy; Demand and Consumers; Power and Influence; Employment Industry; India
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Anjali Raina. "TeamLease: Putting India to Work (Il) Legally." Harvard Business School Case 710-402, March 2010. (Revised September 2010.)
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