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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (1,312)
      • Faculty Publications  (162)

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      • May 2025
      • Case

      'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation

      By: Lauren Cohen, Christina R. Wing and Sophia Pan
      Elizabeth McGeveran, Vice President of Investments at the McKnight Foundation, reflected on how to effectively advance the organization’s net-zero strategy. The foundation had committed 10% of its endowment to building a portfolio of impact investments and was among... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Fund; Philanthropy; Charitable Donations; Sustainability; Foundation; Impact Investing; ESG; Family Business; Forecasting and Prediction; Private Sector; Renewable Energy; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Institutional Investing; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Private Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Social Issues; Sustainable Cities; Financial Services Industry; Minnesota; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, Christina R. Wing, and Sophia Pan. "'Net Zero in Action': Impact Investing at the McKnight Foundation." Harvard Business School Case 225-095, May 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact

      By: Lauren Cohen, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo and Mariana Cal
      In early 2024 Erika Bienek, Chief Community Relations Officer at Techint, had to decide whether to invest in a new company-owned and operated technical school in Veracruz, Mexico, or invest instead in strengthening the city’s public education system. Techint, a global... View Details
      Keywords: Technical Institutes; Community Relations; Social Impact; Argentina; Mexico; Brazil; Conglomerate; Stakeholder Management; Government And Business; Community Impact; Philanthropy; Business Conglomerates; Business Subsidiaries; Business Headquarters; Family Business; Decision Making; Private Sector; Public Sector; Education; Curriculum and Courses; Middle School Education; Secondary Education; Teaching; Training; Learning; Energy; Engineering; Construction; Values and Beliefs; Geography; Global Range; Local Range; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Firms and Management; Government Legislation; Recruitment; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Knowledge; Resource Allocation; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Family Ownership; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business and Government Relations; Creativity; Reputation; Social and Collaborative Networks; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Poverty; Strategy; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Europe; Italy; Latin America; North and Central America; Mexico; North America; United States; South America; Argentina; Buenos Aires; Brazil
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      Cohen, Lauren, Virak Prum, Kenneth Charman, Pedro Levindo, and Mariana Cal. "Techint: Strategic Choices for Community Impact." Harvard Business School Case 825-058, April 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Hurtigruten: Sea Zero

      By: Christian Kaps and Michael W. Toffel
      Hurtigruten was deciding whether the next ship they built should be fully electric. But such a vessel's battery, the size of electric cars, needed to be charged on the ship's multi-day voyage along the Norwegian coast. Before making such a $250 million investment, the... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Sources; Alternative Energy; Ship Transportation; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Management; Green Technology; Investment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Shipping Industry; Tourism Industry; Transportation Industry; Travel Industry; Battery Industry; Norway; Europe
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      Kaps, Christian, and Michael W. Toffel. "Hurtigruten: Sea Zero." Harvard Business School Case 625-100, March 2025.
      • March 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Bethelehem Y Araya
      In 2024, ITOCHU CEO Masahiro Okafuji was at a crossroads. As the thirteenth CEO since ITOCHU’s founding in 1858, he had fueled the company’s growth since 2011 by bringing ITOCHU’s founding philosophy of Sampo-yoshi (good for the seller, good for the buyer and... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Trust; Profit; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Japan
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Bethelehem Y Araya. "Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU." Harvard Business School Case 325-053, March 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      How to Choose Among Technologies with Learning Curves: Making Better Investment Decisions

      By: Christian Kaps and Arielle Anderer
      Learning curves, the fact that technologies improve as a function of cumulative experience or investment, are desirable-think inexpensive solar panels or higher performing semiconductors. But, for firms that need to pick one technology among several candidates, such as... View Details
      Keywords: Learning Curve; Technology; Innovation; Batteries; Energy Storage; Sequential Decision Making; TELCO; Exploration; Exploitation; Problems and Challenges; Cost vs Benefits; Technology Adoption; Battery Industry
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      Kaps, Christian, and Arielle Anderer. "How to Choose Among Technologies with Learning Curves: Making Better Investment Decisions." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      A Tiger in the Tank: Exxon Sues Investors

      By: Clayton S. Rose, Sarah Sasso and James Weber
      In June 2024, investors were trying to make sense of ExxonMobil’s (Exxon) lawsuit against two impact investors, Arjuna Capital (Arjuna) and Follow This, that had just been dismissed by the U.S. District Court of Northern Texas. Exxon’s suit challenged the rights of two... View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Satisfaction; Decision Making; Demographics; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Employees; Recruitment; Retention; Leadership; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Adaptation; Investment Activism; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business and Shareholder Relations; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; United States; Netherlands; Norway
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      Rose, Clayton S., Sarah Sasso, and James Weber. "A Tiger in the Tank: Exxon Sues Investors." Harvard Business School Case 325-015, January 2025.
      • December 2024
      • Supplement

      Northvolt: Building Batteries to Fight Climate Change (B)

      By: George Serafeim, Debora L. Spar, Peter Tufano, Hugo Etchegoyhen and Emilie Billaud
      The (B) case explores Northvolt’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing on November 21, 2024, highlighting the company’s struggles to scale operations amid a global EV market slowdown and internal production challenges. While the (A) case detailed Northvolt’s ambitious... View Details
      Keywords: Batteries; Electric Vehicles; Climate Change; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Energy; Green Technology; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Investment; Technological Innovation; Risk Management; Failure; Business and Government Relations; Business and Shareholder Relations; Transportation; Green Technology Industry; Europe; Sweden
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      Serafeim, George, Debora L. Spar, Peter Tufano, Hugo Etchegoyhen, and Emilie Billaud. "Northvolt: Building Batteries to Fight Climate Change (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 325-083, December 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Demond Martin and WellWithAll

      By: Hise Gibson, Archie L. Jones and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      This case study chronicles the transformative entrepreneurial path of Demond Martin, co-founder and CEO of WellWithAll, a health and wellness startup. Motivated by a pivotal life experience and deep concern for racial health inequities, Martin transitions from a... View Details
      Keywords: Customers; Diversity; Ethnicity; Race; Health; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Management Style; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Organizational Culture; Mission and Purpose; Relationships; Trust; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Investment; Business Startups; Transition; Entrepreneurship; Equality and Inequality; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; Health Industry; United States; Chicago; Boston; Atlanta; North Carolina; District of Columbia
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      Gibson, Hise, Archie L. Jones, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Demond Martin and WellWithAll." Harvard Business School Case 625-041, November 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets

      By: Joseph Pacelli, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia and James Weber
      In August of 2017, CSL Capital, a private equity fund founded and operated by Charlie Leykum (HBS ’04), was deciding to take one of its portfolio companies, Ranger Energy Services, public. Founded in 2014, Ranger Energy was an oilfield service company providing... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Initial Public Offering; Financial Strategy; Valuation; Private Equity; Business Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia, and James Weber. "Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets." Harvard Business School Case 125-023, October 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      When Batteries Meet Hydrogen: Dual-Storage Investments for Load-Shifting Purposes

      By: Christian Kaps and Simone Marinesi
      Power systems account for nearly 40% of global emissions. As the world tries to reduce emissions by increasing renewable penetration, storage technologies are playing an increasingly important role in matching variable renewable supply with demand. Batteries have... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Renewable Energy; Transition; Utilities Industry; Battery Industry
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      Kaps, Christian, and Simone Marinesi. "When Batteries Meet Hydrogen: Dual-Storage Investments for Load-Shifting Purposes." Working Paper, October 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital

      By: Rebecca Karp and Lena Duchene
      This case examines TechEnergy Ventures, the corporate venture capital (CVC) arm of the Techint Group, and its role in scaling innovation within the energy sector. Founded in 2021, TechEnergy Ventures operates with a mandate to invest in disruptive technologies to... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Alternative Energy; Renewable Energy; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Finance; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Growth and Development Strategy; Adaptation; Diversification; Innovation Strategy; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Italy; Europe; Latin America; Argentina
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      Karp, Rebecca, and Lena Duchene. "TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Case 725-393, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      InfraCredit and the Project Inception Facility

      By: John Macomber, Namrata Arora and Maagatha Kalavadakken
      Around the world, large infrastructure projects are frequently stymied by the high cost and high uncertainty of the project inception phase: the research and engineering and planning prior to financial close and start of construction. Could there be a new kind of... View Details
      Keywords: Infrastructure; Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Cost; Cash Flow; Capital; Assets; Financial Markets; Financial Strategy; Insurance; Energy; Product Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Business Strategy; Credit; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Africa; Nigeria
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      Macomber, John, Namrata Arora, and Maagatha Kalavadakken. "InfraCredit and the Project Inception Facility." Harvard Business School Case 225-027, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Topaz: Navigating Governance, Legacy, and Change

      By: Christina R. Wing and Carla Larangeira
      Since its founding in 2011, the Garza Sada brothers and their father positioned Topaz among leading family offices in Monterrey, Mexico, with several assets under management. Topaz aspired to have a transformative impact across multiple Mexican industries. An industry... View Details
      Keywords: Business Conglomerates; Family Business; Governing and Advisory Boards; Managerial Roles; Management Succession; Family Ownership; Corporate Governance; Organizational Structure; Adoption; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Latin America; Mexico
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      Wing, Christina R., and Carla Larangeira. "Topaz: Navigating Governance, Legacy, and Change." Harvard Business School Case 625-062, September 2024.
      • June 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Case

      Climate Governance at Linde plc (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud and Vincent Dessain
      In July 2023, the Linde plc board of directors' sustainability committee convened in London to review the company's environmental performance, with a focus on decarbonization and clean energy. Linde was the world's largest industrial gas supplier, with a workforce of... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Compensation and Benefits; Innovation Strategy; Leading Change; Goals and Objectives; Business and Shareholder Relations; Chemical Industry; United States; Germany; Europe; North America; London
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      Paine, Lynn S., Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud, and Vincent Dessain. "Climate Governance at Linde plc (A)." Harvard Business School Case 324-140, June 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • June 2024
      • Supplement

      Climate Governance at Linde plc (B)

      By: Lynn S. Paine, Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud and Vincent Dessain
      In July 2023, the Linde plc board of directors' sustainability committee convened in London to review the company's environmental performance, with a focus on decarbonization and clean energy. Linde was the world's largest industrial gas supplier, with a workforce of... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Compensation and Benefits; Innovation Strategy; Leading Change; Goals and Objectives; Business and Shareholder Relations; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; United States; Germany; Europe; North America; London
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      Paine, Lynn S., Suraj Srinivasan, Emilie Billaud, and Vincent Dessain. "Climate Governance at Linde plc (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-141, June 2024.
      • April 2024
      • Supplement

      Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs

      By: George Serafeim
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Abatement; Sustainability; Recycling; Waste Management; Technology; Entrepreneurial Management; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Decisions; Energy Conservation; Investment Return; Profit; Technological Innovation; Patents; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Wastes and Waste Processing; Business Strategy; Competition; Expansion; Technology Adoption; Sports; Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rubber Industry; Sports Industry; Denmark; Netherlands; France; United States; Pennsylvania; Europe
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      Serafeim, George. "Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 124-707, April 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Case

      Can Cities Beat the Heat? (A): A Comparative Analysis of Climate Actions and Change Enablers in 14 U.S. Cities

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      Throughout the early 2000's, emphasis was placed on initiatives to adapt to and mitigate climate action in cities. This series presents overviews (snapshots) of 14 U.S. metropolitan regions to help identify similarities, differences, and opportunities for developing... View Details
      Keywords: Climate; Climate Impact; Innovation; Mitigation Policies; Carbon Footprint; Investing; Climate Finance; Renewable; Mobility; City; Climate Change; Adaptation; Renewable Energy; Weather; Problems and Challenges; United States; Boston; Detroit; Miami; Minneapolis; St. Paul; Pittsburgh; Seattle; San Jose
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Can Cities Beat the Heat? (A): A Comparative Analysis of Climate Actions and Change Enablers in 14 U.S. Cities." Harvard Business School Case 324-080, February 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Supplement

      Can Cities Beat the Heat? (B1): Birmingham Climate Action Snapshot

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Natania Elias and Jacob A. Small
      Climate snapshots provide a summary of climate actions that occurred between 2018 and 2024, highlighting major green initiatives, innovations, carbon mitigation strategy, and action across multiple levels of government and the private sector. Snapshots also provide an... View Details
      Keywords: Mitigation Policies; Carbon Footprint; Climate Finance; Mobility; Adaptation; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Problems and Challenges; Sustainable Cities; City; Innovation Strategy; Investment; United States; Alabama
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Natania Elias, and Jacob A. Small. "Can Cities Beat the Heat? (B1): Birmingham Climate Action Snapshot." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-082, February 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Supplement

      Can Cities Beat the Heat? (B10): Pittsburgh Climate Action Snapshot

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Coelin P. Scibetta and Jacob A. Small
      Climate snapshots provide a summary of climate actions that occurred between 2018 and 2024, highlighting major green initiatives, innovations, carbon mitigation strategy, and action across multiple levels of government and the private sector. Snapshots also provide an... View Details
      Keywords: Mitigation Policies; Carbon Footprint; Climate Finance; Mobility; Adaptation; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Problems and Challenges; Sustainable Cities; City; Innovation Strategy; Investment; United States; Pittsburgh
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Coelin P. Scibetta, and Jacob A. Small. "Can Cities Beat the Heat? (B10): Pittsburgh Climate Action Snapshot." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-091, February 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Supplement

      Can Cities Beat the Heat? (B11): Salt Lake City Climate Action Snapshot

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Praveen Kumar and Jacob A. Small
      Climate snapshots provide a summary of climate actions that occurred between 2018 and 2024, highlighting major green initiatives, innovations, carbon mitigation strategy, and action across multiple levels of government and the private sector. Snapshots also provide an... View Details
      Keywords: Mitigation Policies; Carbon Footprint; Climate Finance; Mobility; Adaptation; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Problems and Challenges; Sustainable Cities; City; Innovation Strategy; Investment; United States; Utah
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Praveen Kumar, and Jacob A. Small. "Can Cities Beat the Heat? (B11): Salt Lake City Climate Action Snapshot." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-092, February 2024.
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