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    • All HBS Web  (1,300)
      • Faculty Publications  (226)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions

      By: Julian De Freitas, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp and Ahmet Kaan-Uğuralp
      AI-companion apps such as Replika, Chai, and Character.ai promise relational benefits—yet many boast session lengths that rival gaming platforms while suffering high long-run churn. What conversational design features increase consumer engagement, and what trade-offs... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Chatbots; Emotional Manipulation; User Retention; Dark Side Of Technology; Consumer Welfare; Ethics
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      De Freitas, Julian, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, and Ahmet Kaan-Uğuralp. "Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 26-005, August 2025.
      • July–August 2025
      • Article

      Passion Penalizes Women and Advantages (Unexceptional) Men in High-Potential Designations

      By: Joyce He, Jon M. Jachimowicz and Celia Moore
      High potential programs offer a swift path up the corporate ladder for those who secure a place on them. However, the evaluation of “potential” occurs under considerable uncertainty, creating fertile ground for gender bias. We document that men are more likely than... View Details
      Keywords: Passion; Potential; Gender; Motivation and Incentives; Performance; Talent and Talent Management
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      He, Joyce, Jon M. Jachimowicz, and Celia Moore. "Passion Penalizes Women and Advantages (Unexceptional) Men in High-Potential Designations." Organization Science 36, no. 4 (July–August 2025): 1438–1465.
      • Summer 2025
      • Article

      Does Marriage Have a Future?

      By: Debora L. Spar and Aryanna Garber
      The article explores how technology is reshaping the institution of marriage, highlighting significant changes in societal norms and personal relationships. It discusses the decline in marriage rates in industrialized nations, particularly Japan and the United States,... View Details
      Keywords: Family and Family Relationships; Technology Adoption; Society; Transformation; Emotions
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      Spar, Debora L., and Aryanna Garber. "Does Marriage Have a Future?" New Atlantis: A Journal of Technology & Society 81 (Summer 2025): 20–33.
      • June 2025
      • Article

      Riding the Passion Wave or Fighting to Stay Afloat? A Theory of Differentiated Passion Contagion

      By: Emma Frank, Kai Krautter, Wen Wu and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Prior research suggests that employees benefit from highly passionate teammates because passion spreads easily from one employee to the next. We develop theory to propose that life in high-passion teams may not be as uniformly advantageous as previously assumed. We... View Details
      Keywords: Passion; Emotional Contagion; Emotions; Groups and Teams; Employees; Power and Influence; Performance Improvement
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      Frank, Emma, Kai Krautter, Wen Wu, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Riding the Passion Wave or Fighting to Stay Afloat? A Theory of Differentiated Passion Contagion." Administrative Science Quarterly 70, no. 2 (June 2025): 444–495.
      • June 2025
      • Article

      Unregulated Emotional Risks of AI Wellness Apps

      By: Julian De Freitas and Glenn Cohen
      We propose that AI-driven wellness apps powered by large language models can foster extreme emotional attachments and dependencies akin to human relationships—posing risks like ambiguous loss and dysfunctional dependence—that challenge current regulatory frameworks and... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Emotions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      De Freitas, Julian, and Glenn Cohen. "Unregulated Emotional Risks of AI Wellness Apps." Nature Machine Intelligence 7, no. 6 (June 2025): 813–815.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      IQanat: Empowering Rural Youth in Kazakhstan

      By: Boris Groysberg and Maxim Pike Harrell
      In June 2025, IQanat CEO Aliya Salikova considered scaling opportunities for the foundation, which provided educational opportunities for children from rural regions of Kazakhstan. Established by Kazakhstani businessman and philanthropist Aidyn Rakhimbayev, IQanat... View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Leadership; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Rural Scope; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Equality and Inequality; Education Industry; Central Asia; Kazakhstan
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Maxim Pike Harrell. "IQanat: Empowering Rural Youth in Kazakhstan." Harvard Business School Case 425-077, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      The Cybernetic Teammate: A Field Experiment on Generative AI Reshaping Teamwork and Expertise

      By: Fabrizio Dell'Acqua, Charles Ayoubi, Hila Lifshitz, Raffaella Sadun, Ethan Mollick, Lilach Mollick, Yi Han, Jeff Goldman, Hari Nair, Stew Taub and Karim R. Lakhani
      We examine how artificial intelligence transforms the core pillars of collaboration— performance, expertise sharing, and social engagement—through a pre-registered field experiment with 776 professionals at Procter & Gamble, a global consumer packaged goods company.... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Teamwork; Human-machine Interaction; Productivity; Skills; Innovation; Field Experiment; AI and Machine Learning; Groups and Teams; Competency and Skills; Performance Productivity; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Product Development
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      Dell'Acqua, Fabrizio, Charles Ayoubi, Hila Lifshitz, Raffaella Sadun, Ethan Mollick, Lilach Mollick, Yi Han, Jeff Goldman, Hari Nair, Stew Taub, and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Cybernetic Teammate: A Field Experiment on Generative AI Reshaping Teamwork and Expertise." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-043, March 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Is Love Blind? AI-Powered Trading with Emotional Dividends

      By: De-Rong Kong and Daniel Rabetti
      We leverage the non-fungible tokens (NFTs) setting to assess the valuation of emotional dividends (LOVE), a long-standing empirical challenge in private-value markets such as art, antiques, and collectibles. Having created and validated our proxy, we use deep learning... View Details
      Keywords: NFTs; Non-fungible Tokens; AI and Machine Learning; Valuation; Financial Markets
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      Kong, De-Rong, and Daniel Rabetti. "Is Love Blind? AI-Powered Trading with Emotional Dividends." Working Paper, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Article

      Emotion Regulation Contagion Drives Reduction in Negative Intergroup Emotions

      By: Michael Pinus, Yajun Cao, Eran Halperin, Alin Coman, James J. Gross and Amit Goldenberg
      When emotions occur in groups, they sometimes impact group behavior in undesired ways. Reducing group’s emotions with emotion regulation interventions can be helpful, but may also be a challenge, because treating every person in the group is often infeasible. One... View Details
      Keywords: Emotion Contagion; Emotion; Emotion Regulation; Groups and Teams; Emotions; Conflict and Resolution
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      Pinus, Michael, Yajun Cao, Eran Halperin, Alin Coman, James J. Gross, and Amit Goldenberg. "Emotion Regulation Contagion Drives Reduction in Negative Intergroup Emotions." Art. 1387. Nature Communications 16 (2025).
      • 2025
      • Book

      Talk: The Science of Conversation and the Art of Being Ourselves

      By: Alison Wood Brooks
      We all struggle with difficult conversations, but we're often not very good at easy ones either. Though we do it all the time, conversation is one of the most complex, demanding, and delicate of all human tasks, rife with possibilities for misinterpretation and... View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication
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      Brooks, Alison Wood. Talk: The Science of Conversation and the Art of Being Ourselves. Crown, 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Why Most Resist AI Companions

      By: Julian De Freitas, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp and Stefano Puntoni
      AI companion applications—designed to serve as synthetic interaction partners—have recently become capable enough to reduce loneliness, a growing public health concern. However, behavioral research has yet to fully explain the barriers to adoption of such AI and... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Chatbots; Artificial Intelligence; Algorithmic Aversion; Lonelines; Technology Adoption; AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Emotions
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      De Freitas, Julian, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, and Stefano Puntoni. "Why Most Resist AI Companions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-030, December 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Priceless: How to Create, Trade, and Protect What Matters Most

      By: Debora L. Spar
      This article explores the concept of the "sacred economy," a realm of human interactions and exchanges that transcends traditional market dynamics. It illustrates the emotional and relational aspects of human connections that cannot be quantified or traded like... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Relationships; Human Needs; Goods and Commodities
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      Spar, Debora L. "Priceless: How to Create, Trade, and Protect What Matters Most." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-028, November 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Article

      Strategic Decision Making at Platform Transitions: The Case of Nokia (2010-2011).

      By: Timo O. Vuori and Michael Tushman
      We studied Nokia’s decision to adopt the Windows platform in 2011 to induce new theory on the emotional dynamics of incumbent firms’ strategic decision making at platform transitions. We find that platform companies’ entry into an established industry activates a... View Details
      Keywords: Emotions; Technology Adoption; Corporate Strategy; Transition
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      Vuori, Timo O., and Michael Tushman. "Strategic Decision Making at Platform Transitions: The Case of Nokia (2010-2011)." Strategic Management Journal 45, no. 10 (October 2024): 2018–2062.
      • July 2024
      • Case

      Replika AI: Alleviating Loneliness (A)

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      Eugenia Kuyda launched Replika AI in 2017 as an empathetic digital companion to combat loneliness and provide emotional support. The platform surged in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering non-judgmental support to isolated users. By 2023, Replika boasted... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Health Pandemics; AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Technology Industry
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "Replika AI: Alleviating Loneliness (A)." Harvard Business School Case 824-088, July 2024.
      • April 2024
      • Article

      An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity

      By: Anne-Claire Pache, Julie Battilana and Channing Spencer
      Hybrid organizations must sustainably attend to multiple goals embedded in different institutional spheres. Past research has highlighted the value for hybrids in recruiting board members representing different logics to avoid attentional drifts; yet, diverse boards... View Details
      Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Business or Company Management; Organizational Structure
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      Pache, Anne-Claire, Julie Battilana, and Channing Spencer. "An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity." Academy of Management Journal 67, no. 2 (April 2024): 437–467.
      • April 2024
      • Article

      How Our Ideological Out-Group Shapes Our Emotional Response to Our Shared Socio-Political Reality

      By: Julia Elad-Strenger, Amit Goldenberg, Tamar Saguy and Eran Halperin
      What shapes our emotional responses to socio-political events? Following the social identity approach, we suggest that individuals adjust their emotional responses to socio-political stimuli based on their ideological out-group's responses, in a manner that preserves... View Details
      Keywords: Political Ideology; Emotions; Identity; Groups and Teams; Israel
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      Elad-Strenger, Julia, Amit Goldenberg, Tamar Saguy, and Eran Halperin. "How Our Ideological Out-Group Shapes Our Emotional Response to Our Shared Socio-Political Reality." British Journal of Social Psychology 63, no. 2 (April 2024): 723–744.
      • April 2024
      • Article

      Loneliness and Emotion Regulation in Daily Life

      By: Lameese Eldesouky, Amit Goldenberg and Kate Ellis
      There is a growing understanding that emotion regulation (ER) abilities can be an important buffer for loneliness. However, most of this research is cross-sectional. Thus, it is unknown whether loneliness is associated with ER in momentary evaluations and can predict... View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Emotions; Attitudes; Egypt
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      Eldesouky, Lameese, Amit Goldenberg, and Kate Ellis. "Loneliness and Emotion Regulation in Daily Life." Art. 112566. Personality and Individual Differences 221 (April 2024).
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Negotiating the Gift of Life (A)

      By: Alex Chan
      Describes a negotiation where lives are truly at stake, where key lessons on persuasion and the role that identity might play in a negotiation are on display through an effort by a frontline negotiator from OneLegacy, the US's largest organ procurement organization. As... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Negotiation; Communication; Diversity; Nonprofit Organizations; Emotions; Health Industry
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      Chan, Alex. "Negotiating the Gift of Life (A)." Harvard Business School Case 924-020, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Supplement

      Negotiating the Gift of Life (B)

      By: Alex Chan
      Describes a negotiation where lives are truly at stake, where key lessons on persuasion and the role that identity might play in a negotiation are on display through an effort by a frontline negotiator from OneLegacy, the US's largest organ procurement organization. As... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Negotiation; Communication; Diversity; Nonprofit Organizations; Emotions; Mission and Purpose; Health Industry
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      Chan, Alex. "Negotiating the Gift of Life (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 924-021, March 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Article

      What Makes Groups Emotional

      By: Amit Goldenberg
      When people experience emotions in a group, their emotions tend to have stronger intensity and to last longer. Why is that? This question has occupied thinkers throughout history, and with the use of digital media it is even more pressing today. Historically, attention... View Details
      Keywords: Groups and Teams; Emotions; Cognition and Thinking; Interpersonal Communication
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      Goldenberg, Amit. "What Makes Groups Emotional." Perspectives on Psychological Science 19, no. 2 (March 2024): 489–502.
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