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    • All HBS Web  (237)
      • Faculty Publications  (106)

      Economic Slowdown and StagnationRemove Economic Slowdown and Stagnation →

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      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Cairo: Navigating a Path to Economic Resilience

      By: A. Zelleke and Ahmed Dahawy
      Egypt has long been a pivotal force in the Middle East and North Africa. Located at a crossroads of global trade routes, the country was a strategic partner for numerous regional and global powers. However, a substantial currency devaluation in 2016 brought many... View Details
      Keywords: Egypt; Economy; Business; Country; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Inflation and Deflation; Macroeconomics; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Globalized Economies and Regions; International Relations; Emerging Markets; Risk and Uncertainty; Culture; Egypt
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      Zelleke, A., and Ahmed Dahawy. "Doing Business in Cairo: Navigating a Path to Economic Resilience." Harvard Business School Case 325-090, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • November 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Case

      Moonfare and the Democratization of Private Equity

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      Founded in 2016, Moonfare headquartered in Europe, was a pioneer in the “democratization” of private equity investments. Historically, private equity was accessible only to institutional investors like pension funds, endowments, sovereign wealth funds, and large family... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Customers; Wealth; Business Strategy; Segmentation; Technological Innovation; Product Launch; Financial Services Industry; Europe
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Moonfare and the Democratization of Private Equity." Harvard Business School Case 225-044, November 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • October 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?

      By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 324-032. In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Trade; Policy; Government and Politics; Globalized Economies and Regions; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; Asia; United States
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      Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 325-057, October 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach

      By: Robin Greenwood, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb and Ruth Page
      The link to this multimedia case should be provided to students in advance as preparation for classroom case discussion.

      This multimedia case follows real estate developer Alan Faena as he expanded his luxury development business from Argentina to the... View Details
      Keywords: Development; Real Estate; Hotels; Luxury; Urban Development; Sustainable Cities; Design; Markets; Transformation; Cost vs Benefits; Economic Growth; Private Sector; Public Sector; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Financial Strategy; Investment Return; Geographic Location; Urban Scope; Corporate Accountability; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Opportunities; Culture; Value Creation; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Florida; Miami; Argentina; Buenos Aires
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      Greenwood, Robin, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb, and Ruth Page. "Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 225-701, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      XYZ Robotics

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Brian Mao Fu, Shu Lin and Jamie Gong
      Founded in 2018, XYZ Robotics was a China-based startup specializing in robotic picking solutions and 3D machine vision products. Amid an economic downturn and intense competition, the company faced considerable financial challenges and needed to determine the best way... View Details
      Keywords: Robotics; 3D Systems; China; Resource Allocation; Business Startups; Competition; Product; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Technology Industry; China
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Brian Mao Fu, Shu Lin, and Jamie Gong. "XYZ Robotics." Harvard Business School Case 825-059, September 2024.
      • March 2024
      • Case

      Funderbeam: Teaming Up or Going Alone?

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Elena Corsi and Orna Dan
      Funderbeam, a global platform founded in Estonia to enable start-ups to run private syndications and secondaries while offering liquidity for private equity investors, was at a crossroads. Over its ten-year run, the company had expanded its services and areas of... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Business Exit or Shutdown; Transition; Leading Change; Business or Company Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Law; Mergers and Acquisitions; Financing and Loans; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Ownership Stake; Expansion; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Financial Services Industry; Estonia; Republic of Ireland; United Kingdom; Singapore
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      Gompers, Paul A., Elena Corsi, and Orna Dan. "Funderbeam: Teaming Up or Going Alone?" Harvard Business School Case 224-076, March 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Debt, Boom-Bust Cycles, and Financial Crises

      By: Victoria Ivashina, Sebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Luc Laeven and Karsten Müller
      Using a new dataset on sectoral credit exposures covering financial and non-financial sectors in 115 economies over the period 1940–2014, we document the following evidence that corporate debt plays a key role in explaining boom-bust cycles, financial crises, and slow... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Economic Growth; Economic Sectors; Borrowing and Debt; Credit
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      Ivashina, Victoria, Sebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Luc Laeven, and Karsten Müller. "Corporate Debt, Boom-Bust Cycles, and Financial Crises." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32225, March 2024.
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?

      By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
      In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial policies, and it has become one of the richest... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Trade; Policy; Government and Politics; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; Asia; United States
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      Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?" Harvard Business School Case 324-032, October 2023.
      • 2023
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Unprecedented: Remote Work and the Strange Economy of 2023

      By: Randolph B. Cohen
      The low unemployment rate which suggests a strong economy and the low productivity and GDP growth that seems more consistent with less robust conditions sit uneasily together. It's a mystery! But it may be that societal changes like remote work can reconcile the... View Details
      Keywords: Economy; Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Employment; Working Conditions
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      Cohen, Randolph B. "Unprecedented: Remote Work and the Strange Economy of 2023." July 2023. (LinkedIn Articles.)
      • June 2023
      • Case

      Tractor Supply Co

      By: David L. Ager and Michael A. Roberto
      In February 2023, Hal Lawton, CEO of Tractor Supply Co, the largest farm and ranch retailer in the United States reflected on the company’s 70% growth between 2019 and 2022. Economists had begun to predict an economic downturn and experts were predicting softening... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Demand and Consumers; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Retail Industry
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      Ager, David L., and Michael A. Roberto. "Tractor Supply Co." Harvard Business School Case 923-302, June 2023.
      • May 2023
      • Case

      Uruguay: South America's Singapore?

      By: Richard Vietor
      Uruguay, the richest country in Latin America and the only one that has not turned to the left, suffers from slow growth, high inflation and a weak education system. President Lacrolle Pou has two more years in office to reform these problems. View Details
      Keywords: Macroeconomics; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Inflation and Deflation; Government Administration; Latin America; Uruguay
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      Vietor, Richard. "Uruguay: South America's Singapore?" Harvard Business School Case 723-060, May 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Detecting Structural Breaks in Inflation Trends: A High-Frequency Approach

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Gaston Garcia Zavaleta
      We combine standard structural-break methods with high-frequency data to identify shifts in inflation trends. We use this approach to study the inflation dynamics of 25 countries from January 2022 to April 2023 and find evidence of a broad-based slowdown in about half... View Details
      Keywords: Inflation and Deflation; Global Range; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Analysis; Price
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Gaston Garcia Zavaleta. "Detecting Structural Breaks in Inflation Trends: A High-Frequency Approach." Working Paper, May 2023. (Preliminary draft.)
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality

      By: Letian Zhang
      This paper suggests that affirmative action bans in the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. Though these bans have... View Details
      Keywords: Inequality; Regulation; Law; Organizational Norm; CEO; Affirmative Action; Organizations; Private Sector; Equality and Inequality; Diversity; Race; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Zhang, Letian. "Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 3 (September 2022): 595–629.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the Economic Development of the Western U.S.

      By: Joe Long, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
      This paper investigates the economic consequences of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned immigration from China. The Act reduced the number of Chinese workers of all skill levels living in the United States. It also reduced the labor supply and the quality of... View Details
      Keywords: Growth; Productivity; Economic Development; Business History; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Business and Government Relations; Prejudice and Bias; Government Legislation; Immigration; United States
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      Long, Joe, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the Economic Development of the Western U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-008, August 2022. (Revised September 2024. Featured in Bloomberg, at Hoover Institute, VoxEU, NBER Digest, NPR, Forbes, The New Yorker, HBS Working Knowledge, and Cato Institute, quoted here.)
      • Article

      Weak Corporate Insolvency Rules: The Missing Driver of Zombie Lending

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      "Zombie lending"—lending to less-productive firms at subsidized rates—can help banks with misaligned incentives in the short run, but it prolongs economic downturns. We propose that inefficient resolution of insolvency is a significant contributor to this problem. We... View Details
      Keywords: Zombie Credit; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Financing and Loans; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Weak Corporate Insolvency Rules: The Missing Driver of Zombie Lending." AEA Papers and Proceedings 112 (May 2022): 516–520.
      • April 2022
      • Article

      National Customer Orientation: A Framework, Propositions and Agenda for Future Research

      By: Ofer Mintz, Imran S. Currim and Rohit Deshpandé
      Purpose: This paper aims to propose a new country-level construct, national customer orientation, to provide a benchmark for global headquartered managers’ decisions and scholars investigating cross-national research.
      Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual... View Details
      Keywords: International Marketing; Macro-marketing; Marketing; Financial Crisis; Customer Focus and Relationships; Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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      Mintz, Ofer, Imran S. Currim, and Rohit Deshpandé. "National Customer Orientation: A Framework, Propositions and Agenda for Future Research." European Journal of Marketing 56, no. 4 (April 2022): 1014–1041.
      • March 2022
      • Background Note

      The Labor Market as COVID Recedes: A Great Resignation or a Great Realization?

      By: Joseph B. Fuller, William R. Kerr and Ria Mazumdar
      Keywords: Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Macroeconomics; Economic Sectors; Economy; United States
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      Fuller, Joseph B., William R. Kerr, and Ria Mazumdar. "The Labor Market as COVID Recedes: A Great Resignation or a Great Realization?" Harvard Business School Background Note 822-113, March 2022.
      • 2022
      • Book

      The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth

      By: Michael J. Andrews, Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner and Scott Stern
      We live in an era in which innovation and entrepreneurship seem ubiquitous, particularly in regions like Silicon Valley, Boston, and the Research Triangle Park. But many metrics of economic growth, such as productivity growth and business dynamism, have been at best... View Details
      Keywords: Productivity Growth; Production Technologies; Innovation and Invention; Entrepreneurship; Economic Growth; Competition; Organizational Design; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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      Andrews, Michael J., Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern, eds. The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster

      By: Samuel Gregory Hanson, Adi Sunderam and Eric Zwick
      This article draws lessons from the business support policies pursued in the COVID-19 pandemic to guide policy design for the next disaster. We contrast the performance of the Paycheck Protection Program to the Main Street Lending Program to illustrate how design... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Policy; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Financing and Loans; United States
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      Hanson, Samuel Gregory, Adi Sunderam, and Eric Zwick. "Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster." In Rebuilding the Post-Pandemic Economy, edited by Melissa S. Kearney and Amy Ganz, 52–77. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 2021.
      • November 2021 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      The Global Great Depression, 1929-1939

      By: Alberto Cavallo, Sophus A. Reinert and Federica Gabrieli
      The Great Depression was, by far, the worst economic contraction of the twentieth century, and some of the most important ideas about both fiscal and monetary policy in the second half of the century were developed in response to it. The economic collapse, which... View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; Economic Conditions; Unemployment; Homelessness; Financial Crisis; History; Economy; Policy; Poverty; Social Issues; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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      Cavallo, Alberto, Sophus A. Reinert, and Federica Gabrieli. "The Global Great Depression, 1929-1939." Harvard Business School Case 722-034, November 2021. (Revised January 2024.)
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