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    • All HBS Web  (135)
      • Faculty Publications  (17)

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      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Less Is More: Will Aldi's Expansion Plans Pay Off in a Crowded U.S. Grocery Market?

      By: David Collis and Haisley Wert
      In 2024, the discount grocery retailer Aldi announced bold U.S. expansion plans. Within five years, the German company would increase its store count by 30% to reach 3,200+ stores across the United States and approach becoming the fifth largest grocery retailer in the... View Details
      Keywords: Scope; Grocery; Corporate Strategy; Expansion; Business Model; Competitive Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Collis, David, and Haisley Wert. "Less Is More: Will Aldi's Expansion Plans Pay Off in a Crowded U.S. Grocery Market?" Harvard Business School Case 725-416, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • March–April 2023
      • Article

      Case Study: Should a Dollar Store Raise Prices to Keep Up with Inflation?

      By: Jill Avery and Marco Bertini
      How should a dollar store maintain its brand and price position in the marketplace in the face of rising inflation? Is holding a $1.00 price point still viable in today's marketplace? In this fictional case, managers face inflationary pressures and must decide whether... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Retailing; Discount Retailing; Discount Store; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Inflation and Deflation; Retail Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, and Marco Bertini. "Case Study: Should a Dollar Store Raise Prices to Keep Up with Inflation?" Harvard Business Review 101, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 140–144.
      • June 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Dollar Tree: Breaking the Buck

      By: Jill Avery and Marco Bertini
      For thirty-five years, Dollar Tree, a discount retail chain selling general merchandise, had held its fixed price point steady, pricing all of its household items, food, stationery, books, seasonal items, gifts, toys, and clothing that made up its diverse and... View Details
      Keywords: Retailing; Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Discount Retailing; Discount Store; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Price; Inflation and Deflation; Consumer Behavior; Retail Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, and Marco Bertini. "Dollar Tree: Breaking the Buck." Harvard Business School Case 522-091, June 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • August 2020 (Revised February 2021)
      • Case

      Luckin Coffee (A): Caffeine-fueled Growth?

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
      This case describes the founding of Chinese coffee chain Luckin Coffee in 2017 and its path to surpassing Starbucks as the largest coffee chain in China (by number of stores) in 2019. Unlike Starbucks stores, which were designed to be welcoming “third places” for... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Earnings; Cost; Cost Management; Financial Statements; Financial Condition; Financial Management; Stocks; Profit; Revenue; Price; Food; Business History; Employment; Brands and Branding; Product Positioning; Marketing Strategy; Business Strategy; Expansion; Competitive Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Technology Industry; Asia; China
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Karen Elterman. "Luckin Coffee (A): Caffeine-fueled Growth?" Harvard Business School Case 721-370, August 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • December 2019
      • Article

      The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment

      By: Donald Ngwe, Kris J. Ferreira and Thales Teixeira
      Many online stores are designed such that shoppers can easily access any available discounted products. We propose that deliberately increasing search frictions by placing small obstacles to locating discounted items can improve online retailers’ margins and even... View Details
      Keywords: Online Retailing; Friction; Effor; Search Costs; Price Discrimination; Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Strategy; Price; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry
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      Ngwe, Donald, Kris J. Ferreira, and Thales Teixeira. "The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 56, no. 6 (December 2019): 944–959.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment

      By: Donald Ngwe, Kris J. Ferreira and Thales Teixeira
      Many online stores are designed such that shoppers can easily access any available discounted products. We propose that deliberately increasing search frictions by placing small obstacles to locating discounted items can improve online retailers’ margins and even... View Details
      Keywords: E-commerce; Online Retailing; Friction; Effor; Search Costs; Price Discrimination; Consumer Behavior; Price; Search Technology
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      Ngwe, Donald, Kris J. Ferreira, and Thales Teixeira. "The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-080, January 2019.
      • April 2016 (Revised June 2017)
      • Teaching Note

      Dollar General Bids for Family Dollar

      By: Jonas Heese, Paula A. Price and Suraj Srinivasan
      In spring 2015, Dollar General CEO Rick Dreiling was looking ahead to retiring at year's end but worried about ensuring continued growth for the company he had built since 2008 into a market leader in the U.S. discount retail world. Dollar General operated over 11,500... View Details
      Keywords: Dollar General; Family Dollar; Dollar Tree; Antitrust; Board Of Directors; Activist Investors; Federal Trade Commission; Acquisition; Valuation; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry
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      Heese, Jonas, Paula A. Price, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Dollar General Bids for Family Dollar." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 116-052, April 2016. (Revised June 2017.)
      • November 2015
      • Case

      Katherine Schuler at Boxes & Bins, Inc.

      By: Linda A. Hill and James Kindley
      This case is about Katherine Schuler, soon to become senior vice president of marketing at a fast-growing retail organization, Boxes & Bins (B&B). Part of Schuler's success has been due to her "fit" into a company with clear values and principles. In particular, B&B... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Personal Development and Career; Growth and Development Strategy; Retail Industry
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      Hill, Linda A., and James Kindley. "Katherine Schuler at Boxes & Bins, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 916-501, November 2015.
      • November 2015 (Revised October 2017)
      • Case

      Dollar General Bids for Family Dollar

      By: Jonas Heese, Paula A. Price, Suraj Srinivasan and David Lane
      In spring 2015, Dollar General's CEO Rick Dreiling was looking ahead to retiring at year's end but worried about ensuring continued growth for the company he had built since 2008 into a market leader in the U.S. discount retail world. Dollar General operated over... View Details
      Keywords: Dollar General; Family Dollar; Dollar Tree; Antitrust; Board Of Directors; Activist Investors; Federal Trade Commission; Acquisition; Valuation; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry; United States
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      Heese, Jonas, Paula A. Price, Suraj Srinivasan, and David Lane. "Dollar General Bids for Family Dollar." Harvard Business School Case 116-007, November 2015. (Revised October 2017.)
      • February 2014 (Revised December 2016)
      • Case

      Aldi: The Dark Horse Discounter

      By: Eric Van den Steen and David Lane
      In 2013, Aldi—the world's 8th largest retailer—planned to accelerate its US expansion. Aldi was a German-based hard discounter that sold a limited assortment of private-label groceries and household items in barebones stores. Despite its presence with 1200 stores in 32... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Strategy; Value Creation; Values and Beliefs
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      Van den Steen, Eric, and David Lane. "Aldi: The Dark Horse Discounter." Harvard Business School Case 714-474, February 2014. (Revised December 2016.)
      • January 2014
      • Supplement

      J.C. Penney's 'Fair and Square' Strategy (C): Back to the Future

      By: Elie Ofek, Jill Avery and Jose B. Alvarez
      Rehired in April 2013, Myron E. "Mike" Ullman III was brought back to stabilize the retailer's business. Under Ron Johnson's "Fair and Square" program, sales had declined rapidly and quarterly losses and expensive capital investments had put severe pressure on cash... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Marketing Strategy; Retail Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Jill Avery, and Jose B. Alvarez. "J.C. Penney's 'Fair and Square' Strategy (C): Back to the Future." Harvard Business School Supplement 514-073, January 2014.
      • June 2011 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Wal-Mart Update, 2011

      By: David B. Yoffie and Renee Kim
      In 2011, Wal-Mart was the world's largest company with $420 billion in sales and operations in 14 countries. Yet it found itself searching for the right growth strategy moving forward. U.S. same-store sales had declined for eight consecutive quarters and Wal-Mart was... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Global Range; Business Strategy; Retail Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Renee Kim. "Wal-Mart Update, 2011." Harvard Business School Case 711-546, June 2011. (Revised March 2013.)
      • February 2010 (Revised June 2022)
      • Case

      Dollarama Inc.

      By: Andre F. Perold
      Dollarama is the leading operator of dollar stores in Canada. The firm performed extraordinarily well after a leveraged buyout in 2004 and recently executed a highly successful IPO. The company sources its goods primarily from Asia. It has strong brand recognition and... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Positioning; Supply Chain; Competitive Advantage; Valuation; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; Canada
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      Perold, Andre F. "Dollarama Inc." Harvard Business School Case 210-041, February 2010. (Revised June 2022.)
      • June 2009 (Revised January 2011)
      • Case

      Target Corporation: Ackman versus the Board

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Suraj Srinivasan and James Weber
      After 15 years of great performance, Target's faltering performance during an economic downturn led an activist shareholder to initiate a proxy fight. Target Corporation, the second largest discount store retailer in the U.S., had competed successfully against industry... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Investment Activism; Governing and Advisory Boards; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business Strategy; Value; Retail Industry
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Suraj Srinivasan, and James Weber. "Target Corporation: Ackman versus the Board." Harvard Business School Case 109-010, June 2009. (Revised January 2011.)
      • March 2008 (Revised February 2009)
      • Case

      Transparent Value LLC

      By: Sharon P. Katz, Krishna G. Palepu and Aldo Sesia, Jr.
      Leading index company Dow Jones recently signed a license and joint marketing agreement with Transparent Value LLC, the creator of a new fundamentals-based valuation methodology. The agreement allowed Dow Jones to offer a family of indexes based on the Transparent... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Management; Stocks; Price; Performance Expectations; Mathematical Methods; Valuation
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      Katz, Sharon P., Krishna G. Palepu, and Aldo Sesia, Jr. "Transparent Value LLC." Harvard Business School Case 108-069, March 2008. (Revised February 2009.)
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      The 'Fees → Savings' Link, or Purchasing Fifty Pounds of Pasta

      By: Michael I. Norton and Leonard Lee
      Many consumers have had the experience of entering discount membership clubs to make a few purchases, only to leave with enough pasta to outlast a nuclear winter. We suggest that the presence of membership fees can lead consumers to infer a "fees → savings" link,... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Profit; Spending; Consumer Behavior; Retail Industry
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      Norton, Michael I., and Leonard Lee. "The 'Fees → Savings' Link, or Purchasing Fifty Pounds of Pasta." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-029, November 2007.
      • December 1995 (Revised February 1999)
      • Case

      Toys "R" Us Japan

      By: Debora L. Spar
      Documents the American retailer's process of entry into the Japanese toy market. Discusses the history of Toys "R" Us in the United States as well as the history of the Japanese toy market, distribution, wholesaling, and retailing systems. Eager to enter the world's... View Details
      Keywords: Market Entry and Exit; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Retail Industry; Japan; United States
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      Spar, Debora L. Toys "R" Us Japan. Harvard Business School Case 796-077, December 1995. (Revised February 1999.)
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