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- April 8, 2025
- Article
Creating Workplaces Free of Forever Chemicals
By: Joseph G. Allen, Heather A. Henrikson and Michael W. Toffel
Forever chemicals are toxic and widely used in buildings and yet they remain on the rise globally with little regulation to control them. In the United States, for example, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations currently cover only forever chemicals in... View Details
Keywords: Occupational Health; Safety Regulations; Regulation; Working Conditions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Safety; Health
Allen, Joseph G., Heather A. Henrikson, and Michael W. Toffel. "Creating Workplaces Free of Forever Chemicals." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 8, 2025).
- February 2025
- Supplement
Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI (B)
By: Michael W. Toffel, Shane Greenstein and Sadika El Hariri
Intenseye used its $25 million series A funds to refine and expand its digital safety platform while refining its target markets and ideal customer profile. As the company implemented new approaches to create value for its clients, such as developing an AI-powered... View Details
Keywords: Safety Performance; Occupational Safety; Innovation; Safety; Operations; Health; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Supply Chain Management; Performance Improvement; Entrepreneurship; Product Development; Customer Relationship Management; Value Creation; Venture Capital; Growth and Development Strategy; Information Technology Industry; United States; Europe; Middle East; Turkey
Toffel, Michael W., Shane Greenstein, and Sadika El Hariri. "Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-025, February 2025.
- February 2025
- Case
Abiomed: A Change of Heart
By: Satish Tadikonda, Faith Robertson and William Marks
After acquiring Impella CardioSystems AG in May 2005, Abiomed Inc., a company focused on cardiac care, ran into a dilemma. Its Impella 2.5 device was approved for use in the European Union, but CEO Michael Minogue had seemingly bet the company's future on the ability... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Health Care and Treatment; Business and Government Relations; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; European Union; United States
Tadikonda, Satish, Faith Robertson, and William Marks. "Abiomed: A Change of Heart." Harvard Business School Case 825-011, February 2025.
- February 2025
- Case
Abiomed: Clinical Trials and Tribulations
By: Satish Tadikonda, Faith Robertson and William Marks
After receiving 510(k) clearance for the Impella 2.5 device, Abiomed had proceeded to conduct a premarket approval (PMA) process as well to prove clinical superiority, earn greater protection, and extend commercial runway. However, in the middle of the clinical trial... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Health Testing and Trials; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Tadikonda, Satish, Faith Robertson, and William Marks. "Abiomed: Clinical Trials and Tribulations." Harvard Business School Case 825-096, February 2025.
- February 2025
- Article
Disclosure, Humanizing, and Contextual Vulnerability of Generative AI Chatbots
By: Julian De Freitas and I. Glenn Cohen
In the wake of recent advancements in generative AI, regulatory bodies are trying to keep pace. One key decision is whether to require app makers to disclose the use of generative AI-powered chatbots in their products. We suggest that some generative AI-based chatbots... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Applications and Software; Well-being
De Freitas, Julian, and I. Glenn Cohen. "Disclosure, Humanizing, and Contextual Vulnerability of Generative AI Chatbots." New England Journal of Medicine AI 2, no. 2 (February 2025).
- January 2025
- Teaching Note
Vytal: Packaging-as-a-Service
By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel and Stacy Straaberg
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 124-007. The Germany-based startup Vytal operated the largest digital-native reusable packaging-as-a-service network globally, having raised nearly €15 million, established a large network of restaurant partners, and prevented the use of... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Invention; Business Growth and Maturation; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Startups; Resource Allocation; Risk Management; Adoption; Strategy; Performance Productivity; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Supply Chain; Distribution; Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Business Model; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Profit; Financing and Loans; Expansion; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Retail Industry; Germany; Europe
- December 2024
- Case
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM): The AI Journey
By: Shikhar Ghosh
In early 2024, Bill Fandrich, Executive VP and CIO of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM), faced a critical decision about AI adoption within the organization. Fandrich had championed AI implementation at BCBSM. After successfully developing three AI... View Details
Keywords: Blue Cross; Automation; Generative Ai; Health Insurance; Insurance Companies; Innovation; IT Strategy; Organizational Transformations; Technology; Non-profit; AI and Machine Learning; Health; Digital Strategy; Digital Transformation; Leadership; Technology Adoption; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Innovation Strategy; Health Industry; Health Industry; Michigan
Ghosh, Shikhar. "Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM): The AI Journey." Harvard Business School Case 825-082, December 2024.
- November 2024
- Case
Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?
By: Willy C. Shih, Lena Duchene and Daniela Beyersdorfer
By July 2024, Polish Agro had grown into one of Poland’s fastest-growing agribusinesses, with €230 million in revenue, 82 employees, and operations across Northern Poland. The company supported farmers with essential agricultural inputs like fertilizers and seeds,... View Details
Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Distribution; Volatility; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Profit; Trade; Digital Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Advertising; Brands and Branding; E-commerce; Business and Community Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Adoption; Competitive Advantage; Business Model; Health Pandemics; War; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; Poland
- October 2024
- Case
Tonik
By: Andy Wu, Maliha Malek Quadir and Aticus Peterson
This case study examines Tonik, the first digital bank in the Philippines, as it navigates the challenges of scaling its lending operations and achieving profitability in an evolving fintech landscape. It explores Tonik's journey from its launch in 2018 to early 2024,... View Details
- October 2024
- Article
Medicare Part D Protected-Class Policy Is Associated with Lower Drug Rebates
By: Pragya Kakani, Michael Anne Kyle, Amitabh Chandra and Luca Maini
Medicare Part D does not allow plans to exclude drugs in six protected classes from their formularies, which may limit plans’ ability to negotiate rebates and lead to higher spending. We estimated the association between protected-class status, US-level estimated... View Details
Keywords: Insurance; Health Care and Treatment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; United States
Kakani, Pragya, Michael Anne Kyle, Amitabh Chandra, and Luca Maini. "Medicare Part D Protected-Class Policy Is Associated with Lower Drug Rebates." Health Affairs 43, no. 10 (October 2024): 1420–1427.
- September 2024
- Case
Cathay Cargo: Turnaround Short Haul, or Double Crew Long Haul?
By: Willy Shih and Billy Chan
Tom Owen, Director Cargo at Cathay Pacific Airways, had a problem. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the grounding of passenger flights meant the sudden loss of 50% of the airline's cargo carrying capacity. But the bigger challenge was that the Hong Kong government imposed... View Details
Keywords: Operations; Resource Allocation; Cash Flow; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Health Pandemics; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Air Transportation Industry; Hong Kong
Shih, Willy, and Billy Chan. "Cathay Cargo: Turnaround Short Haul, or Double Crew Long Haul?" Harvard Business School Case 625-019, September 2024.
- August 2024
- Case
Scaling Seven Starling
By: Ryan W. Buell and Carin-Isabel Knoop
Seven Starling, a maternal mental health startup, is scaling its digital clinic model. Seven Starling addresses perinatal mental health challenges by providing licensed therapists, peer support, and medication to mothers across five states, with a hybrid care model... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; Health Care and Treatment; Growth and Development Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Health Industry
Buell, Ryan W., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Scaling Seven Starling." Harvard Business School Case 625-046, August 2024.
- August 2024
- Case
Sky Therapeutics: Innovating in Digital Therapeutics
By: Satish Tadikonda, Olivia Reszczynski and William Marks
Shad Faraz and Alex Youssef were intrigued by the opportunities in the relatively new area of Digital Therapeutics. Despite initial successes, early entrants had struggled with reimbursement and revenue-predictability challenges. However, venture investors still... View Details
- August 2024 (Revised August 2024)
- Background Note
Note on Adherence in Healthcare
By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Zachery Page and Ben Creo
This note provides an overview of adherence in healthcare. It discusses systemwide costs of non-adherence, common barriers to adherence, relevant stakeholders, novel compliance tactics, and the impact on digital therapeutic adoption. It is recommended as a companion to... View Details
- July 2024
- Case
Replika AI: Alleviating Loneliness (A)
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
Eugenia Kuyda launched Replika AI in 2017 as an empathetic digital companion to combat loneliness and provide emotional support. The platform surged in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering non-judgmental support to isolated users. By 2023, Replika boasted... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Health Pandemics; AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Technology Industry
Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "Replika AI: Alleviating Loneliness (A)." Harvard Business School Case 824-088, July 2024.
- June 2024
- Article
It Is Time to Consider More Price Regulation in Health Care
By: Sherry Glied and Amitabh Chandra
Glied, Sherry, and Amitabh Chandra. "It Is Time to Consider More Price Regulation in Health Care." JAMA Health Forum 5, no. 6 (June 2024).
- May 2024 (Revised January 2025)
- Technical Note
Health Care Payment in the United States
By: Robert S. Huckman, Jeff Charca and Craig Garthwaite
This document provides an overview of how various actors (e.g., physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers) are paid in the United States health care system. It is particularly focused on features of the payment system that contribute to strategic decisions... View Details
Huckman, Robert S., Jeff Charca, and Craig Garthwaite. "Health Care Payment in the United States." Harvard Business School Technical Note 624-071, May 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
- May 2024
- Article
The Health Risks of Generative AI-Based Wellness Apps
By: Julian De Freitas and G. Cohen
Artifcial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots are increasingly being used to
help people manage their mental health. Chatbots for mental health and
particularly ‘wellness’ applications currently exist in a regulatory ‘gray area’.
Indeed, most generative AI-powered... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Applications and Software
De Freitas, Julian, and G. Cohen. "The Health Risks of Generative AI-Based Wellness Apps." Nature Medicine 30, no. 5 (May 2024): 1269–1275.
- April 2024
- Case
Dr. Tom Mihaljevic and Cleveland Clinic
By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
In December 2022, Dr. Tomislav (“Tom”) Mihaljevic, CEO and President of Cleveland Clinic, was reflecting on the last few years at the hospital, marked both by unprecedented challenges and remarkable achievements. Cleveland Clinic had recently been ranked the world’s... View Details
Keywords: Recruitment; Retention; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Digital Platforms; Innovation and Management; Innovation Leadership; Human Capital; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mission and Purpose; Outcome or Result; Performance Evaluation; Health Pandemics; Goals and Objectives; Health Industry; Cleveland; London; Abu Dhabi; Florida; Ohio
Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "Dr. Tom Mihaljevic and Cleveland Clinic." Harvard Business School Case 424-031, April 2024.
- April 2024 (Revised July 2024)
- Case
Unleashing Human Magic at Best Buy
By: Leonard A. Schlesinger, Sunil Gupta and Amram Migdal
The case examines the transformation of Best Buy under CEO Hubert Joly's leadership from 2012. Facing significant business challenges, including competition from online and physical retailers, Joly implemented the "Renew Blue" turnaround strategy, which focused on... View Details
Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Transition; Communication Intention and Meaning; Communication Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Health Care and Treatment; Digital Transformation; Digital Strategy; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Labor; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Management Practices and Processes; Management Style; Business or Company Management; Crisis Management; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Failure; Success; Personal Development and Career; Strategic Planning; Adaptation; Competition; Alignment; Business Strategy; Retail Industry; Minneapolis; Minnesota; United States
Schlesinger, Leonard A., Sunil Gupta, and Amram Migdal. "Unleashing Human Magic at Best Buy." Harvard Business School Case 524-072, April 2024. (Revised July 2024.)