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      • June 2025
      • Case

      TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions

      By: Isamar Troncoso, Frank V. Cespedes and Stacy Straaberg
      Education technology (edtech) company TagHive, founded in 2017, used a direct sales team and third-party distributors to sell its Class Saathi hardware and software solution to 300 clients, mainly primary and secondary schools in India. The product aimed to improve... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Social Marketing; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Adoption; Education; Teaching; Price; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development; Technological Innovation; Education Industry; Technology Industry; India; South Korea
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      Troncoso, Isamar, Frank V. Cespedes, and Stacy Straaberg. "TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions." Harvard Business School Case 525-001, June 2025.
      • May–June 2025
      • Article

      Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces

      By: Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu and Antonio Moreno
      Most online sales worldwide take place in marketplaces that connect sellers and buyers. The presence of numerous third-party sellers leads to a proliferation of listings for each product, making it difficult for customers to choose between the available options. Online... View Details
      Keywords: Algorithms; Marketplaces; Marketplace Matching; E-commerce; Demand and Consumers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Market Participation; Technology Adoption
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      Gallino, Santiago, Nil Karacaoglu, and Antonio Moreno. "Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 27, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 917–934.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      stc Group: DARE to Transform

      By: Sunil Gupta and Sadika El Hariri
      Established as a government-owned entity in 1998, stc Group was the sole telecommunications operator in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Soon after it was privatized in 2003, regional players started entering the Saudi market. To deal with the competition and to... View Details
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Sadika El Hariri. "stc Group: DARE to Transform." Harvard Business School Case 525-013, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA

      By: Juan Alcacer and Noor Al Qadhi
      Boutiqaat, a Kuwait-based e-commerce platform, scaled an influencer-driven beauty retail model across MENA and now faces critical strategic choices about offline expansion and globalization. Founded in 2015, Boutiqaat combined social commerce, localized logistics, and... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets; Digital Strategy; Growth and Development; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Retail Industry; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Middle East; North Africa
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Noor Al Qadhi. "Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 725-463, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA

      By: Juan Alcacer and Noor Al Qadhi
      Boutiqaat, a Kuwait-based e-commerce platform, scaled an influencer-driven beauty retail model across MENA and now faces critical strategic choices about offline expansion and globalization. Founded in 2015, Boutiqaat combined social commerce, localized logistics, and... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Markets; Digital Strategy; Growth and Development; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Retail Industry; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia; Middle East; North Africa
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Noor Al Qadhi. "Boutiqaat: Influencing Retail in MENA." Harvard Business School Case 725-462, May 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Thrivent: From Insurance Agents to Financial Advisors

      By: Hubert Joly, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Tom Quinn
      Thrivent, a midwestern financial services company with a centuries-long history rooted in Lutheranism, had reached $10 billion in revenue mostly by selling life insurance. In the 2020s, however, CEO Terry Rasmussen began a transformation process centered around the... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Transformation; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Forecasting and Prediction; Employee Relationship Management; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Job Design and Levels; Human Capital; Leading Change; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Insurance Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States; Minneapolis
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      Joly, Hubert, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Tom Quinn. "Thrivent: From Insurance Agents to Financial Advisors." Harvard Business School Case 325-047, April 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Adobe: GenAI Opportunity or Threat?

      By: Sunil Gupta, Rajiv Lal and Allison Ciechanover
      In December 2022, Adobe CEO Shantanu Narayen faced a pivotal strategic decision due to the rapid rise of generative AI image models from OpenAI, Midjourney, and StabilityAI. Adobe, a leader in digital media and marketing software with a 40-year legacy of innovation and... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Ethics; AI and Machine Learning; Trust; Business Strategy; Technology Industry; San Jose
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      Gupta, Sunil, Rajiv Lal, and Allison Ciechanover. "Adobe: GenAI Opportunity or Threat?" Harvard Business School Case 525-052, April 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Sharon Goldberg and BastionZero

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, James Barnett and Maxim Pike Harrell
      In December 2023, BastionZero co-founder and CEO Sharon Goldberg considered her startup’s future. Established in 2017 as a blockchain company focused on improving the security of cryptocurrency trading, in March 2020 the VC-backed startup shifted focus to a new... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurial Finance; Technological Innovation; Business Strategy; Business Exit or Shutdown
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., James Barnett, and Maxim Pike Harrell. "Sharon Goldberg and BastionZero." Harvard Business School Case 825-102, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Allison Ciechanover and George Gonzalez
      Salesforce was the leader in cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM) tools, delivering subscription-based products to help businesses manage customer relationships. The rise of generative AI inspired the company to build Agentforce, a suite of autonomous AI... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Customer Relationship Management; Price; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Sales; Business Strategy; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Allison Ciechanover, and George Gonzalez. "Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce." Harvard Business School Case 125-096, April 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Supplement

      Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Shane Greenstein and Sadika El Hariri
      Intenseye used its $25 million series A funds to refine and expand its digital safety platform while refining its target markets and ideal customer profile. As the company implemented new approaches to create value for its clients, such as developing an AI-powered... View Details
      Keywords: Safety Performance; Occupational Safety; Innovation; Safety; Operations; Health; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Supply Chain Management; Performance Improvement; Entrepreneurship; Product Development; Customer Relationship Management; Value Creation; Venture Capital; Growth and Development Strategy; Information Technology Industry; United States; Europe; Middle East; Turkey
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      Toffel, Michael W., Shane Greenstein, and Sadika El Hariri. "Intenseye: Powering Workplace Health and Safety with AI (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-025, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning

      By: Liangzong Ma, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      Reinforcement learning (RL) offers potential for optimizing sequences of customer interactions by modeling the relationships between customer states, company actions, and long-term value. However, its practical implementation often faces significant challenges.... View Details
      Keywords: Dynamic Policy; Deep Reinforcement Learning; Representation Learning; Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment; Latent Variable Models; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Foreign Direct Investment; Analytics and Data Science
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      Ma, Liangzong, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-037, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Article

      Improving Customer Compatibility with Tradeoff Transparency

      By: Ryan W. Buell and MoonSoo Choi
      Through a large-scale field experiment with 393,036 customers considering opening a credit card account with a nationwide retail bank, we investigate how providing transparency into an offering’s tradeoffs affects subsequent rates of customer acquisition and long-run... View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Customer Selection; Customer Compatibility; Retention; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Banking Industry; Australia
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      Buell, Ryan W., and MoonSoo Choi. "Improving Customer Compatibility with Tradeoff Transparency." Management Science 71, no. 2 (February 2025): 1335–1355.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Hebbia: Redefining Productivity for Knowledge Workers Using AI

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Minoshka Narayan
      In early 2025, George Sivulka, founder and CEO of Hebbia, reflected on the company’s rapid ascent as a pioneer in GenAI-powered productivity tools for knowledge workers. With its proprietary technology, Hebbia had redefined information retrieval and analysis and earned... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Customer Relationship Management; AI and Machine Learning; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Service Delivery; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; United States; New York (city, NY)
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Minoshka Narayan. "Hebbia: Redefining Productivity for Knowledge Workers Using AI." Harvard Business School Case 125-075, January 2025.
      • January 8, 2025
      • Article

      Why Retailers Are Turning to Third-Party Marketplaces

      By: Antonio Moreno
      Some traditional retailers—including Walmart, Target, and Best Buy—are adopting third-party marketplaces, which connect customers with external sellers and thereby offer customers a much broader selection. Many other traditional retailers are considering whether to... View Details
      Keywords: Marketplace Matching; Distribution Channels; Customer Focus and Relationships; Cost vs Benefits; Retail Industry
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      Moreno, Antonio. "Why Retailers Are Turning to Third-Party Marketplaces." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (January 8, 2025).
      • November–December 2024
      • Article

      How to Avoid the Agility Trap

      By: Jianwen Liao and Feng Zhu
      Agility is all the rage in strategy circles these days. According to conventional wisdom, organizations should rapidly react to technological advances, new market dynamics, and shifting consumer preferences. But in practice this is nearly impossible to pull off,... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Competitive Advantage; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Model
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      Liao, Jianwen, and Feng Zhu. "How to Avoid the Agility Trap." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 6 (November–December 2024): 126–133.
      • November 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Precision Agriculture at AGCO

      By: Rajiv Lal, Alicia Dadlani and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      In 2024, AGCO, a leading agricultural equipment manufacturer, sought to improve its customers net farm income by 20% over five years by becoming a comprehensive one-stop precision agriculture solutions provider and strengthening its dual channel sales approach—retrofit... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Customer Relationship Management; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizational Culture; Sales; Alignment; Integration; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Lal, Rajiv, Alicia Dadlani, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Precision Agriculture at AGCO." Harvard Business School Case 525-032, November 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?

      By: Willy C. Shih, Lena Duchene and Daniela Beyersdorfer
      By July 2024, Polish Agro had grown into one of Poland’s fastest-growing agribusinesses, with €230 million in revenue, 82 employees, and operations across Northern Poland. The company supported farmers with essential agricultural inputs like fertilizers and seeds,... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Distribution; Volatility; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Profit; Trade; Digital Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Advertising; Brands and Branding; E-commerce; Business and Community Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Adoption; Competitive Advantage; Business Model; Health Pandemics; War; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; Poland
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      Shih, Willy C., Lena Duchene, and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "Polish Agro: Where Do We Grow from Here?" Harvard Business School Case 625-061, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Ather Energy: The Future of Mobility

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Kannan Srinivasan and Malini Sen
      Ather Energy, India’s third-largest electric scooter maker by volume, was founded in 2013. Five years later, the start-up launched its first electric scooter, Ather 450, which was powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), to navigate... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Policy; Climate Change; Alternative Energy; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Transportation; Transformation; Green Technology; Technology Adoption; Communication Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Business Strategy; Segmentation; Asia; India
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Kannan Srinivasan, and Malini Sen. "Ather Energy: The Future of Mobility." Harvard Business School Case 525-040, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Article

      Leadership and Plumbing

      By: Frank V. Cespedes
      “Leadership” is a growth industry. Amazon lists over 60,000 books on the topic. Most focus on emotional intelligence, charisma, avoiding narcissism (usually someone else’s problem, according to these authors, not their problem) and other personality traits. But as... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Development
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      Cespedes, Frank V. "Leadership and Plumbing." Top Sales Magazine (November 2024), 26–27.
      • September 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Epic: The Future of Health Information Technology

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Brian L. Walker
      How should the founder and leadership team of a health IT company with more than 45 years of market leadership prepare for the future, while navigating founder transitions and industry changes? Founded by Judy Faulkner in the late 1970s, Epic pioneered electronic... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Health Care and Treatment; Private Ownership; Customer Focus and Relationships; Information Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competition; Health Industry; Electronics Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Brian L. Walker. "Epic: The Future of Health Information Technology." Harvard Business School Case 325-028, September 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
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