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- November 1990 (Revised August 1992)
- Case
American Airlines (B): Compensation and Cost Reduction
American Airlines' strategy in the 1990s calls for continued growth, improvements in customer service, and cost reduction. Central to cost reduction efforts is the need to contain labor costs. After having signed a very expensive new contract with its pilots' union in... View Details
Keywords: Cost Management; Labor Unions; Compensation and Benefits; Air Transportation Industry; United States
Loveman, Gary W. "American Airlines (B): Compensation and Cost Reduction." Harvard Business School Case 491-060, November 1990. (Revised August 1992.)
- June 2009 (Revised May 2010)
- Background Note
A Note on Cost Reduction in Financially Troubled Organizations
By: Paul W. Marshall
This note discusses methods for reducing costs, particularly labor costs, in a financially distressed organization. View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Entrepreneurship; Cost Management; Financial Condition; Labor; Crisis Management
Marshall, Paul W. "A Note on Cost Reduction in Financially Troubled Organizations." Harvard Business School Background Note 809-161, June 2009. (Revised May 2010.)
- March 1994
- Case
Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.: Cost Reduction for Mature Products
By: Robin Cooper and Robert S. Kaplan
Keywords: Cost Accounting
Cooper, Robin, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.: Cost Reduction for Mature Products." Harvard Business School Case 194-033, March 1994.
- March 2023 (Revised December 2023)
- Background Note
Economic Analysis: The Hidden Costs of Layoffs and Managing Staff Reductions
By: Sandra J. Sucher, Marilyn Morgan Westner and Christopher Diak
Globally, over the past fifty years, more companies have used layoffs to cut costs during periods of decreased demand or economic downturns. But layoffs have far-reaching consequences, generate hidden costs, and harm the company in myriad ways. This note reviews ways... View Details
Keywords: Human Resource Management; Layoffs; Furloughs; Human Resources; Management Practices and Processes; Employee Relationship Management; Resignation and Termination; Compensation and Benefits; United States
Sucher, Sandra J., Marilyn Morgan Westner, and Christopher Diak. "Economic Analysis: The Hidden Costs of Layoffs and Managing Staff Reductions." Harvard Business School Background Note 323-073, March 2023. (Revised December 2023.)
- August 1994 (Revised May 1999)
- Teaching Note
Citizen Watch Company, Ltd.: Cost Reduction for Mature Products TN
By: Robin Cooper and Robert S. Kaplan
- July–August 2018
- Article
Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Model the Costs of Various Process-Improvement Strategies in Acute Pain Management
By: Keyuri Popat, Kelly Ann Gracia, Alexis B. Guzman and Thomas W. Feeley
Pain control for patients undergoing thoracic surgery is essential for their comfort and for improving their ability to function after surgery, but it can significantly increase costs. Here, we demonstrate how time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) can be used to... View Details
Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management; Performance Improvement
Popat, Keyuri, Kelly Ann Gracia, Alexis B. Guzman, and Thomas W. Feeley. "Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Model the Costs of Various Process-Improvement Strategies in Acute Pain Management." Journal of Healthcare Management 63, no. 4 (July–August 2018): e76–e85.
- 2025
- Working Paper
Methane Abatement Costs in the Oil and Gas Industry: Survey and Synthesis
By: Joseph E. Aldy, Forest Reinhardt and Robert N. Stavins
There is growing recognition of the relative importance of anthropogenic emissions of methane as a contributor to global climate change. An important source of such emissions in some countries, including the United States, is the oil and gas (O&G) sector. This points... View Details
Keywords: Emission Reduction; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Pollutants; Energy Industry
Aldy, Joseph E., Forest Reinhardt, and Robert N. Stavins. "Methane Abatement Costs in the Oil and Gas Industry: Survey and Synthesis." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33564, March 2025.
- 2022
- Article
Improving Efficiency and Reducing Costs of MRI-Guided Prostate Brachytherapy Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing
By: Nikhil G. Thaker, Rajat J. Kudchadker, James R. Incalcaterra, Tharakeswara K. Bathala, Robert S. Kaplan, Ankit Agarwal, Deborah A. Kuban, Benjamin D. Frank, Prajnan Das, Thomas W. Feeley and Steven J. Frank
Integrated quality improvement (QI) and cost reduction strategies can help increase value in cancer care. We applied standard QI and TDABC methods to improve workflow efficiency and reduce costs for MRI-guided prostate brachytherapy. We constructed process maps,... View Details
Keywords: Brachytherapy; Quality Improvement; Prostate; Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Cost Accounting; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Efficiency; Health Industry
Thaker, Nikhil G., Rajat J. Kudchadker, James R. Incalcaterra, Tharakeswara K. Bathala, Robert S. Kaplan, Ankit Agarwal, Deborah A. Kuban, Benjamin D. Frank, Prajnan Das, Thomas W. Feeley, and Steven J. Frank. "Improving Efficiency and Reducing Costs of MRI-Guided Prostate Brachytherapy Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing." Brachytherapy 21, no. 1 (2022): 49–54.
- September 1977 (Revised June 1984)
- Case
Meeting of the Overhead Reduction Task Force
By: John J. Gabarro and James G. Clawson
Outlines events leading up to a meeting of a six-person task force which has been assigned to reduce overhead costs at a major manufacturing company. History of the company, and backgrounds of all the task force members are presented. Raises the following questions and... View Details
Gabarro, John J., and James G. Clawson. "Meeting of the Overhead Reduction Task Force." Harvard Business School Case 478-013, September 1977. (Revised June 1984.)
- March 2024
- Article
Medicare Price Negotiation and Pharmaceutical Innovation Following the Inflation Reduction Act
By: Matthew Vogel, Pragya Kakani, Amitabh Chandra and Rena M. Conti
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) requires Medicare to negotiate lower prices for some medicines with high Medicare spending. Using historical data from public and proprietary sources to apply the IRA's negotiation criteria retrospectively, we identify all drugs that... View Details
Keywords: Policy; Government Legislation; Health Care and Treatment; Negotiation; Price; Pharmaceutical Industry
Vogel, Matthew, Pragya Kakani, Amitabh Chandra, and Rena M. Conti. "Medicare Price Negotiation and Pharmaceutical Innovation Following the Inflation Reduction Act." Nature Biotechnology 42, no. 3 (March 2024): 406–412.
- October 2023
- Article
What Does the Inflation Reduction Act Mean for Patients and Physicians?
By: Amitabh Chandra and Benedic Ippolito
The debate around prescription drug measures in the recently passed U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which limit some patients’ out-of-pocket costs, has not fully addressed their effect on physicians and patients via their effect on payers. Reducing patients’ costs... View Details
Chandra, Amitabh, and Benedic Ippolito. "What Does the Inflation Reduction Act Mean for Patients and Physicians?" NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 4, no. 10 (October 2023).
- March 1994 (Revised November 1994)
- Case
Komatsu Ltd. (A): Target Costing System
Komatsu, a leading manufacturer of construction equipment, seeks to expand aggressively through the 1990s. Key to its competitiveness is a strict adherence to target costs throughout the product development process. Komatsu conducts several design-for-manufacturability... View Details
Cooper, Robin. "Komatsu Ltd. (A): Target Costing System." Harvard Business School Case 194-037, March 1994. (Revised November 1994.)
- December 2013
- Article
Measuring the Value of Process Improvement Initiatives in a Preoperative Assessment Center using Time-driven Activity-based Costing
By: Katy E. French, Heidi W. Albright, John C. Frenzel, James R. Incalcaterra, Augustin C. Rubio, Jessica F. Jones and Thomas W. Feeley
Background: The value and impact of process improvement initiatives are difficult to quantify. We describe the use of time-driven activity-based costing(TDABC)in a clinical setting to quantify the value of process improvements in terms of cost, time and personnel... View Details
Keywords: Quality Improvement; Value Agenda; Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Accounting; Health; Measurement and Metrics; Value; Health Industry; North and Central America
French, Katy E., Heidi W. Albright, John C. Frenzel, James R. Incalcaterra, Augustin C. Rubio, Jessica F. Jones, and Thomas W. Feeley. "Measuring the Value of Process Improvement Initiatives in a Preoperative Assessment Center using Time-driven Activity-based Costing." Healthcare: The Journal of Delivery Science and Innovation 1, nos. 3-4 (December 2013): 136–142.
- March 1994 (Revised October 1994)
- Case
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.: Target Costing System
Describes Nissan's sophisticated target costing system in the context of new product introduction. On the basis of consumer analysis and a life cycle contribution study, Nissan conducts an exhaustive analysis of component costs to determine whether a new model can be... View Details
Cooper, Robin. "Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.: Target Costing System." Harvard Business School Case 194-040, March 1994. (Revised October 1994.)
- Article
How Not to Cut Health Care Costs
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Derek A. Haas
Health care providers in much of the world are trying to respond to the tremendous pressure to reduce costs—but evidence suggests that many of their attempts are counterproductive, raising costs and sometimes decreasing the quality of care. Using evidence from field... View Details
Kaplan, Robert S., and Derek A. Haas. "How Not to Cut Health Care Costs." Harvard Business Review 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 116–122.
- 16 Aug 2012
- Working Paper Summaries
The Cost of Friendship
- Article
Comparative Costs of Advanced Proton and Photon Radiation Therapies: Lessons from Time-driven Activity-based Costing in Head and Neck Cancer
By: Nikhil G. Thaker, Steven J. Frank and Thomas W. Feeley
Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) is an innovative costing tool in healthcare that can be used to directly compare the true cost of competing technologies over the full care cycle. Rather than only comparing therapeutic effectiveness over a limited number of... View Details
Keywords: Head And Neck Cancer; IMRT; Proton Therapy; Time-Driven ABC; Information Technology; Activity Based Costing and Management; Medical Specialties
Thaker, Nikhil G., Steven J. Frank, and Thomas W. Feeley. "Comparative Costs of Advanced Proton and Photon Radiation Therapies: Lessons from Time-driven Activity-based Costing in Head and Neck Cancer." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 4, no. 4 (2015): 297–301.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing
By: Amitabh Chandra, Evan Flack and Ziad Obermeyer
We use the design of Medicare’s prescription drug benefit program to demonstrate three facts about the health consequences of cost-sharing. First, we show that an as-if-random increase of 33.6% in out-of-pocket price (11.0 percentage points (p.p.) change in... View Details
Chandra, Amitabh, Evan Flack, and Ziad Obermeyer. "The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28439, February 2021.
- 25 Sep 2019
- Research & Ideas
The Economic Cost of Physician Burnout
Physician burnout costs the United States health care industry $4.6 billion a year, a number that brings a new spotlight to an age-old problem. In a paper published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine this past June, a research... View Details
- September 2011
- Article
How to Solve the Cost Crisis in Health Care
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Michael E. Porter
Existing health care costing systems have serious flaws that make it impossible to measure costs accurately at the individual patient and medical condition level. This gap has severely limited meaningful cost reduction throughout the system. The paper describes a new... View Details
Keywords: Cost; Health Care and Treatment; Measurement and Metrics; Service Delivery; Outcome or Result; Quality; Health Industry
Kaplan, Robert S., and Michael E. Porter. "How to Solve the Cost Crisis in Health Care." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 9 (September 2011): 47–64.