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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (78)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Data-driven Technologies and Local Information Advantages in Small Business Lending

      By: Wilbur Chen, Jung Koo Kang and Aditya Mohan
      We investigate whether banks' adoption of data-driven technologies influences competitive dynamics in local small business lending by diminishing the information advantages traditionally held by local banks. Using local newspaper closures as an adverse shock to the... View Details
      Keywords: Data-driven Technologies; Local Information Advantages; Local Banks; Relationship Lending; Small Business Loans; Small Business; Local Range; Financing and Loans; Banks and Banking; Analytics and Data Science; Banking Industry
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      Chen, Wilbur, Jung Koo Kang, and Aditya Mohan. "Data-driven Technologies and Local Information Advantages in Small Business Lending." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-057, May 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Blue Owl Financing of Ping Identity

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      In the fall of 2022, Blue Owl Capital's investment committee evaluated a potential investment in the technology sector. The proposed transaction centered on Ping Identity Corporation (“Ping”), a fast-growing identity access management (IAM) software company that was... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Borrowing and Debt; Cash Flow; Investment; Privatization; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Blue Owl Financing of Ping Identity." Harvard Business School Case 225-078, February 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      Arsenal Capital Partners’ portfolio company, Pinnacle, a leading producer of high-performance adhesive technologies, has experienced rapid growth under Arsenal’s ownership. Over just two years, Pinnacle's EBITDA increased from $13.5 million to $60 million. By mid-2021,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Decision Choices and Conditions; Private Equity; Financing and Loans; Growth Management
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Arsenal Capital Partners' Refinancing of Pinnacle." Harvard Business School Case 225-075, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Hunter Point Capital

      By: Josh Lerner, John D. Dionne and Srimayi Mylavarapu
      In the spring of 2023, Hunter Point Capital faced a pivotal decision that could define its trajectory as a new player in the growing GP stakes business. As the firm neared completion of three high-profile GP stakes investments, consuming nearly a third of its initial... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Business Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Growth and Development Strategy; Opportunities
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      Lerner, Josh, John D. Dionne, and Srimayi Mylavarapu. "Hunter Point Capital." Harvard Business School Case 225-058, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Tonik

      By: Andy Wu, Maliha Malek Quadir and Aticus Peterson
      This case study examines Tonik, the first digital bank in the Philippines, as it navigates the challenges of scaling its lending operations and achieving profitability in an evolving fintech landscape. It explores Tonik's journey from its launch in 2018 to early 2024,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Financing and Loans; Profit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Growth and Development Strategy; Emerging Markets; Entrepreneurship; Product; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Philippines
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      Wu, Andy, Maliha Malek Quadir, and Aticus Peterson. "Tonik." Harvard Business School Case 725-404, October 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit

      By: Sergey Chernenko, Robert Ialenti and David Scharfstein
      We show that business development companies (BDCs), a significant source of private credit, are very well capitalized according to bank capital frameworks. These types of private credit funds have median risk-based capital ratios of about 36%, which is 26 percentage... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Capital; Credit; Financial Institutions
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      Chernenko, Sergey, Robert Ialenti, and David Scharfstein. "Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit." Working Paper, June 2025.
      • 2024
      • Book

      Fintech, Small Business & the American Dream: How Technology Is Transforming Lending and Shaping a New Era of Small Business Opportunity

      By: Karen G. Mills
      The second edition of Fintech, Small Business & the American Dream, builds on the groundbreaking 2019 book with new insights on how technology and artificial intelligence are transforming small business lending. This ambitious view covers the significance of... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; AI; AI and Machine Learning; Small Business; Economy; Technology Adoption; Credit; Financing and Loans; Analytics and Data Science
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      Mills, Karen G. Fintech, Small Business & the American Dream: How Technology Is Transforming Lending and Shaping a New Era of Small Business Opportunity. 2nd Edition, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Kashat: Navigating the Uncertainties of the Egyptian Fintech Market

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Ahmed Dahawy
      Karim Nour, the founder of Kashat, an Egyptian nano-lending fintech company, is contemplating how to manage the growth of his startup. Over the summer of 2022, Kashat's loan disbursements had grown by nearly 40%, fueled by macroeconomic instability in Egypt. However,... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Business Model; Developing Countries and Economies; Acquisition; Business Exit or Shutdown; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Financing and Loans; Capital; Financial Services Industry; Banking Industry; Egypt
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Ahmed Dahawy. "Kashat: Navigating the Uncertainties of the Egyptian Fintech Market." Harvard Business School Case 824-055, March 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
      • July 2023 (Revised October 2024)
      • Case

      Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup

      By: Paul M. Healy and Jung Koo Kang
      The case explores the challenges of revenue recognition and financial reporting for Stride Funding (Stride), a fintech startup that has disrupted the student loan market. Stride leveraged proprietary machine learning and financial models to underwrite alternative... View Details
      Keywords: Revenue Recognition; Financial Reporting; Entrepreneurial Finance; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Governance Compliance; Accrual Accounting; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Healy, Paul M., and Jung Koo Kang. "Revenue Recognition at Stride Funding: Making Sense of Revenues for a Fintech Startup." Harvard Business School Case 124-015, July 2023. (Revised October 2024.)
      • July 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      Clair

      By: Lauren Cohen, Grace Headinger and Marcos Quirno
      Clair was founded with a simple mission: to expedite America’s workers access to their hard-earned wages. In the headwinds of the COVID-19 pandemic, the startup had successfully raised a seed round of $4.5 million, and within two years the earned wage access (EWA)... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Ewa; Lending; Technology; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Business Model; Mission and Purpose; Venture Capital; Profit; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, Grace Headinger, and Marcos Quirno. "Clair." Harvard Business School Case 224-015, July 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register

      By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia and Camelia Minoiu
      We examine the consequences of monetary policy on racial disparities, focusing on the role of bank lending to firms through collateral and selection channels. Leveraging comprehensive loan-level data from the U.S. credit register (Y-14Q) of the Federal Reserve, we show... View Details
      Keywords: Monetary Policy Transmission; Inequity; Credit Registry; Wealth; Collateral Channel; Selection; Racial Disparity; Racial Inequality; Equality and Inequality; Banks and Banking; Credit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Banking Industry; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, and Camelia Minoiu. "Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-068, April 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Lessons Learned from Support to Business during COVID-19

      By: Gabriel Chodorow-Reich, Benjamin Iverson and Adi Sunderam
      The authors survey the new federal subsidies and loans provided to businesses in the first year of the pandemic—including the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), the Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program, and aid targeted at specific industries such as airlines... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Small Business; Government Legislation; Policy
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      Chodorow-Reich, Gabriel, Benjamin Iverson, and Adi Sunderam. "Lessons Learned from Support to Business during COVID-19." Chap. 4 in Recession Remedies: Lessons Learned from the U.S. Economic Policy Response to COVID-19, edited by Wendy Edelberg, Louise Sheiner, and David Wessel, 123–162. Brookings Institution Press, 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Contractual Restrictions and Debt Traps

      By: Ernest Liu and Benjamin N. Roth
      Microcredit and other forms of small-scale finance have failed to catalyze entrepreneurship in developing countries. In these credit markets, borrowers and lenders often bargain over not only the interest rate but also implicit restrictions on types of investment. We... View Details
      Keywords: Microfinance; Entrepreneurship; Developing Countries and Economies; Financing and Loans
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      Liu, Ernest, and Benjamin N. Roth. "Contractual Restrictions and Debt Traps." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 3 (March 2022): 1141–1182.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster

      By: Samuel Gregory Hanson, Adi Sunderam and Eric Zwick
      This article draws lessons from the business support policies pursued in the COVID-19 pandemic to guide policy design for the next disaster. We contrast the performance of the Paycheck Protection Program to the Main Street Lending Program to illustrate how design... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Policy; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Financing and Loans; United States
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      Hanson, Samuel Gregory, Adi Sunderam, and Eric Zwick. "Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster." In Rebuilding the Post-Pandemic Economy, edited by Melissa S. Kearney and Amy Ganz, 52–77. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 2021.
      • November 2021 (Revised January 2022)
      • Case

      Scott Tucker (A): Race to the Top

      By: Aiyesha Dey and Amram Migdal
      The case tells the story of the rise and fall of Scott Tucker, an entrepreneur, businessman, passionate race car driver, competitor, and owner of a professional racing team. From 1997 to 2012, Tucker built a nationwide network of payday lending businesses, becoming a... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Fairness; Financing and Loans; Personal Finance; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Governance Compliance; Governance Controls; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Dey, Aiyesha, and Amram Migdal. "Scott Tucker (A): Race to the Top." Harvard Business School Case 122-009, November 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
      • November 2021 (Revised January 2022)
      • Supplement

      Scott Tucker (B): The Feds Catch Up

      By: Aiyesha Dey and Amram Migdal
      The case tells the story of the rise and fall of Scott Tucker, an entrepreneur, businessman, passionate race car driver, competitor, and owner of a professional racing team. From 1997 to 2012, Tucker built a nationwide network of payday lending businesses, becoming a... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Fairness; Financing and Loans; Personal Finance; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Governance Compliance; Governance Controls; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Dey, Aiyesha, and Amram Migdal. "Scott Tucker (B): The Feds Catch Up." Harvard Business School Supplement 122-032, November 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
      • November 2021
      • Article

      Borrower Leakage from Costly Screening: Evidence from SME Lending in Peru

      By: Irani Arraiz, Miriam Bruhn, Benjamin N. Roth, Claudia Ruiz-Ortega and Rodolfo Stucchi
      We provide evidence that commercial lenders in Peru suffer leakages in their loan approval process. Leveraging a discontinuity in the loan approval process of a large bank, we find that receiving a loan approval from the bank causes loan applicants to receive offers... View Details
      Keywords: Information Spillovers; SME Lending; Financial Inclusion; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Small Business; Information; Peru
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      Arraiz, Irani, Miriam Bruhn, Benjamin N. Roth, Claudia Ruiz-Ortega, and Rodolfo Stucchi. "Borrower Leakage from Costly Screening: Evidence from SME Lending in Peru." Journal of Development Economics 153 (November 2021).
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Building Small Business Utopia: How Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Can Increase Small Business Success

      By: Karen G. Mills and Annie Dang
      Small business lending has remained unchanged for decades, laden with frictions and barriers that prevent many small businesses from accessing the capital they need to succeed. Financial technology, or “fintech,” promises to change this trajectory. In 2010, new fintech... View Details
      Keywords: Big Data; Fintech; Artificial Intelligence; Small Business; Financing and Loans; Capital; Success; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science
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      Mills, Karen G., and Annie Dang. "Building Small Business Utopia: How Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Can Increase Small Business Success." In Big Data in Small Business, edited by Carsten Lund Pedersen, Adam Lindgreen, Thomas Ritter, and Torsten Ringberg. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
      • Article

      Large Banks and Small Firm Lending

      By: Vitaly Bord, Victoria Ivashina and Ryan D. Taliaferro
      We examine the long-lasting effects of the 2007 real estate price collapse on small business credit supply. Banks affected by the decline in real estate prices systematically contracted their credit to small firms. At the same time, regional and local banks, many of... View Details
      Keywords: Small Firms; Credit Supply; Banking Competition; Small Business; Credit; Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Competition
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      Bord, Vitaly, Victoria Ivashina, and Ryan D. Taliaferro. "Large Banks and Small Firm Lending." Journal of Financial Intermediation 48 (October 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Nonbank Lending and Credit Cyclicality

      By: Quirin Fleckenstein, Manasa Gopal, German Gutierrez and Sebastian Hillenbrand
      We document three facts about nonbank lending in the syndicated loan market. First, nonbank lending is more than twice as cyclical as bank lending. Second, declines in nonbank lending explain most of the declines in syndicated lending during the Great Recession and... View Details
      Keywords: Nonbank Lending; Credit Cycles; CLO; Mutual Funds; Leveraged Lending; COVID-19; Great Migration; Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financing and Loans; Business Cycles
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      Fleckenstein, Quirin, Manasa Gopal, German Gutierrez, and Sebastian Hillenbrand. "Nonbank Lending and Credit Cyclicality." Working Paper, June 2021.
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