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- All HBS Web
(979)
- People (7)
- News (331)
- Research (454)
- Events (2)
- Multimedia (9)
- Faculty Publications (148)
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- October 2021 (Revised November 2021)
- Case
Bodega Aurrera: eCommerce at the Base of the Pyramid
By: Michael Chu, Álvaro Rodríguez Arregui, Carla Larangeira and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago
Bodega Aurrera, serving the base of the pyramid and Walmart’s main Mexican format, is considering launching a full eCommerce channel as Covid-19 has erupted in the country. In 2019, Bodega Aurrera accounted for 45% of revenues and 2,748 of Walmex’s 3,416 stores. Having... View Details
Keywords: Ecommerce; Bottom Of The Pyramid; Digitalization; Omnichannel; Walmart; Business Model; Internet and the Web; Marketing Channels; Technology Adoption; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Latin America; Mexico
Chu, Michael, Álvaro Rodríguez Arregui, Carla Larangeira, and Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago. "Bodega Aurrera: eCommerce at the Base of the Pyramid." Harvard Business School Case 322-059, October 2021. (Revised November 2021.)
- June 2017
- Case
MIA: Profit at the Base of the Pyramid
By: Lynda M. Applegate, José Antonio Dávila Castilla, Sarah Mehta and Aldo Sesia
In January 2016, Guillermo Jaime had just returned home to Mexico City after attending a Harvard Business School executive education program. Jaime was the founder and CEO of Mejoramiento Integral Asistido (MIA), a company providing affordable housing to low-income... View Details
Keywords: Base Of The Pyramid; Social Capitalism; Housing; Emerging Markets; Social Enterprise; Society; Wealth and Poverty; Social Entrepreneurship; Construction Industry; Mexico
Applegate, Lynda M., José Antonio Dávila Castilla, Sarah Mehta, and Aldo Sesia. "MIA: Profit at the Base of the Pyramid." Harvard Business School Case 817-073, June 2017.
- June 2011
- Article
Segmenting the Base of the Pyramid
By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Michael Chu and Djorjiji Petkoski
The bottom of the economic pyramid is a risky place for business, but decent profits can be made there if companies link their financial success with their constituencies' well-being. To do that effectively, you must understand the nuances of people's daily lives, say... View Details
Keywords: International Finance; Risk and Uncertainty; Value Creation; Human Needs; Income; Poverty; Profit; Relationships; Economics; Segmentation
Rangan, V. Kasturi, Michael Chu, and Djorjiji Petkoski. "Segmenting the Base of the Pyramid." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 6 (June 2011).
- February 2015 (Revised April 2017)
- Case
Edyficar and Mibanco: The Emergence of M&A in Microfinance
By: Michael Chu
Mibanco, a microfinance icon, is for sale, and Edyficar, owned by Banco del Credito (BCP), Peru's largest bank, is evaluating its acquisition. Until recently, such a transaction would have been fanciful given Mibanco's preeminent role in Peruvian microfinance, which... View Details
Keywords: Base Of The Pyramid; Peru; Latin America; Microfinance; Commercial Banking; Mergers and Acquisitions; Banking Industry; Latin America; Peru
Chu, Michael. "Edyficar and Mibanco: The Emergence of M&A in Microfinance." Harvard Business School Case 315-030, February 2015. (Revised April 2017.)
- Research Summary
Business Strategy at the Base of the Pyramid
Rangan is studying how businesses create value for the 4.2 billion low income, and poorer income residents at the base of the global income pyramid. These are individuals who live on less than $5/day. Providing food, water, sanitation, healthcare, education, skills... View Details
- Article
Commercial Returns at the Base of the Pyramid
By: Michael Chu
Keywords: Profit
Chu, Michael. "Commercial Returns at the Base of the Pyramid." Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization 2, nos. 1/2 (Winter–Spring 2007): 115–146.
- April 2011 (Revised March 2021)
- Case
BANEX and the No Pago Movement (A)
By: Shawn Cole and Baily Blair Kempner
This case examines Grassroots Capital's decision of whether or not to continue investing in a Bolivian microfinance bank that is suffering financial distress. View Details
Keywords: Base Of The Pyramid; Political Risk; Microfinance; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Government and Politics; Investment; Risk Management; Financial Services Industry; Bolivia
Cole, Shawn, and Baily Blair Kempner. "BANEX and the No Pago Movement (A)." Harvard Business School Case 211-092, April 2011. (Revised March 2021.)
- June 2017
- Case
Guillermo Jaime—An Endeavor Entrepreneur
By: Lynda M. Applegate, Sarah Mehta and Aldo Sesia
Guillermo Jaime was the founder and CEO of Mejoramiento Integral Asistido (MIA), a for-profit company providing affordable housing to low-income Mexicans living at the base of the pyramid (BOP). This case tells the story of Jaime and Endeavor, a nonprofit dedicated to... View Details
Keywords: Base Of The Pyramid; Social Capitalism; Housing; Emerging Markets; Social Enterprise; Society; Wealth and Poverty; Social Entrepreneurship; Construction Industry; Mexico
Applegate, Lynda M., Sarah Mehta, and Aldo Sesia. "Guillermo Jaime—An Endeavor Entrepreneur." Harvard Business School Case 817-084, June 2017.
- September 2010
- Case
Aaron's: Household Goods for the U.S. Base of the Pyramid
By: Michael Chu and Charles Augustus Smithgall IV
With $2.5 billion system-wide revenues, Aaron's, a major rent-to-own supplier to the U.S. base of the pyramid, continues to grow in the recession, but CEO R.C. Loudermilk, Jr. wonders how long the company can sustain the fast growth rate of its past. Founded in 1955,... View Details
Keywords: Fairness; For-Profit Firms; Renting or Rental; Financial Crisis; Demand and Consumers; Social Enterprise; Income; Goods and Commodities; Competitive Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; United States
Chu, Michael, and Charles Augustus Smithgall IV. "Aaron's: Household Goods for the U.S. Base of the Pyramid." Harvard Business School Case 311-047, September 2010.
- March 2009 (Revised June 2010)
- Case
TOTO: The Bottom Line
TOTO, the leading manufacturer of toilets in Japan, is struggling to penetrate the U.S. market with its premier bidet-toilets, which are present in 63% of homes in Japan. The case examines the behavioral, cultural, and institutional barriers that TOTO faces in gaining... View Details
Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Disruptive Innovation; Product Positioning; Market Entry and Exit; Organizational Culture; Consumer Products Industry; Japan; United States
Tripsas, Mary, Masako Egawa, and Jun Fukuyoshi. "TOTO: The Bottom Line." Harvard Business School Case 809-064, March 2009. (Revised June 2010.)
- March 2019 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
GENTERA: Facing the Digital Age
By: Michael Chu and Carla Larangeira
After long dominating Mexican microfinance, Compartamos Banco faces the emergence of fintech, just as for the first time its loan portfolio and clients have declined. Enrique Majós, CEO of GENTERA, the bank´s parent company, is keenly aware of the profound changes... View Details
Keywords: Micro Finance; Base Of The Pyramid; Fintech; Microfinance; Disruption; Innovation and Management; Competitive Strategy; North America; Mexico
Chu, Michael, and Carla Larangeira. "GENTERA: Facing the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 319-092, March 2019. (Revised October 2020.)
- fall 2002
- Article
The Great Leap: Driving Innovation from the Base of the Global Pyramid
By: Stuart L. Hart and Clayton M. Christensen
Hart, Stuart L., and Clayton M. Christensen. "The Great Leap: Driving Innovation from the Base of the Global Pyramid." MIT Sloan Management Review 44, no. 1 (fall 2002): 51–56.
- January 2013 (Revised March 2013)
- Course Overview Note
'Made in India': Human Capital at the Base of the Pyramid (TN)
By: Michel Anteby, Felicia Khan and John Ng
This teaching note, used in conjunction with excerpts from the 2010 documentary film "Made in India" (directed and produced by Rebecca Haimowitz and Vaishali Sinha) provides students with an opportunity to explore what constitutes human capital and the moral issues... View Details
Anteby, Michel, Felicia Khan, and John Ng. "'Made in India': Human Capital at the Base of the Pyramid (TN)." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 413-092, January 2013. (Revised March 2013.)
- Research Summary
Institutions and Firm Strategy at the Bottom of the Pyramid: The Case of Business Formalization in Vietnam
In this paper, written together with Edmund Malesky (UCSD), we test a series of hypotheses about how institutions shape a strategic decision of significant importance to the evolution of inclusive markets: registration as companies by previously informal businesses at... View Details
- 2020
- Working Paper
Updating the Balanced Scorecard for Triple Bottom Line Strategies
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David McMillan
Many companies are now attempting to achieve triple bottom line performance on financial, environmental, and societal metrics. Successful strategies for such performance, however, generally require new relationships among multiple players in multiple sectors across a... View Details
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Adaptation; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Performance; Strategy
Kaplan, Robert S., and David McMillan. "Updating the Balanced Scorecard for Triple Bottom Line Strategies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-028, August 2020.
- January 2007 (Revised April 2011)
- Case
Farmacias Similares: Private and Public Health Care for the Base of the Pyramid in Mexico
By: Michael Chu and Regina Garcia-Cuellar
Farmacias Similares, serving Mexico's low-income sector, grew to $600 million sales and 3,400 drugstores while deep reforms to help the poor swept the public health system. Adjacent to each store, for $2 per visit, medical clinics provided access to doctors for 2.3... View Details
Keywords: Private Sector; Public Sector; Health Care and Treatment; Growth and Development Strategy; Poverty; Pharmaceutical Industry; Retail Industry; Mexico
Chu, Michael, and Regina Garcia-Cuellar. "Farmacias Similares: Private and Public Health Care for the Base of the Pyramid in Mexico." Harvard Business School Case 307-092, January 2007. (Revised April 2011.)
- January 2014
- Supplement
Día Día Practimercados: Meeting the Daily Needs at the Base of the Pyramid (B)
By: Michael Chu, Regina Garcia-Cuellar and Rosa Amelia Gonzalez
Chu, Michael, Regina Garcia-Cuellar, and Rosa Amelia Gonzalez. "Día Día Practimercados: Meeting the Daily Needs at the Base of the Pyramid (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 314-085, January 2014.
- August 2012 (Revised August 2013)
- Case
Día Día Practimercados: Meeting the Daily Needs at the Base of the Pyramid (A)
By: Michael Chu, Regina Garcia-Cuellar and Rosa Amelia Gonzalez
Chu, Michael, Regina Garcia-Cuellar, and Rosa Amelia Gonzalez. "Día Día Practimercados: Meeting the Daily Needs at the Base of the Pyramid (A)." Harvard Business School Case 313-071, August 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
- 2015
- Working Paper
Service Quality, Inventory and Competition: An Empirical Analysis of Mobile Money Agents in Africa
By: Karthik Balasubramanian and David F. Drake
The use of electronic money transfer through cellular networks ("mobile money") is rapidly increasing in the developing world. The resulting electronic currency ecosystem could improve the lives of the estimated 2 billion people who live on less than $2 a day by... View Details
Keywords: Operations Strategy; Base Of The Pyramid; Mobile Money; Inventory Management; Competition; Currency; Service Operations; Mobile and Wireless Technology
Balasubramanian, Karthik, and David F. Drake. "Service Quality, Inventory and Competition: An Empirical Analysis of Mobile Money Agents in Africa." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-059, January 2015. (Revised October 2015.)
- November 2020 (Revised January 2021)
- Supplement
Bridge International Academies in 2020: Battling Headwinds to Solve Africa's Education Problems
By: Caroline M. Elkins, Tarun Khanna and Joyce J. Kim
By 2020, Bridge International Academies and its "school in a box" model had achieved great scale. By leveraging digital technology and public-private partnerships, they had reached one million children across Africa and India through hundreds of schools. However, the... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship In Africa; Entrepreneurship In Emerging Markets; Bottom Of The Pyramid; Education In Africa; Scale; Partnerships; Education; Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Health Pandemics; Problems and Challenges; Education Industry; Africa
Elkins, Caroline M., Tarun Khanna, and Joyce J. Kim. "Bridge International Academies in 2020: Battling Headwinds to Solve Africa's Education Problems." Harvard Business School Supplement 521-048, November 2020. (Revised January 2021.)