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Publications

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      • August 2025
      • Case

      Must B Nutty?

      By: Christina Wallace, Martha Hostetter and Alicia Dadlani
      Veronica and Miguel Garza, siblings from a large Mexican-American family from Texas, founded a company in 2014 to sell the almond-flour tortillas Veronica had developed to fit her grain-free diet. Their company, Must Be Nutty, tapped into growing demand for... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Valuation; Family Business; Family Ownership; Small Business; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Distribution Channels; Market Entry and Exit; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Wallace, Christina, Martha Hostetter, and Alicia Dadlani. "Must B Nutty?" Harvard Business School Case 826-004, August 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      E-ledgers Carbon Accounting

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
      In prior publications, we introduced a global system of interconnected E-ledgers that produces—in as close to real time as practicable—accurate, comparable, and verifiable accounts of the cradle-to-gate (net) greenhouse-gas emissions in any product or service that... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Accounting; Digital Platforms
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Karthik Ramanna. "E-ledgers Carbon Accounting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 26-004, August 2025.
      • Article

      Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S.

      By: Stefano Gagliarducci and Marco Tabellini
      How do ethnic religious organizations influence immigrant assimilation? To answer this question, we assemble novel data from the Catholic directories to measure the presence of Italian Catholic churches in the US between 1890 and 1920, when four million Italians moved... View Details
      Keywords: Assimilation; Religious Organizations; Immigration; Religion; History; United States
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      Gagliarducci, Stefano, and Marco Tabellini. "Faith and Assimilation: Italian Immigrants in the U.S." Economic Journal 135, no. 670 (August 1, 2025): 1814–1851. (Also available from NBER and featured in NBER Digest and VoxEU.)
      • July 2025
      • Case

      Toilets for the Underserved: The SURT Commercialization Challenge

      By: Maria P. Roche, Anne Marie Knott and Alexander Oettl
      In 2021, a breakthrough in sanitation technology developed under the Gates Foundation’s “Reinvent the Toilet” initiative stood ready for commercialization. The Single User Reinvented Toilet (SURT), engineered by Dr. Shannon Yee, offered an off-grid, self-contained... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Commercialization; Social Issues; Social Enterprise; Public Sector; Private Sector; Market Entry and Exit; Strategic Planning; Engineering; Infrastructure; Innovation Strategy; Utilities Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; South Africa; India; France
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      Roche, Maria P., Anne Marie Knott, and Alexander Oettl. "Toilets for the Underserved: The SURT Commercialization Challenge." Harvard Business School Case 726-369, July 2025. (This case will be taught in the EC course Innovating at Scale on October 6, 2025.)
      • July 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”

      By: James Riley and Andrea Dorbu
      In 2017, Rihanna launched Fenty Beauty under LVMH, disrupting the cosmetics industry with an inclusive 'Beauty for All' strategy that emphasized accessibility across skin tones. The brand’s success was followed by the launch of Savage X Fenty, a lingerie line upholding... View Details
      Keywords: Cultural Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Consumer Behavior; Market Entry and Exit; United States
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      Riley, James, and Andrea Dorbu. "Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 426-009, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Case

      Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”

      By: James Riley and Andrea Dorbu
      In 2017, Rihanna launched Fenty Beauty under LVMH, disrupting the cosmetics industry with an inclusive 'Beauty for All' strategy that emphasized accessibility across skin tones. The brand’s success was followed by the launch of Savage X Fenty, a lingerie line upholding... View Details
      Keywords: Cultural Entrepreneurship; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Consumer Behavior; Market Entry and Exit; United States
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      Riley, James, and Andrea Dorbu. "Designed for Purpose: “Never a Failure. Always a Lesson”." Harvard Business School Case 426-008, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Module Note

      Supply and Demand for Strategists

      By: Quan Le
      This module note introduces students to the foundational microeconomic principles of supply and demand. It uses the example of an aluminum plant (specifically, production quantity and shutdown decisions) to discuss short-run vs. long-run decisions, marginal costs, sunk... View Details
      Keywords: Business Exit or Shutdown; Business or Company Management; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Cost of Capital; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Making; Decisions; Demand and Consumers; Economics; Economic Systems; For-Profit Firms; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Markets; Metals and Minerals; Microeconomics; Price; Revenue; Strategy; Supply and Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Le, Quan. "Supply and Demand for Strategists." Harvard Business School Module Note 726-352, July 2025.
      • July 2025
      • Case

      The Future in Sight: LumineticsCore and the First Autonomous AI for Diagnostics

      By: Michael Lingzhi Li and Tinglong Dai
      After two decades of research, Dr. Michael Abramoff successfully launched LumineticsCore—the first autonomous AI system authorized by the FDA to diagnose diabetic retinopathy without physician oversight. The case traces his journey across algorithm design, clinical... View Details
      Keywords: Healthcare; AI; Regulation; Medical Technology; Health Care and Treatment; AI and Machine Learning; Medical Specialties; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Li, Michael Lingzhi, and Tinglong Dai. "The Future in Sight: LumineticsCore and the First Autonomous AI for Diagnostics." Harvard Business School Case 626-019, July 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Teaching Note

      From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma

      By: Juan Alcacer and Valentina Tarzijan
      As global alliances evolve and regulatory barriers mount, LATAM Airlines must reassess the strategic logic of partnerships. In 2019, Delta Air Lines proposed a $1.9 billion investment and deeper cooperation via a Joint Business Agreement, prompting LATAM to evaluate... View Details
      Keywords: Partners and Partnerships; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Air Transportation Industry; Latin America; North America
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Valentina Tarzijan. "From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 725-454, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma

      By: Juan Alcacer and Valentina Tarzijan
      As global alliances evolve and regulatory barriers mount, LATAM Airlines must reassess the strategic logic of partnerships. In 2019, Delta Air Lines proposed a $1.9 billion investment and deeper cooperation via a Joint Business Agreement, prompting LATAM to evaluate... View Details
      Keywords: Aviation; Airlines; Transportation; Alliances; Agreements and Arrangements; Governance; Competitive Strategy; Air Transportation Industry; Latin America; North America
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Valentina Tarzijan. "From oneworld to a New World? LATAM’s High-Stakes Alliance Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 725-453, May 2025.
      • 2025
      • Book

      The Experimentation Machine: Finding Product–Market Fit in the Age of AI

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang
      Leverage AI to be a 10x Founder

      Today’s most successful founders know that the startups that learn the fastest will win. In The Experimentation Machine, I reveal how AI is transforming the way startups find product-market fit and scale.... View Details
      Keywords: AI; Founder; Startup; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Market Entry and Exit
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J. The Experimentation Machine: Finding Product–Market Fit in the Age of AI. Damn Gravity Media, 2025.
      • March 27, 2025
      • Article

      How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base

      By: Sunil Gupta and Frank V. Cespedes
      The software company SAP successfully leveraged AI tools to begin selling to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) market, which had previously been uneconomical for its in-person sales approach. By mapping the customer journey and deploying over 40 AI tools, SAP... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Sales; Business Strategy; Market Entry and Exit
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Frank V. Cespedes. "How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base." Harvard Business Review (website) (March 27, 2025).
      • 2025
      • Book

      Space to Grow: Unlocking the Final Economic Frontier

      By: Matthew Weinzierl and Brendan Rosseau
      Your guide--using the compelling stories of changemakers and the tools of economics--to the transformation and future possibilities of the business and economics of space.

      Space is a place of unparalleled possibility for humanity, and it's undergoing a... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Economics; Innovation and Invention; Market Entry and Exit; Aerospace Industry
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, and Brendan Rosseau. Space to Grow: Unlocking the Final Economic Frontier. Harvard Business Review Press, 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (A)

      By: Jillian Jordan and Livia Alfonsi
      Analytics FC was a UK-based sports consultancy that focused on international football (soccer), leveraging cutting-edge data-analytic techniques to support clubs, federations, and players. In 2022, Alex Greenwood, an elite female defender, approached the company for... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Preparation; Gender; Analytics and Data Science; Reputation; Value Creation; Consulting Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; United Kingdom
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      Jordan, Jillian, and Livia Alfonsi. "Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (A)." Harvard Business School Case 925-014, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Supplement

      Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (B)

      By: Jillian Jordan and Livia Alfonsi
      Analytics FC was a UK-based sports consultancy that focused on international football (soccer), leveraging cutting-edge data-analytic techniques to support clubs, federations, and players. In 2022, Alex Greenwood, an elite female defender, approached the company for... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Preparation; Gender; Analytics and Data Science; Reputation; Value Creation; Consulting Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; United Kingdom
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      Jordan, Jillian, and Livia Alfonsi. "Negotiating with Data: Analytics FC (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 925-015, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Duolingo: On a 'Streak'

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Nicole Tempest Keller and Nicole Luo
      In December 2024, Severin Hacker, Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer of Duolingo, reflected on the remarkable evolution of the language-learning app he helped launch in 2011. As the #1 most downloaded education app in the world, Duolingo had over 100 million... View Details
      Keywords: Learning; AI and Machine Learning; Growth and Development Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Diversification; Business Model; Market Entry and Exit; Technology Industry; Education Industry; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Nicole Tempest Keller, and Nicole Luo. "Duolingo: On a 'Streak'." Harvard Business School Case 825-097, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • January 2025 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      DJI- Striving for Innovation Amid Contestation

      By: William C. Kirby and Daniel Fu
      DJI was founded in a college dorm room in Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong. By 2020, DJI, a company manufacturing drones, occupied a 77% share of consumer drone sales in the United States with a wide array of clients including law enforcement and government agencies. Its... View Details
      Keywords: Drones; Hong Kong; China; Chinese Manufacturing; Chinese Dream; China's Political Economy; International Relations; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Cybersecurity; Conflict and Resolution; Market Entry and Exit; Manufacturing Industry; Hong Kong; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Daniel Fu. "DJI- Striving for Innovation Amid Contestation." Harvard Business School Case 325-069, January 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Elie Ofek and Orna Dan
      Intuition Robotics, a startup that makes an AI companion robot to alleviate older adults’ loneliness, debates whether to pursue a B2C model or B2G route. If it opts for the government vertical, it must determine how to negotiate a favorable deal. Two weeks after... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Product Launch; Market Entry and Exit; Negotiation Offer; Business and Government Relations; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Elie Ofek, and Orna Dan. "Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults." Harvard Business School Case 925-018, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Blue Frontier: Disrupting Air Conditioning

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      Serial entrepreneur Daniel Betts founded Blue Frontier in South Florida to offer a climate-friendly solution to increase air conditioning efficiency and dehumidify using new technology he developed. Backed by significant venture capital, Blue Frontier had to choose... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Technological Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Performance Efficiency; Business Strategy; Florida
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "Blue Frontier: Disrupting Air Conditioning." Harvard Business School Case 325-088, January 2025. (Revised April 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Case

      GE Appliances 2025: Energizing Change

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jacob A. Small
      At the turn of 2025, Kevin Nolan, CEO of GE Appliances following its acquisition by Chinese appliance giant Haier in 2016, is reviewing progress toward his net zero carbon vision for homes, which would otherwise exacerbate the global warming climate crisis. An... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Transformation; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Technological Innovation; Leading Change; Product Development; Organizational Culture
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jacob A. Small. "GE Appliances 2025: Energizing Change." Harvard Business School Case 325-089, January 2025.
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