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  • All HBS Web  (93)
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    • All HBS Web  (93)
      • Faculty Publications  (17)

      Bank DistressRemove Bank Distress →

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      • April 2025
      • Article

      Crisis Interventions in Corporate Insolvency

      By: Samuel Antill and Christopher Clayton
      We model the optimal resolution of insolvent firms in general equilibrium. Collateral-constrained banks lend to (i) solvent firms to finance investments and (ii) distressed firms to avoid liquidation. Liquidations create negative fire-sale externalities. Liquidations... View Details
      Keywords: Insolvent Firms; Government Intervention; Liquidation; Econometric Models; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Policy
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      Antill, Samuel, and Christopher Clayton. "Crisis Interventions in Corporate Insolvency." Journal of Finance 80, no. 2 (April 2025): 875–910.
      • February 2022 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Jaypee Infratech and the Indian Bankruptcy Code

      By: Kristin Mugford, William Vrattos and Radhika Kak
      In 2016, India passed a new bankruptcy law (IBC) to counter a brewing bank crisis and increased corporate distress. Homebuilder Jaypee Infratech, one of India largest distressed companies (the “dirty dozen”) began restructuring under the IBC in 2017. Two years later,... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Decisions; Judgments; Voting; Developing Countries and Economies; Financial Crisis; Public Sector; Asset Pricing; Borrowing and Debt; Corporate Finance; Credit; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Debt Securities; Bonds; Investment Return; Price; Government Legislation; Laws and Statutes; Bids and Bidding; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Valuation; Real Estate Industry; India; Delhi
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      Mugford, Kristin, William Vrattos, and Radhika Kak. "Jaypee Infratech and the Indian Bankruptcy Code." Harvard Business School Case 222-071, February 2022. (Revised May 2022.)
      • September 2019
      • Article

      Contingent Capital Trigger Effects: Evidence from Liability Management Exercises

      By: Boris Vallée
      This paper investigates the so called liability management exercises by European banks, which bear comparable effects to triggering contingent capital. I first explore the determinants of these exercises. I then study market reactions to these operations as well as... View Details
      Keywords: Contingent Capital; Financial Distress; Regulatory Capital; Financial Institutions; Legal Liability; Management; Banking Industry; Europe
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      Vallée, Boris. "Contingent Capital Trigger Effects: Evidence from Liability Management Exercises." Review of Corporate Finance Studies 8, no. 2 (September 2019): 235–259.
      • September 2017 (Revised February 2019)
      • Case

      Blackstone's GSO Capital: Crosstex Investment

      By: Victoria Ivashina, John D. Dionne and Jeffrey Boyar
      This case focuses on the Blackstone credit arm, GSO Capital as it evaluated a proposal for an equity investment into the distressed company, Crosstex Energy L.P., an integrated midstream energy company, that was hit hard by declining natural gas prices during the 2008... View Details
      Keywords: Distress Investing; Rescue Financing; Investment; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Condition
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      Ivashina, Victoria, John D. Dionne, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Blackstone's GSO Capital: Crosstex Investment." Harvard Business School Case 218-008, September 2017. (Revised February 2019.)
      • January 2017 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      The Rise and Fall of Lehman Brothers

      By: Stuart C. Gilson, Kristin Mugford and Sarah L. Abbott
      With nearly $700 billion in assets, Lehman was the largest U.S. bankruptcy in history. In 2007, Lehman achieved record earnings of over $4 billion on revenues of $60 billion. By September 2008 the fourth largest investment bank in the world was bankrupt. How had a... View Details
      Keywords: Bankruptcy; Financial Distress; Accounting Policies; Business Ethics; Financial Reporting; Volatility; Judgments; Financial Crisis; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Financial Liquidity; Investment Banking; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Failure; Business and Government Relations; Ethics; Banking Industry; New York (city, NY)
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      Gilson, Stuart C., Kristin Mugford, and Sarah L. Abbott. "The Rise and Fall of Lehman Brothers." Harvard Business School Case 217-041, January 2017. (Revised January 2019.)
      • Article

      Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?

      By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
      We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality, and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient... View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; R&D; Bank Distress; Patents; Research and Development; Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Innovation and Invention; Banking Industry; United States
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Journal of Financial Economics 114, no. 2 (November 2014): 273–292.
      • November 2013
      • Supplement

      Arch Wireless, Inc. (B): Food for Vultures

      By: Stuart C. Gilson
      In 2002, a hedge fund investor acquires the distressed bank debt of a bankrupt wireless paging company and converts his holding into common stock of the reorganized entity. Determining his likely return from this investment is challenging, given that the entire... View Details
      Keywords: Bankruptcy Reorganization; Distress Investing; Capital Structure; Restructuring; Investment Funds; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Borrowing and Debt; Wireless Technology; Telecommunications Industry
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      Gilson, Stuart C. "Arch Wireless, Inc. (B): Food for Vultures." Harvard Business School Supplement 214-034, November 2013.
      • October 2013
      • Case

      Oaktree and the Restructuring of CIT Group (A)

      By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
      CIT's prepackaged bankruptcy marked the first time a major financial institution was able to successfully restructure and emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy, challenging conventional views that a financial firm could not survive bankruptcy proceedings as a going... View Details
      Keywords: Debt Securities; Restructuring; Financial Services Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Oaktree and the Restructuring of CIT Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-035, October 2013.
      • July 2012 (Revised April 2013)
      • Case

      Peter Jepsen

      By: Howard H. Stevenson, Michael J. Roberts and James M. Sharpe
      About to break bank covenants, Peter Jepsen has to deal with a contentious prior owner, improve profitability and staff appropriately all while maintaining credibility with his investors, in the furniture hardware company he has owned for less than a year. View Details
      Keywords: Acquisitions; Bankruptcy; Crisis Management; Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurial Finance; Financial Crisis; Turnarounds; Financial Distress; Negotiation; Entrepreneurs; Bank Loan; Search Funds; Liquidation; Boards Of Directors; Ethics; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Acquisition; Entrepreneurship; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Stevenson, Howard H., Michael J. Roberts, and James M. Sharpe. "Peter Jepsen." Harvard Business School Case 813-046, July 2012. (Revised April 2013.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?

      By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
      We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient... View Details
      Keywords: Great Depression; R&D; Bank Distress; Patents; Research and Development; Financial Crisis; Innovation and Invention; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; United States
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-106, May 2012. (Revised October 2013. Revise and Resubmit, Journal of Financial Economics.)
      • September 2009 (Revised June 2011)
      • Supplement

      Citigroup's Exchange Offer (B)

      By: Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Citigroup faced considerable distress in early 2009. In late 2008, the bank had accepted $45 billion in preferred equity from the United States government via the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). Yet, the stock had continued to slide in early 2009. In late... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Instruments; Financial Services Industry
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      Greenwood, Robin, and James Quinn. "Citigroup's Exchange Offer (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 210-004, September 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
      • September 2009 (Revised June 2011)
      • Supplement

      Citigroup's Exchange Offer (C)

      By: Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Citigroup faced considerable distress in early 2009. In late 2008, the bank had accepted $45 billion in preferred equity from the United States government via the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). Yet, the stock had continued to slide in early 2009. In late... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Instruments; Financial Services Industry
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      Greenwood, Robin, and James Quinn. "Citigroup's Exchange Offer (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 210-015, September 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
      • July 2009 (Revised June 2015)
      • Case

      Citigroup's Exchange Offer

      By: Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Citigroup faced considerable distress in early 2009. In late 2008, the bank had accepted $45 billion in preferred equity from the United States government via the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). Yet, the stock had continued to slide in early 2009. In late... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Capital Markets; Banks and Banking; Stocks; Price; Globalized Markets and Industries; Financial Services Industry
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      Greenwood, Robin, and James Quinn. "Citigroup's Exchange Offer." Harvard Business School Case 210-009, July 2009. (Revised June 2015.)
      • March 2009 (Revised November 2016)
      • Case

      Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds

      By: Daniel Baird Bergstresser, Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Washington Mutual issued 6 billion euro of covered bonds in 2006. The objective of the case is to ask whether these bonds are mispriced in late 2008. The case is set in September 2008, and Washington Mutual is facing considerable distress due to mounting losses in its... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Markets; Financial Liquidity; Bonds; Mortgages; Price; Banking Industry; United States
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      Bergstresser, Daniel Baird, Robin Greenwood, and James Quinn. "Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds." Harvard Business School Case 209-093, March 2009. (Revised November 2016.)
      • March 2009 (Revised November 2009)
      • Supplement

      Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds Courseware

      By: Daniel Baird Bergstresser, Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
      Washington Mutual issues 6 billion Euro of covered bonds in 2006. The objective of the case is to ask whether these bonds are mispriced in late 2008. The case is set in September 20008, and Washington Mutual is facing considerable distress due to mounting losses on its... View Details
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Bonds; Education; Information; Banking Industry
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      Bergstresser, Daniel Baird, Robin Greenwood, and James Quinn. "Washington Mutual's Covered Bonds Courseware." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 209-724, March 2009. (Revised November 2009.)
      • 2000
      • Chapter

      Main Banks, Creditor Concentration, and the Resolution of Financial Distress in Japan

      By: Brian J. Hall and David E. Weinstein
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Financial Condition; Banking Industry; Japan
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      Hall, Brian J., and David E. Weinstein. "Main Banks, Creditor Concentration, and the Resolution of Financial Distress in Japan." In Finance, Governance, and Competitiveness in Japan, edited by Masahiko Aoki and Gary Saxenhouse. Oxford University Press, 2000.
      • September 1990
      • Article

      The Role of Banks in Reducing the Costs of Financial Distress in Japan

      By: David S. Scharfstein, Takeo Hoshi and Anil Kashyap
      Keywords: Banks and Banking; Cost; Global Range
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      Scharfstein, David S., Takeo Hoshi, and Anil Kashyap. "The Role of Banks in Reducing the Costs of Financial Distress in Japan." Journal of Financial Economics 27, no. 1 (September 1990): 67–88.
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