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      • July–August 2025
      • Article

      Case Study: Do We Reskill or Replace Our Workforce?

      By: William Kerr
      To remain competitive in the internet-of-things era, should the CEO of SolidTech Innovations, a fictional elevator company, invest a lot of money in reskilling its entire staff? The industry is moving from hardware to software in the form of smart, connected elevators.... View Details
      Keywords: Training; Competency and Skills; Employees; Change Management; Leading Change
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      Kerr, William. "Case Study: Do We Reskill or Replace Our Workforce?" Harvard Business Review 103, no. 4 (July–August 2025): 141–145.
      • June 2025
      • Case

      TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions

      By: Isamar Troncoso, Frank V. Cespedes and Stacy Straaberg
      Education technology (edtech) company TagHive, founded in 2017, used a direct sales team and third-party distributors to sell its Class Saathi hardware and software solution to 300 clients, mainly primary and secondary schools in India. The product aimed to improve... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Social Marketing; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Adoption; Education; Teaching; Price; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development; Technological Innovation; Education Industry; Technology Industry; India; South Korea
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      Troncoso, Isamar, Frank V. Cespedes, and Stacy Straaberg. "TagHive: Edtech Pricing and Distributor Decisions." Harvard Business School Case 525-001, June 2025.
      • June 2025
      • Article

      Ideation with Generative AI—In Consumer Research and Beyond

      By: Julian De Freitas, G. Nave and Stefano Puntoni
      The use of large language models (LLMs) in consumer research is rapidly evolving, with applications including synthetic data generation, data analysis, and more. However, their role in creative ideation—a cornerstone of consumer research—remains underexplored. Drawing... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Model; AI and Machine Learning; Creativity; Innovation Strategy
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      De Freitas, Julian, G. Nave, and Stefano Puntoni. "Ideation with Generative AI—In Consumer Research and Beyond." Journal of Consumer Research 51, no. 1 (June 2025): 18–31.
      • Working Paper

      Shifting Work Patterns with Generative AI

      By: Eleanor W. Dillon, Sonia Jaffe, Nicole Immorlica and Christopher T. Stanton
      We present evidence on how generative AI changes the work patterns of knowledge workers using data from a 6-month-long, cross-industry, randomized field experiment. Half of the 7,137 workers in the study received access to a generative AI tool integrated into the... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Behavior; Time Management
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      Dillon, Eleanor W., Sonia Jaffe, Nicole Immorlica, and Christopher T. Stanton. "Shifting Work Patterns with Generative AI." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33795, May 2025.
      • May 2025
      • Case

      Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra and Radhika Kak
      In April 2025, the founding team of Windsurf, an AI start-up specializing in code generation gathered in Mountain View, California, to assess its remarkable year of growth. The company had scaled from a niche GitHub Copilot alternative to a breakout player with over... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Venture Capital; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra, and Radhika Kak. "Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market." Harvard Business School Case 125-111, May 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Background Note

      Climate Change Adaptation with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Nabig Chaudhry
      Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as powerful tools to address climate change. This note summarizes a wide range of the uses of AI/ML to drive climate change adaptation and resilience, the measures organizations and governments are... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Adaptation
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Nabig Chaudhry. "Climate Change Adaptation with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning." Harvard Business School Background Note 625-050, April 2025.
      • April 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Adobe: GenAI Opportunity or Threat?

      By: Sunil Gupta, Rajiv Lal and Allison Ciechanover
      In December 2022, Adobe CEO Shantanu Narayen faced a pivotal strategic decision due to the rapid rise of generative AI image models from OpenAI, Midjourney, and StabilityAI. Adobe, a leader in digital media and marketing software with a 40-year legacy of innovation and... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Ethics; AI and Machine Learning; Trust; Business Strategy; Technology Industry; San Jose
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      Gupta, Sunil, Rajiv Lal, and Allison Ciechanover. "Adobe: GenAI Opportunity or Threat?" Harvard Business School Case 525-052, April 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • April 2025
      • Case

      The CHIPS Program Office (Abridged)

      By: Mitch Weiss and Sebastian Negron-Reichard
      In February 2023, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo weighed signing off on a Notice of Funding Opportunity (“NOFO”) with at least one unconventional provision: a pre-application (“pre-app”) to the actual application for parts of $39 billion in direct semiconductor... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Motivation and Incentives; Semiconductor Industry; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Weiss, Mitch, and Sebastian Negron-Reichard. "The CHIPS Program Office (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 825-192, April 2025.
      • March–April 2025
      • Article

      Strategy in an Era of Abundant Expertise: How to Thrive When AI Makes Knowledge and Know-How Cheaper and Easier to Access

      By: Bobby Yerramilli-Rao, John Corwin, Yang Li and Karim R. Lakhani
      The AI era is in its early stages, and the technology is evolving extremely quickly. Providers are rapidly introducing AI "copilots," "bots," and "assistants" into applications to augment employees' workflows. Examples include GitHub Copilot for coding, ServiceNow... View Details
      Keywords: AI; AI and Machine Learning; Performance Productivity; Experience and Expertise; Technology Adoption
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      Yerramilli-Rao, Bobby, John Corwin, Yang Li, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Strategy in an Era of Abundant Expertise: How to Thrive When AI Makes Knowledge and Know-How Cheaper and Easier to Access." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 2 (March–April 2025): 72–81.
      • April 2025
      • Case

      Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Allison Ciechanover and George Gonzalez
      In early 2025, Salesforce was a global leader in cloud-based enterprise software, best known for pioneering customer relationship management (CRM) delivered as a service. Over the past two decades, the company had expanded into marketing, customer service, analytics,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Customer Relationship Management; Price; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Sales; Business Strategy; Ethics; Product Launch; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Allison Ciechanover, and George Gonzalez. "Salesforce Agentforce: The Limitless Workforce." Harvard Business School Case 125-096, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders

      By: W. Scott Frame, Ruidi Huang, Erica Jiang, Yeonjoon Lee, Will Liu, Erik J. Mayer and Adi Sunderam
      We study links between the labor market for loan officers and access to mortgage credit. Using novel data matching the (near) universe of mortgage applications to loan officers, we find that minorities are significantly underrepresented among loan officers. Minority... View Details
      Keywords: Household Finance; Demographic Economics; Financial Institutions; Diversity; Prejudice and Bias; Mortgages; Personal Finance
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      Frame, W. Scott, Ruidi Huang, Erica Jiang, Yeonjoon Lee, Will Liu, Erik J. Mayer, and Adi Sunderam. "The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders." Journal of Finance 80, no. 2 (April 2025): 1209–1260.
      • March 2025 (Revised June 2025)
      • Case

      Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian’s Distributed Work Practices

      By: Ashley Whillans and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa
      In early 2020, the software company Atlassian made a bold commitment: employees could work from anywhere—forever. While many tech peers reversed course on remote work, Atlassian worked to optimize their fully distributed model across 13 countries. This case follows... View Details
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Gabriel Rondón Ichikawa. "Designing the Future of Work: Atlassian’s Distributed Work Practices." Harvard Business School Case 925-029, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 27, 2025
      • Article

      How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base

      By: Sunil Gupta and Frank V. Cespedes
      The software company SAP successfully leveraged AI tools to begin selling to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) market, which had previously been uneconomical for its in-person sales approach. By mapping the customer journey and deploying over 40 AI tools, SAP... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Sales; Business Strategy; Market Entry and Exit
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Frank V. Cespedes. "How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base." Harvard Business Review (website) (March 27, 2025).
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Xfund and Sam Altman: Finding Harvard's Best Generative AI Founders

      By: Suraj Srinivasan
      On May 1, 2024, Xfund Managing Partners Patrick Chung and Brandon Farwell, hosted a high-stakes venture pitch session designed to select one startup for a minimum $100,000 investment. This “Xperiment Stake” competition, dedicated to startups in the Generative AI... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Venture Capital; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Business Startups; Competition; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj. "Xfund and Sam Altman: Finding Harvard's Best Generative AI Founders." Harvard Business School Case 125-090, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Skylight: Hit Product or Scalable Company?

      By: Rembrand Koning, Christina Wallace and Jeff Huizinga
      Skylight, originally a digital frame startup aimed at connecting dispersed families, expanded with a second product—Calendar—to help families manage schedules. Despite significant potential, Calendar struggled with persistent technical issues and poor customer... View Details
      Keywords: Culture; Software; Hardware; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Customer Satisfaction; Resource Allocation; Product Launch; Business Strategy; Expansion
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      Koning, Rembrand, Christina Wallace, and Jeff Huizinga. "Skylight: Hit Product or Scalable Company?" Harvard Business School Case 825-143, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Case

      Metaphysic AI: Rethinking the Value of Human Expertise

      By: Zoë B. Cullen, Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      In early 2025, Thomas Graham, CEO of Metaphysic, a leading AI generative video company confronted fundamental questions about who should control digital identity in a world where AI could perfectly recreate human likeness. Founded in 2021, Metaphysic first rose to fame... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Ethics; AI and Machine Learning; Intellectual Property; Rights; Negotiation; Value; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; Motion Pictures and Video Industry
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      Cullen, Zoë B., Shikhar Ghosh, and Shweta Bagai. "Metaphysic AI: Rethinking the Value of Human Expertise." Harvard Business School Case 825-146, March 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Incentive-Compatible Recovery from Manipulated Signals, with Applications to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure

      By: Jason Milionis, Jens Ernstberger, Joseph Bonneau, Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
      We introduce the first formal model capturing the elicitation of unverifiable information from a party (the "source") with implicit signals derived by other players (the "observers"). Our model is motivated in part by applications in decentralized physical... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Infrastructure; Information Infrastructure
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      Milionis, Jason, Jens Ernstberger, Joseph Bonneau, Scott Duke Kominers, and Tim Roughgarden. "Incentive-Compatible Recovery from Manipulated Signals, with Applications to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field

      By: Erika L. Kirgios, Ike Silver and Edward H. Chang
      Many organizations struggle to attract a demographically diverse workforce. How does adding a measurable goal to a public diversity commitment—for example, “We care about diversity” versus “We care about diversity and plan to hire at least one woman or racial minority... View Details
      Keywords: Selection and Staffing; Recruitment; Diversity; Goals and Objectives; Communication Intention and Meaning; Behavior
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      Kirgios, Erika L., Ike Silver, and Edward H. Chang. "Does Communicating Measurable Diversity Goals Attract or Repel Historically Marginalized Job Applicants? Evidence from the Lab and Field." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 154, no. 3 (March 2025): 624–643.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Discrimination, Rejection, and Job Search

      By: Anne Boring, Katherine Coffman, Dylan Glover and María José González-Fuentes
      We investigate how candidates’ willingness to apply responds to (potential) discrimination and rejection using a simulated labor market. Past work has shown that “blinding” job applications reduces discrimination and increases the rate at which women are hired. Our... View Details
      Keywords: Job Search; Prejudice and Bias; Selection and Staffing; Demographics
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      Boring, Anne, Katherine Coffman, Dylan Glover, and María José González-Fuentes. "Discrimination, Rejection, and Job Search." Working Paper, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      Fly, Fix, Fly at True Anomaly

      By: Joshua Lev Krieger, Jim Matheson, Fiona Murray and David Allen
      How should companies learn from failure? Founded by four U.S. Space Force warfighters, the tough tech startup True Anomaly wanted to compete with major defense contractors to supply the U.S. Department of Defense with satellites and software that could help protect... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Engineering; National Security; Digital Platforms; Failure; Problems and Challenges; Business and Government Relations; Entrepreneurship; Aerospace Industry; United States; Colorado
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      Krieger, Joshua Lev, Jim Matheson, Fiona Murray, and David Allen. "Fly, Fix, Fly at True Anomaly." Harvard Business School Case 825-040, February 2025.
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