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    • All HBS Web  (2,286)
      • Faculty Publications  (577)

      Performance ImprovementRemove Performance Improvement →

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      • April 2019 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Clear Link Technologies, LLC: Driving Sales with Peer Effects

      By: Christopher Stanton, Richard Saouma and Olivia Hull
      The importance of a good peer or coworker is widely discussed, but understanding the glue that makes coworkers valuable is less understood. This case sheds light on the importance of peers and the practices and environments that make a group greater than the sum of its... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Interactive Communication; Experience and Expertise; Decision Making; Training; Design; Compensation and Benefits; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Sharing; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Measurement and Metrics; Outcome or Result; Performance; Performance Improvement; Research; Sales; Salesforce Management; Motivation and Incentives; Telecommunications Industry; Utah; United States
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      Stanton, Christopher, Richard Saouma, and Olivia Hull. "Clear Link Technologies, LLC: Driving Sales with Peer Effects." Harvard Business School Case 819-072, April 2019. (Revised January 2025.)
      • April 2019
      • Article

      Incentives for Public Goods Inside Organizations: Field Experimental Evidence

      By: Andrea Blasco, Olivia S. Jung, Karim R. Lakhani and Michael Menietti
      Understanding why employees go the extra mile at work is a key problem for many organizations. We conduct a field experiment at a medical organization to study motivations for employees to submit project proposals for organizational improvement. In total, we analyze... View Details
      Keywords: Field Experiment; Innovation; Contest; Incentives; Free-rider Problem; Healthcare Organizations; Employees; Motivation and Incentives; Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Performance Improvement; Perspective
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      Blasco, Andrea, Olivia S. Jung, Karim R. Lakhani, and Michael Menietti. "Incentives for Public Goods Inside Organizations: Field Experimental Evidence." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 160 (April 2019): 214–229.
      • March 2019 (Revised April 2019)
      • Case

      Measuring Impact at JUST Capital

      By: Ethan C. Rouen and Charles C.Y. Wang
      JUST Capital is a nonprofit organization that seeks to make public companies more "just" by measuring and ranking their overall impact on society, based on the priorities most important to the average American. This case examines JUST’s strategy for influencing... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Social Issues; Performance Evaluation
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      Rouen, Ethan C., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Measuring Impact at JUST Capital." Harvard Business School Case 119-092, March 2019. (Revised April 2019.)
      • March 2019 (Revised May 2019)
      • Case

      Fetchr: A New Way of Last Mile Delivery

      By: V.G. Narayanan and Eren Kuzucu
      By mid-2016, five years of aggressive growth had transformed Fetchr from a small logistics startup to a 1,000-employee, full-fledged last-mile delivery company operating across four countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Already beneficiaries of the... View Details
      Keywords: Startup; Decision; Financial Strategy; UAE; KSA; MENA; Cost Accounting; Business Model; Business Startups; Transformation; Cost Management; Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Technological Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Logistics; Service Delivery; Supply Chain Management; Performance Evaluation; Mathematical Methods; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Transportation Networks; Middle East; United Arab Emirates; Dubai; Bahrain; Egypt; Saudi Arabia; North Africa
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      Narayanan, V.G., and Eren Kuzucu. "Fetchr: A New Way of Last Mile Delivery." Harvard Business School Case 119-018, March 2019. (Revised May 2019.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Biometric Monitoring, Service Delivery and Misreporting: Evidence from Healthcare in India

      By: Thomas Bossuroy, Clara Delavallade and Vincent Pons
      Developing countries increasingly use biometric identification technology in hopes of improving the reliability of administrative information and delivering social services more efficiently. This paper exploits the random placement of biometric tracking devices in... View Details
      Keywords: Biometric Technology; Health Care and Treatment; Technological Innovation; Analytics and Data Science; Quality; Performance Improvement; India
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      Bossuroy, Thomas, Clara Delavallade, and Vincent Pons. "Biometric Monitoring, Service Delivery and Misreporting: Evidence from Healthcare in India." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26388, October 2019. (Revise and resubmit requested, Review of Economics and Statistics.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      When Does Gamified Training Improve Performance? The Roles of Office and Leader Engagement

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Wei Cai and Tatiana Sandino
      Gamified training is a novel management control system in which companies use gamification techniques to engage and motivate employees to learn. This study empirically examines the performance consequences of gamified training using data from a natural field... View Details
      Keywords: Gamified Training; Management Control Systems; Employee Engagement; Employees; Learning; Training; Motivation and Incentives; Performance
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      Buell, Ryan W., Wei Cai, and Tatiana Sandino. "When Does Gamified Training Improve Performance? The Roles of Office and Leader Engagement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-101, March 2019. (Revised October 2023.)
      • March 2019
      • Article

      A Structural Analysis of the Role of Superstars in Crowdsourcing Contests

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Param Singh and Anindya Ghose
      We investigate the long-term impact of competing against superstars in crowdsourcing contests. Using a unique 50-month longitudinal panel data set on 1677 software design crowdsourcing contests, we illustrate a learning effect where participants are able to improve... View Details
      Keywords: Crowdsourcing Contests; Superstar Effect; Bayesian Learning; Utility; Economics Of Information System; Dynamic Structural Model; Dynamic Programming; Markov Chain; Monte Carlo; Learning; Competition; Performance Improvement
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Param Singh, and Anindya Ghose. "A Structural Analysis of the Role of Superstars in Crowdsourcing Contests." Information Systems Research 30, no. 1 (March 2019): 15–33.
      • Article

      Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Appropriateness: An Interdisciplinary Consensus-Based Approach

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Michael Nurok, Jonathan Warsh, Todd Griner, Mayumi Kharabi, Joseph Castongia, Cali Overbeck, Lisa Krueger, Bernice Coleman, Danny Ramzy, Joshua Chung, Alice Chan, Eric Ley, Sindhu Kubendran, Neil Parrish, Zhe Yu, Michael Landberg, Stuart Finder, Bradley T. Rosen, Harry Sax and Francisco Arabia
      We describe a quality improvement initiative aimed at achieving interdisciplinary consensus about the appropriate delivery of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Interdisciplinary rounds were implemented for all patients on ECMO and addressed whether care was... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Quality; Performance Improvement
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Michael Nurok, Jonathan Warsh, Todd Griner, Mayumi Kharabi, Joseph Castongia, Cali Overbeck, Lisa Krueger, Bernice Coleman, Danny Ramzy, Joshua Chung, Alice Chan, Eric Ley, Sindhu Kubendran, Neil Parrish, Zhe Yu, Michael Landberg, Stuart Finder, Bradley T. Rosen, Harry Sax, and Francisco Arabia. "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Appropriateness: An Interdisciplinary Consensus-Based Approach." Anesthesia & Analgesia 128, no. 3 (March 2019).
      • Article

      Thin Slices of Workgroups

      By: Patricia Satterstrom, Jeffrey T. Polzer, Lisa Kwan, Oliver P. Hauser, Wannawiruch Wiruchnipawan and Marina Burke
      In this paper, we explore whether perceivers can accurately assess the effectiveness of groups, how perceivers use group properties to inform their judgment, and the contextual and individual differences that allow some perceivers to be more accurate. Across seven... View Details
      Keywords: Group Perception; Group Effectiveness; Thin Slices; Social Sensitivity; Attentional Focus; Groups and Teams; Performance Effectiveness; Perception
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      Satterstrom, Patricia, Jeffrey T. Polzer, Lisa Kwan, Oliver P. Hauser, Wannawiruch Wiruchnipawan, and Marina Burke. "Thin Slices of Workgroups." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 151 (March 2019): 104–117.
      • January 2019 (Revised February 2020)
      • Case

      Should a Pension Fund Try to Change the World? Inside GPIF's Embrace of ESG

      By: George Serafeim
      In the fall of 2018, Hiro Mizuno, the Chief Investment Officer (CIO) of GPIF, the Japanese Government Pension Fund, was reflecting on his efforts to integrate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues into every aspect of GPIF’s portfolio. His efforts ranged... View Details
      Keywords: Pension Funds; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investment Funds; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Governance; Leading Change; Economy; Performance Improvement; Japan
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      Henderson, Rebecca, George Serafeim, Josh Lerner, and Naoko Jinjo. "Should a Pension Fund Try to Change the World? Inside GPIF's Embrace of ESG." Harvard Business School Case 319-067, January 2019. (Revised February 2020.)
      • December 2018
      • Article

      Improving Resilience Among Employees High in Depression, Anxiety, and Workplace Distress

      By: Allison L. Williams, Acacia C. Parks, Grace Cormier, Julia Stafford and A.V. Whillans
      Depression and anxiety are costly for both employees and employers, in terms of direct medical costs as well as costs stemming from lost productive time and missed days at work. Resilience training has been shown to improve workplace functioning for employees, which... View Details
      Keywords: Depression; Anxiety; Engagement; Resilience; Presenteeism; Employee Engagement; Mental Health; Employees; Emotions; Health; Internet and the Web; Performance Productivity
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      Williams, Allison L., Acacia C. Parks, Grace Cormier, Julia Stafford, and A.V. Whillans. "Improving Resilience Among Employees High in Depression, Anxiety, and Workplace Distress." International Journal of Management Research 9, nos. 1-2 (December 2018): 4–22.
      • November 2018
      • Case

      Komatsu Komtrax: Asset Tracking Meets Demand Forecasting

      By: Willy Shih, Paul Hong and YoungWon Park
      Komatsu's Komtrax system started as a way of remotely monitoring and tracking equipment for the purpose of improving operational efficiency. This case follows its evolution towards other uses including demand forecasting for its sales, marketing, and production... View Details
      Keywords: Big Data; Manufacturing; Manufacturing Industry; Data Strategy; Internet Of Things; Construction; Production; Analytics and Data Science; Strategy; Performance Efficiency; Forecasting and Prediction; Industrial Products Industry; Construction Industry; Japan
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      Shih, Willy, Paul Hong, and YoungWon Park. "Komatsu Komtrax: Asset Tracking Meets Demand Forecasting." Harvard Business School Case 619-022, November 2018.
      • Summer, 2018
      • Article

      Innovation, Reallocation and Growth

      By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom and William R. Kerr
      We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth, and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high- and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the... View Details
      Keywords: Entry; Growth; Industrial Policy; Innovation; R&D; Reallocation; Selection; Market Entry and Exit; Growth and Development; Innovation and Invention; Research and Development; Performance Productivity
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      Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom, and William R. Kerr. "Innovation, Reallocation and Growth." American Economic Review 108, no. 11 (November 2018): 3450–3491.
      • October 2018
      • Article

      Competing with Complementors: An Empirical Look at Amazon.com

      By: Feng Zhu and Qihong Liu
      Platform owners sometimes enter complementors' product spaces to compete against them directly. Prior studies have offered two possible explanations for such entries: platform owners may target the most successful complementors so as to appropriate value from their... View Details
      Keywords: Amazon; Complementors; Co-opetition; Entry; Platform-based Markets; Competition; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy
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      Zhu, Feng, and Qihong Liu. "Competing with Complementors: An Empirical Look at Amazon.com." Strategic Management Journal 39, no. 10 (October 2018): 2618–2642.
      • October 2018
      • Article

      The Operational Value of Social Media Information

      By: Ruomeng Cui, Santiago Gallino, Antonio Moreno and Dennis J. Zhang
      While the value of using social media information has been established in multiple business contexts, the field of operations and supply chain management have not yet explored the possibilities it offers in improving firms' operational decisions. This study attempts to... View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Information; Sales; Forecasting and Prediction; Social Media
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      Cui, Ruomeng, Santiago Gallino, Antonio Moreno, and Dennis J. Zhang. "The Operational Value of Social Media Information." Special Issue on Big Data in Supply Chain Management. Production and Operations Management 27, no. 10 (October 2018): 1749–1774.
      • Fall 2018
      • Article

      The Value of Fit Information in Online Retail: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

      By: Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      Online channels generate frictions when selling products with nondigital attributes, such as apparel. Customers may be reluctant to purchase products they have not been able to try on, and those customers who do purchase may return products when they do not fit as... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain Information; Fit Uncertainty; Online Retail; Randomized Field Experiment; Virtual Fitting Room; Digital Retail; Customization and Personalization; Internet and the Web; Value; Performance Improvement; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Retail Industry
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      Gallino, Santiago, and Antonio Moreno. "The Value of Fit Information in Online Retail: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 20, no. 4 (Fall 2018): 767–787.
      • September 2018
      • Article

      Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services

      By: Maria Ibanez, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
      Work-scheduling research typically prescribes task sequences implemented by managers. Yet employees often have discretion to deviate from their prescribed sequence. Using data from 2.4 million radiological diagnoses, we find that doctors prioritize similar tasks... View Details
      Keywords: Discretion; Scheduling; Queue; Healthcare; Learning; Experience; Decentralization; Operations; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Efficiency; Performance Improvement; Performance Productivity; Decisions; Time Management; Cost vs Benefits; Health Industry
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      Ibanez, Maria, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman, and Bradley R. Staats. "Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services." Management Science 64, no. 9 (September 2018): 4389–4407. (Working paper available here. Winner of the 2017 Best Paper Competition of the POMS College of Healthcare Operations Management. Featured in Forbes, Quartz, and Inc.)
      • August 28, 2018
      • Article

      How Intermittent Breaks in Interaction Improve Collective Intelligence

      By: Ethan Bernstein, Jesse Shore and David Lazer
      People influence each other when they interact to solve problems. Such social influence introduces both benefits (higher average solution quality due to exploitation of existing answers through social learning) and costs (lower maximum solution quality due to a... View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Social Influence; Collective Intelligence; Interaction; Problem Solving; Collaboration; Intermittant; Breaks; Always On; Communication Technologies; Communication; Design; Information; Management; Leadership; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Performance; Social and Collaborative Networks; Information Technology
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      Bernstein, Ethan, Jesse Shore, and David Lazer. "How Intermittent Breaks in Interaction Improve Collective Intelligence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 35 (August 28, 2018).
      • August 2018
      • Case

      Performance Improvement Consulting and Hi-R-Me: Making Sales Calls

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and David Mattson
      This case study focuses on a professional services firm (“Performance Improvement Consulting”) and its sales calls on Hi-R-Me, a potential client. The case is supplemented by videos showing the initial contact call, a follow-up discovery call, and a face-to-face... View Details
      Keywords: Sales Calls; Sales; Competency and Skills
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and David Mattson. "Performance Improvement Consulting and Hi-R-Me: Making Sales Calls." Harvard Business School Case 819-043, August 2018.
      • August 2018 (Revised July 2019)
      • Background Note

      Conducting a Kaizen

      By: Willy Shih
      Kaizen, meaning change for the better in Japanese, is a set of activities directed at improving standardized work, equipment, and procedures for carrying out daily production or other business operations. It was popularized by Toyota as an integral part of its Toyota... View Details
      Keywords: Best Practices; Continuous Improvement; Kaizen; Process Improvement; 5S; Muda; Toyota Production System; Production; Service Operations; Performance Improvement; North and Central America; Asia; Japan
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      Shih, Willy. "Conducting a Kaizen." Harvard Business School Background Note 619-016, August 2018. (Revised July 2019.)
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