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    • All HBS Web  (1,349)
      • Faculty Publications  (179)

      Open Source SoftwareRemove Open Source Software →

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      • 2003
      • Working Paper

      Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pankaj Ghemawat
      This paper analyzes a dynamic mixed duopoly in which a profit-maximizing competitor interacts with a competitor that prices at zero (or marginal cost), with the cumulation of output affecting their relative positions over time. The modeling effort is motivated by... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Competition; Open Source Distribution; Balance and Stability; Applications and Software; Network Effects; Duopoly and Oligopoly
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Pankaj Ghemawat. "Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 04-012, August 2003.
      • July 2003
      • Article

      Community, Joining, and Specialization in Open Source Software Innovation: A Case Study

      By: Georg von Krogh, Sebastian Spaeth and Karim R. Lakhani
      Keywords: Civil Society or Community; Applications and Software; Information; Information Technology Industry
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      von Krogh, Georg, Sebastian Spaeth, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Community, Joining, and Specialization in Open Source Software Innovation: A Case Study." Research Policy 32, no. 7 (July 2003): 1217–1241.
      • June 2003
      • Case

      IBM and Linux (A)

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Siobhan O'Mahony and James Quinn
      In the fall of 1998, Dan Frye, member of IBM's emerging technologies and business team, is trying to decide whether to forge a strategic alliance with the Linux Development Community (LDC). Just two years earlier, IBM had its first exposure to an "open source" software... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Open Source Distribution; Problems and Challenges; Alliances; Cooperation; Computer Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., Siobhan O'Mahony, and James Quinn. "IBM and Linux (A)." Harvard Business School Case 903-083, June 2003.
      • June 2003
      • Article

      How Open Source Software Works: "Free" User-to-User Assistance

      By: Karim R. Lakhani and Eric von Hippel
      Keywords: Information Technology; Applications and Software
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      Lakhani, Karim R., and Eric von Hippel. How Open Source Software Works: "Free" User-to-User Assistance. Research Policy 32, no. 6 (June 2003): 923–943.
      • May 2003
      • Article

      Managing the Sources of Uncertainty: Matching Process and Context in Software Development

      By: Alan MacCormack and Roberto Verganti
      Keywords: Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Applications and Software; Research and Development; Technology Industry
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      MacCormack, Alan, and Roberto Verganti. "Managing the Sources of Uncertainty: Matching Process and Context in Software Development." Journal of Product Innovation Management 20 (May 2003): 217–232.
      • 2003
      • Conference Paper

      Follow the Money: What Really Drives Technology Innovation in Construction

      By: John D. Macomber
      Technology enthusiasts, academics, and software companies remain concerned about the slow pace of innovation in the construction industry. Tools are widely available that seem to provide eminently sensible and clearly apparent improvement to the process of design and... View Details
      Keywords: Buildings and Facilities; Technological Innovation; Construction; Design; Performance Improvement; Motivation and Incentives; Knowledge Management; Adoption; Business Model; Capital Structure; Supply Chain
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      Macomber, John D. "Follow the Money: What Really Drives Technology Innovation in Construction." Paper presented at the American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003.
      • 2004
      • Chapter

      Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Prosperity: Findings from the Business Competitiveness Index

      By: Michael E. Porter
      In The Global Competitiveness Report 2003-2004
      Competitiveness has become a central preoccupation of both advanced and developing countries in an increasingly open and integrated world economy. Despite its acknowledged importance, the concept of competitiveness... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Growth and Development
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      Porter, Michael E. "Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Prosperity: Findings from the Business Competitiveness Index." In The Global Competitiveness Report 2003-2004, edited by Michael E. Porter, Klaus Schwab, and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, 29–56. Oxford University Press, 2004.
      • August 2002
      • Case

      Trilogy University

      By: Thomas J. DeLong and Michael Paley
      In early 2001, Trilogy Software faced a slowdown in its business, a large number of unsuccessful customer deployments, and an overall weakening in the enterprise software market. In response, the company revamped its business model and restructured the organization.... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Alignment; Restructuring; Organizational Structure; Change Management; Business Strategy; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Information Technology Industry
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      DeLong, Thomas J., and Michael Paley. "Trilogy University." Harvard Business School Case 403-012, August 2002.
      • June 2002
      • Article

      Some Simple Economics of Open Source

      By: Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
      Keywords: Economics
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      Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. "Some Simple Economics of Open Source." Journal of Industrial Economics 50, no. 2 (June 2002): 197–234. (Earlier versions distributed as HBS Working Paper No. 00-068 and NBER Working Paper No. 7600.)
      • October 2001 (Revised March 2002)
      • Case

      Siemens AG: Global Development Strategy (A)

      By: Stefan H. Thomke and Ashok Nimgade
      Describes how Siemens, the German electrical engineering giant, has developed and manages global R&D in its large Information and Communications Networks (ICN) division. In 1994, Siemens opened its Bangalore (India) center, which has now grown into one of its largest... View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Research and Development; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Product Development; Telecommunications Industry; Germany; Bangalore
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      Thomke, Stefan H., and Ashok Nimgade. "Siemens AG: Global Development Strategy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 602-061, October 2001. (Revised March 2002.)
      • May 2001
      • Article

      The Open Source Movement: Key Research Questions

      By: Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
      The paper analyzes the incentives of individual programmers and of commercial companies to participate in open source projects. While these incentives are in our opinion well accounted for by the economic paradigm, much empirical and theoretical work is still needed to... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Open Source Distribution
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      Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. "The Open Source Movement: Key Research Questions." Special Issue on Papers and Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the European Economic Association European Economic Review 45, nos. 4-6 (May 2001): 819–826.
      • April 2001 (Revised July 2001)
      • Case

      Verge Software (A)

      By: Dorothy A. Leonard and Elizabeth Kind
      Scott Rozic, CEO of start-up Verge Software, has just told his board that he is taking the company in a totally new direction, moving from enterprise knowledge management software to Internet direct marketing. This case covers the start-up of the business, and Rozic's... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Investment; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Business or Company Management; Business Strategy; Technological Innovation; Applications and Software; Management Teams; Governing and Advisory Boards; Business Startups; Decision Choices and Conditions; Product Development; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Leonard, Dorothy A., and Elizabeth Kind. "Verge Software (A)." Harvard Business School Case 601-065, April 2001. (Revised July 2001.)
      • November 1999 (Revised March 2002)
      • Case

      Red Hat and the Linux Revolution

      By: Alan D. MacCormack and Kerry Herman
      The case describes the history of the Linux operating system and the open-source movement in general. Focuses on a critical decision being made by Red Hat, the largest distributor of Linux, about its future development efforts. The decision allows students to explore... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Product Development; Change Management; Research and Development; Business Processes; Disruptive Innovation; Information Technology Industry; North Carolina
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      MacCormack, Alan D., and Kerry Herman. "Red Hat and the Linux Revolution." Harvard Business School Case 600-009, November 1999. (Revised March 2002.)
      • November – December 1998
      • Article

      Clusters and the New Economics of Competition

      By: Michael E. Porter
      This article explains how clusters foster high levels of productivity and innovation and lays out the implications for competitive strategy and economic policy. Economic geography in an era of global competition poses a paradox. In theory, location should no longer be... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; United States
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      Porter, Michael E. "Clusters and the New Economics of Competition." Harvard Business Review 76, no. 6 (November–December 1998): 77–90.
      • June 1998 (Revised January 2000)
      • Case

      Egghead.com

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport
      Egghead Software, an entrenched traditional chain retailer specializing in computer software and peripherals, had established a nationwide chain of mall and shopping center stores and a well-organized national brand. In early 1998, management made a highly unusual, and... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Digital Platforms; Internet and the Web; Applications and Software; Information Technology Industry; Retail Industry
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Jeremy Dann, and Robert C Schmults. "Egghead.com." Harvard Business School Case 898-283, June 1998. (Revised January 2000.)
      • Forthcoming
      • Article

      Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Engagement with Open Source Communities, Innovation, and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub

      By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria P. Roche
      We study the engagement of nascent firms with open source communities and its implications for innovation and attracting funding. To do so, we link data on 160,065 U.S. startups from Crunchbase to their activities on the open source software development platform... View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Knowledge; Open Source Communities; GitHub; Machine Learning; Innovation; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Information Technology; Strategy
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      Conti, Annamaria, Christian Peukert, and Maria P. Roche. "Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Engagement with Open Source Communities, Innovation, and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub." Organization Science (forthcoming). (Pre-published online March 7, 2025.)
      • Research Summary

      Competing business models

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell
      Building on the literatures on competitive positioning and the theory of industrial organization, my work seeks to tackle previously unaddressed questions by studying situations where firms compete in dissimilar ways. Some examples of these questions include:View Details
      • Research Summary

      Lean Startup Management Practices

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann

      Many information technology startups have embraced "lean startup" management practices. Lean startups confront high levels of uncertainty about both customer problems and product solutions: the strength of demand for new... View Details

      • Research Summary

      Overview

      By: Frank Nagle
      Professor Nagle studies how competitors can collaborate on the creation of core technologies, while still competing on the products and services built on top of them. His research falls into the broader categories of the futures of work, the economics of IT, and... View Details
      Keywords: Information Technology; Strategy; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Economic Growth; Entrepreneurship; Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Technology Adoption; Technology Networks
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