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  • 21 Apr 2023
  • Research & Ideas

The $15 Billion Question: Have Loot Boxes Turned Video Gaming into Gambling?

Retailer, a Tech Firm, or a Media Company? How AI Can Help Investors Decide Feedback or ideas to share? Email the Working Knowledge team at hbswk@hbs.edu. Image: iStockphoto/Sabrina Bracher View Details
Keywords: by Scott Van Voorhis; Video Game; Media & Broadcasting
  • 07 Feb 2022
  • Research & Ideas

Digital Transformation: A New Roadmap for Success

digital-first incumbents struggle to make the necessary longer-term investments when their investors focus on shorter-term metrics, participants say. At the same time, companies must deliver value at speed. They’re cutting costs through... View Details
Keywords: by Linda A. Hill, Ann Le Cam, Sunand Menon, and Emily Tedards
  • 07 Mar 2011
  • Research & Ideas

Why Companies Fail—and How Their Founders Can Bounce Back

a potential for improvement. The statistics are disheartening no matter how an entrepreneur defines failure. If failure means liquidating all assets, with investors losing most or all the money they put into the company, then the failure... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel
  • 16 Feb 2023
  • HBS Case

ESG Activists Met the Moment at ExxonMobil, But Did They Succeed?

The impact-investment hedge fund Engine No. 1 made a big splash in May 2021 when it managed to get three nominees elected to the ExxonMobil board of directors. It was an open effort to prod the oil giant toward renewable energy and test whether activist investing could... View Details
Keywords: by Lane Lambert; Financial Services
  • August 2022
  • Case

SuperRare: Turning an NFT Marketplace into a DAO

By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Scott Duke Kominers and Amy Klopfenstein
In June 2021, John Crain and Jonathan Perkins, the founders of SuperRare, a marketplace for non-fungible tokens (NFTs), contemplate whether to transform their company into a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Crain and Perkins founded SuperRare in 2018 to... View Details
Keywords: NFTs; Crypto Economy; Alternative Assets; DAOs; Arts; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Finance; Currency; Investment; Markets; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Demand and Consumers; Network Effects; Market Design; Market Transactions; Market Timing; Web Services Industry; North and Central America; United States
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  • 09 Sep 2009
  • First Look

First Look: September 9

equity that are nonetheless considered public by virtue of having publicly traded debt. We develop and test two hypotheses. The "demand" hypothesis holds that earnings of public equity firms are of higher quality than earnings of private equity firms due to... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 10 Jul 2018
  • First Look

New Research and Ideas, July 10, 2018

investors shapes information diffusion in the stock market. We exploit trade-level data to show that central brokers gather information by executing informed trades, which is then leaked to their best clients. We show that after large... View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
  • Article

Network Effects Aren't Enough

By: Andrei Hagiu and Simon Rothman
In many ways, online marketplaces are the perfect business model. Since they facilitate transactions between independent suppliers and customers rather than take possession of and responsibility for the products or services in question, they have inherently low cost... View Details
Keywords: Digital Platforms; Competition; Internet and the Web; Network Effects; Market Participation
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  • November 2004 (Revised September 2019)
  • Background Note

The U.S. Health Club Industry in 2004

By: John R. Wells, Gabriel Ellsworth and Benjamin Weinstock
In 2004, the $16.8 billion U.S. health club industry continued its strong record of growth. There were almost 27,000 health clubs in the United States, up from 6,700 two decades earlier, and these clubs claimed 41 million members, over 14% of the U.S. population.... View Details
Keywords: Health Clubs; Fitness; Gyms; Chain; Weight Loss; Obesity; Exercise; Personal Training; Bally Total Fitness; 24 Hour Fitness; YMCA; Gold's Gym; Curves; Franchise; Franchising; Subscription; Promotional Sales; Promotions; Fixed Costs; Body; Accrual Accounting; Revenue Recognition; Buildings and Facilities; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; For-Profit Firms; Trends; Customers; Demographics; Age; Income; Private Equity; Financing and Loans; Profit; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Multinational Firms and Management; Health; Nutrition; Business History; Employees; Retention; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Contracts; Business or Company Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Operations; Service Operations; Franchise Ownership; Private Ownership; Public Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Sales; Salesforce Management; Situation or Environment; Opportunities; Nonprofit Organizations; Welfare; Sports; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Consolidation; Corporate Strategy; Customization and Personalization; Expansion; Segmentation; Hardware; Health Industry; United States
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  • 16 Mar 2020
  • Research & Ideas

How the Coronavirus Is Already Rewriting the Future of Business

pandemic is likely to change how companies do business. Here’s what they said: Michael Beer: Organizations will develop trust-based cultures with employees   The coronavirus challenge demands an organization-wide, honest conversation that... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • 17 Aug 2021
  • Op-Ed

Dispensing Justice: The Case for Legalizing Cannabis Nationally

services. Institutional investors, such as endowments and pension funds, often have “vice clauses” prohibiting investments in Schedule I industries. Even private investors are dissuaded by the industry’s lack of access to bankruptcy... View Details
Keywords: by Ashish Nanda and Tabatha Robinson
  • 28 Jun 2016
  • First Look

June 28, 2016

internal venture capital arm in 2011, which promptly became the world's largest investor in energy related startups. In choosing to proceed, the company's New Business Development unit (NPD) wrestled with a number of challenges. How... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 06 May 2021
  • HBS Case

How Four Women Made Miami More Equitable for Startups

change the dynamics because they can be written off as exceptions, Kanter says. That is one reason Hatcher’s BlackTech Week has been so key to spurring change, since it annually brings together Black speakers, founders of promising ventures, and View Details
Keywords: by Carolyn DiPaolo
  • 12 Aug 2019
  • Research & Ideas

How Scale Changes a Manager's Responsibilities

I've experienced first-hand the excitement and pain that come as companies with a few founders scale to hundreds or thousands of employees. At somewhere around 75 to 100 employees, running a business becomes more complicated, demanding... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Austin
  • 06 Oct 2003
  • Research & Ideas

The Problem with Hedge Funds

volatility increases, as it has recently. But it also shows that there isn't sufficient volatility to justify a big increase in demand for stocks for hedging purposes.283 In today's market, long-term View Details
Keywords: by D. Quinn Mills
  • May–June 2021
  • Article

Capturing Value in Platform Business Models that Rely on User-Generated Content

By: Hemang Subramanian, Sabyasachi Mitra and Sam Ransbotham
Business models increasingly depend on inputs from outside traditional organizational boundaries. For example, platforms that generate revenue from advertising, subscription, or referral fees often rely on user-generated content (UGC). But there is considerable... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Network Effects; Mergers and Acquisitions; Valuation; Risk and Uncertainty
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  • 16 Jul 2020
  • Research & Ideas

Restaurant Revolution: How the Industry Is Fighting to Stay Alive

contactless curbside pickup options. Investors are helping shore up distribution networks by injecting cash into distributors to keep products flowing. Franchisees are being offered more generous payment terms. Every player in the fragile... View Details
Keywords: by Michael S. Kaufman, Lena G. Goldberg, and Jill Avery; Food & Beverage
  • 28 May 2020
  • Research & Ideas

Coronavirus Could Create a 'Bankruptcy Pandemic'

equity firms have billions of dollars of investible cash—although whether any of these investors have the appetite to risk their capital in the present environment is yet to be determined. And of course, an effective cure or vaccine for... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman; Financial Services; Banking
  • 14 Jan 2019
  • Op-Ed

These 4 CEOs Created a New Standard of Leadership

continued unabated through 2018. In 2013-14 Nooyi had to fend off activist investor Nelson Peltz, who called for breaking the company in two, never wavering from her strategy. Nooyi may have been ahead of her time, as America’s obesity... View Details
Keywords: by Bill George; Health; Banking; Food & Beverage; Consumer Products
  • 13 Dec 2011
  • First Look

First Look: Dec. 13

Internet channel, we study the introduction of a retail store and find evidence of cross-channel synergy, as the presence of a retail store increases demand in the catalog and Internet channels over time. Read the paper:... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

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