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      • Faculty Publications  (171)

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      • September 2011 (Revised February 2014)
      • Case

      Duke Energy and the Nuclear Renaissance

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Forest L. Reinhardt
      Duke Energy, an American investor-owned electric utility, confronts multibillion dollar decisions about its future fuel mix. In particular, its leaders are considering building new nuclear capacity. Whether this is sensible depends, among other things, on demand... View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Expansion; Policy; Business Strategy; Energy Sources; Utilities Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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      Vietor, Richard H.K., and Forest L. Reinhardt. "Duke Energy and the Nuclear Renaissance." Harvard Business School Case 712-002, September 2011. (Revised February 2014.)
      • Article

      Market Interest in Nonfinancial Information

      By: R. G. Eccles, Michael P. Krzus and George Serafeim
      Market interest in nonfinancial (e.g., Environmental, Social, and Governance [ESG]) information, including data produced by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), is growing. Using data from Bloomberg we analyze this interest from a variety of different perspectives, and... View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Analytics and Data Science; Perspective; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Corporate Disclosure; Projects; Interests
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      Eccles, R. G., Michael P. Krzus, and George Serafeim. "Market Interest in Nonfinancial Information." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 23, no. 4 (Fall 2011): 113–127.
      • June 2011 (Revised December 2013)
      • Case

      FIJI Water: Carbon Negative?

      By: Francesca Gino, Michael W. Toffel and Stephanie van Sice
      Seeking to go beyond global best practices in reducing environmental impacts, FIJI Water, a premium artesian bottled water company in the United States, launched a Carbon Negative campaign that would offset more greenhouse gas emissions than were released by the... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Footprint; Carbon Offsetting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Brands and Branding; Negotiation Tactics; Business and Government Relations; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Fiji
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      Gino, Francesca, Michael W. Toffel, and Stephanie van Sice. "FIJI Water: Carbon Negative?" Harvard Business School Case 611-049, June 2011. (Revised December 2013.)
      • June 2011 (Revised February 2024)
      • Background Note

      Carbon Footprints: Methods and Calculations

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Stephanie van Sice and Kelsey Carter
      Describes methods to calculate the carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions) of an organization's operations and supply chain, and a product or service. Illustrates concepts with examples of calculating the carbon footprint of organizations and products. Provides... View Details
      Keywords: Measurement; Climate Change; Climate Impact; Carbon Accounting; Carbon Footprint; Carbon Emissions; Sustainability; Environmental Management; Operations; Supply Chain; Pollutants; Measurement and Metrics; Environmental Sustainability
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      Toffel, Michael W., Stephanie van Sice, and Kelsey Carter. "Carbon Footprints: Methods and Calculations." Harvard Business School Background Note 611-075, June 2011. (Revised February 2024.)
      • June 2011 (Revised October 2012)
      • Case

      Patagonia Sur: For-Profit Land Conservation in Chile

      By: Arthur I Segel, Nicolas Ibanez and Jay Verjee
      Warren Adams founded Patagonia Sur in 2007 as one of the world's first for-profit land conservation businesses. His goal was to purchase over 100,000 acres of land in southern Chile and to run a variety of sustainable businesses to generate annual returns for... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Environmental Sustainability; Profit; Investment; For-Profit Firms; Entrepreneurship; Investment Return; Revenue; Risk and Uncertainty; Capital; SWOT Analysis; Real Estate Industry; Chile
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      Segel, Arthur I., Nicolas Ibanez, and Jay Verjee. "Patagonia Sur: For-Profit Land Conservation in Chile." Harvard Business School Case 211-103, June 2011. (Revised October 2012.)
      • March 2011
      • Teaching Note

      The Political Economy of Carbon Trading (TN)

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt and J. Gunnar Trumbull
      Teaching Note for 710056. View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Globalization; International Relations; Problems and Challenges; Agreements and Arrangements; Risk Management; Developing Countries and Economies; System; United States; China
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., and J. Gunnar Trumbull. "The Political Economy of Carbon Trading (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 711-098, March 2011.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Sustainable Cities: Oxymoron or the Shape of the Future?

      By: Annissa Alusi, Robert G. Eccles, Amy C. Edmondson and Tiona Zuzul
      Two trends are likely to define the 21st century: threats to the sustainability of the natural environment and dramatic increases in urbanization. This paper reviews the goals, business models, and partnerships involved in eight early "ecocity" projects to begin to... View Details
      Keywords: Communication Technology; Investment; City; Infrastructure; Business and Government Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Urban Development; Information Technology; Green Technology Industry; Real Estate Industry
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      Alusi, Annissa, Robert G. Eccles, Amy C. Edmondson, and Tiona Zuzul. "Sustainable Cities: Oxymoron or the Shape of the Future?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-062, December 2010. (Revised January 2011, March 2011, April 2011.)
      • October 2010 (Revised July 2013)
      • Case

      AEP: Carbon Capture and Storage

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor
      By October 2010, American Electric Power, the largest coal-fired, electric utility in the United States, had been operating a carbon capture and sequestration pilot plant for one year. Using a proprietary, Alstom chilled ammonia technology, AEP was capturing and... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Generation; Government Legislation; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Projects; Decision Choices and Conditions; Environmental Sustainability; Problems and Challenges; Utilities Industry; United States
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      Vietor, Richard H.K. "AEP: Carbon Capture and Storage." Harvard Business School Case 711-036, October 2010. (Revised July 2013.)
      • February 2010 (Revised April 2011)
      • Case

      The Political Economy of Carbon Trading

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, J. Gunnar Trumbull, Mikell Hyman, Patia McGrath and Nazli Zeynep Uludere
      Global climate change is an increasingly prominent political and business problem. Design of market-based systems to reduce carbon emissions has proven difficult. More broadly, national attempts to comply with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol present both... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; International Relations; Risk Management; Agreements and Arrangements; Business and Government Relations; Natural Environment; Pollutants; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Public Administration Industry
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., J. Gunnar Trumbull, Mikell Hyman, Patia McGrath, and Nazli Zeynep Uludere. "The Political Economy of Carbon Trading." Harvard Business School Case 710-056, February 2010. (Revised April 2011.)
      • November 2009 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      PureCircle

      By: David E. Bell and Aldo Sesia
      In December 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that high-purity Rebaudioside A (Reb A), a natural and calorie-free product that a young company named PureCircle manufactured from the Stevia plant, could be used in beverages, foods, and as a... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Investment; Globalization; Leadership; Risk Management; Product Launch; Production; Performance Productivity; Business and Shareholder Relations; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Bell, David E., and Aldo Sesia. "PureCircle." Harvard Business School Case 510-032, November 2009. (Revised March 2013.)
      • August 2009 (Revised August 2010)
      • Case

      Calera Corporation

      By: Joseph B. Lassiter III, Thomas J. Steenburgh and Lauren Barley
      Brent Constantz, founder, CEO, and president of Calera Corporation, felt a surge of optimism as he gazed at the recently commissioned prototype flue gas processing line at Calera's R&D facility in Moss Landing, California. It was late May 2009, and Calera was an... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Product Design; Product Development; Environmental Sustainability; Commercialization; Green Technology Industry
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      Lassiter, Joseph B., III, Thomas J. Steenburgh, and Lauren Barley. "Calera Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 810-030, August 2009. (Revised August 2010.)
      • July 2009 (Revised January 2014)
      • Case

      Sustainability at Millipore

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Katharine Lee
      This case describes Millipore Corporation's approach to becoming a more environmentally sustainable company. As he prepared for his quarterly meeting with the CEO, the Director of Sustainability needed to develop positions on several issues. Tactically, he needed to... View Details
      Keywords: Investment; Corporate Disclosure; Operations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Structure; Natural Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Pollutants
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Katharine Lee. "Sustainability at Millipore." Harvard Business School Case 610-012, July 2009. (Revised January 2014.) (defining sustainability in a corporate context, managing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions including inventories, targets, disclosure, reduction strategies.)
      • January 2009
      • Case

      Marks and Spencer: Plan A

      By: David E. Bell, Nitin Sanghavi and Laura Winig
      Marks & Spencer initiated a comprehensive approach to sustainability (reduction of waste, carbon emissions, fair trade) called Plan A. Does it offer a competitive advantage? View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategic Planning; Environmental Sustainability; Competitive Advantage; Retail Industry
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      Bell, David E., Nitin Sanghavi, and Laura Winig. "Marks and Spencer: Plan A." Harvard Business School Case 509-029, January 2009.
      • December 2008 (Revised January 2011)
      • Case

      Arcadia Biosciences: Seeds of Change

      By: Arthur A. Daemmrich, Forest L. Reinhardt and Mary Louise Shelman
      Arcadia Biosciences is an entrepreneurial California agricultural biotech company seeking to earn carbon credits by modifying commodity crops for use in China and India. Eric Rey, Arcadia's CEO, faced a strategic inflection point in early September 2008. The company... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Science-Based Business; Climate Change; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; China; India; California
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      Daemmrich, Arthur A., Forest L. Reinhardt, and Mary Louise Shelman. "Arcadia Biosciences: Seeds of Change." Harvard Business School Case 709-019, December 2008. (Revised January 2011.)
      • November 2008 (Revised March 2009)
      • Case

      South Pole Carbon Asset Management-Going for Gold?

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Jost Hamschmidt and Mikell Hyman
      In late 2008, Christoph Sutter, CEO of South Pole Carbon Asset Management, reflects on his firm's early success at originating carbon credits in developing nations and selling them to governments and firms that seek to offset their greenhouse gas emissions voluntarily... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Non-Renewable Energy; Entrepreneurship; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Strategy
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., Jost Hamschmidt, and Mikell Hyman. "South Pole Carbon Asset Management-Going for Gold?" Harvard Business School Case 709-030, November 2008. (Revised March 2009.)
      • September 2008 (Revised October 2009)
      • Background Note

      The Carbon Market

      By: Andre F. Perold, Forest L. Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman
      The carbon market has emerged in response to concerns about global climate change. This note characterizes the market in 2008, describing each segment and how it operates. View Details
      Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Market Transactions; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change
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      Perold, Andre F., Forest L. Reinhardt, and Mikell Hyman. "The Carbon Market." Harvard Business School Background Note 209-064, September 2008. (Revised October 2009.)
      • September 2008 (Revised August 2009)
      • Case

      Columbus Tubing: Steel is Real

      By: Daniel C. Snow, Gary P. Pisano, Elena Corsi and Gudrun Urfalino Kristinsdottir
      Columbus Tubing must choose to improve an old technology (steel) or to develop a new material (carbon fiber). The decision must take into account a complicated context: increased demand for the "old" steel products made in Italy, increasing power of carbon fiber... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Resource Allocation; Production; Research and Development; Information Technology; Bicycle Transportation; Asia; Italy
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      Snow, Daniel C., Gary P. Pisano, Elena Corsi, and Gudrun Urfalino Kristinsdottir. "Columbus Tubing: Steel is Real." Harvard Business School Case 609-042, September 2008. (Revised August 2009.)
      • June 2008 (Revised October 2008)
      • Case

      International Carbon Finance and EcoSecurities

      By: Andre F. Perold, Forest L. Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman
      In late 2007, EcoSecurities had to decide whether to undertake a new Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project in China. EcoSecurities was an aggregator of carbon credits and also invested directly in projects that produced carbon credits. Governments and firms... View Details
      Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Cost Management; Investment Return; Business and Government Relations; Risk and Uncertainty; Investment; Cash Flow; Valuation; Pollutants; Environmental Sustainability; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Perold, Andre F., Forest L. Reinhardt, and Mikell Hyman. "International Carbon Finance and EcoSecurities." Harvard Business School Case 208-151, June 2008. (Revised October 2008.)
      • October 2007 (Revised October 2009)
      • Case

      Global Climate Change and BP

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman
      Following the sudden resignation of Sir John Browne, Tony Hayward, BP CEO, must decide how global climate change management will figure into BP's corporate strategy. Climate change management was a major part of BP's strategy under Browne: In 1997 Browne broke from his... View Details
      Keywords: Change Management; Climate Change; Corporate Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Management Teams; Environmental Sustainability; Government and Politics; Energy Sources; Global Strategy; Operations; Utilities Industry; Energy Industry; United Kingdom
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., and Mikell Hyman. "Global Climate Change and BP." Harvard Business School Case 708-026, October 2007. (Revised October 2009.)
      • October 2007
      • Article

      Grist: A Strategic Approach to Climate

      By: Michael E. Porter and Forest Reinhardt
      Climate change will affect everything businesses do, as government efforts to mitigate carbon emissions cause their prices to rise steeply. This special edition of Forethought takes a hard-nosed look at the risks and opportunities of climate change. Michael E. Porter... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Value and Value Chain; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Leadership; Logistics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Performance Improvement; Climate Change; Competitive Advantage; Corporate Strategy
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      Porter, Michael E., and Forest Reinhardt. "Grist: A Strategic Approach to Climate." Forethought. Harvard Business Review 85, no. 10 (October 2007): 22–26.
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