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    • All HBS Web  (1,099)
      • Faculty Publications  (163)

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      • September 2001 (Revised October 2002)
      • Case

      Virgin Group, The: Filling in the Value Gap

      By: Frances X. Frei, Hanna Rodriguez-Farrar and Corey B. Hajim
      Chronicles the successes and failures of the Virgin Group. By examining these examples, students discover attributes of Virgin's overall service concept, which, at its core, competes on quality rather than on price. Students are challenged to consider how Virgin might... View Details
      Keywords: Quality; Competition; Price; Business Conglomerates; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Market Entry and Exit
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      Frei, Frances X., Hanna Rodriguez-Farrar, and Corey B. Hajim. "Virgin Group, The: Filling in the Value Gap." Harvard Business School Case 602-057, September 2001. (Revised October 2002.)
      • August 2001 (Revised October 2001)
      • Case

      Shinsei Bank (A)

      By: Michael Y. Yoshino and Perry Fagan
      In a deal marking the first acquisition of a domestic Japanese financial institution by foreigners, a consortium of Western investors purchased the assets of the Long Term Credit Bank (LTCB) of Japan in March 2000. The new management renames the bank Shinsei Bank,... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Assets; Banks and Banking; Investment; Business or Company Management; Managerial Roles; Organizational Structure; Failure; Adaptation; Banking Industry; Japan
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      Yoshino, Michael Y., and Perry Fagan. "Shinsei Bank (A)." Harvard Business School Case 302-036, August 2001. (Revised October 2001.)
      • July 2001
      • Case

      Regal Cinemas LBO (A)

      By: Malcolm S. Salter and Daniel Green
      This case describes one of the greatest LBO failures of the 1990s. It presents an overview of the difficulties two experienced buyout sponsors were forced to deal with. View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Corporate Governance; Failure
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      Salter, Malcolm S., and Daniel Green. "Regal Cinemas LBO (A)." Harvard Business School Case 902-019, July 2001.
      • July 2001
      • Case

      Regal Cinemas LBO (B)

      By: Malcolm S. Salter and Daniel Green
      Supplements the (A) case. View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Corporate Governance; Failure
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      Salter, Malcolm S., and Daniel Green. "Regal Cinemas LBO (B)." Harvard Business School Case 902-020, July 2001.
      • April 2000
      • Article

      The Fable of Fisher Body

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Daniel F. Spulber
      General Motors' (GM) acquisition of Fisher Body is the classic example of market failure in the literature on contracts and the theory of the firm. According to the standard account, GM merged vertically with Fisher Body in 1926, a maker of auto bodies, because of... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Failure; Contracts; Vertical Integration; Market Transactions; Investment; Trust; Production; Assets; Supply Chain; Opportunities; Technology; Auto Industry
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Daniel F. Spulber. "The Fable of Fisher Body." Journal of Law & Economics 43, no. 1 (April 2000): 67–104.
      • January 2000 (Revised March 2000)
      • Case

      Cachet Technologies

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Howard Reitz
      Describes the decision facing Danny Lewin, Jonathan Seelig, and Tom Leighton, the founders of Cachet Technologies, an MIT spin-out. The firm has done poorly in the annual MIT business plan competition and the founders have to decide whether to continue. View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Business Startups; Business Plan; Failure; Cooperative Ownership; Business Strategy; Financial Services Industry
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Howard Reitz. "Cachet Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 200-031, January 2000. (Revised March 2000.)
      • Article

      Fixing What Really Ails Japan

      By: Michael E. Porter and Hirotaka Takeuchi
      Conventional wisdom claims that Japan’s “economic miracle” stemmed from its unique model of government guidance and its revolutionary corporate management techniques. An in-depth study proves this seriously wrong. Rampant government intervention has caused more... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Competition; Innovation and Invention; Business and Government Relations; Japan
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      Porter, Michael E., and Hirotaka Takeuchi. "Fixing What Really Ails Japan." Foreign Affairs 78, no. 3 (May–June 1999): 66–81.
      • February 1999 (Revised June 1999)
      • Case

      Transformation of Pratt & Whitney North Haven (Abridged)

      By: H. Kent Bowen, Jeffrey L. Bradach, Linda A. Hill and Kristin Doughty
      Business unit manager Tom Hutton has empowered a group of hourly workers to purchase grit blast equipment for two cells. The capital purchase decision runs into some problems when the two cells fail to reach an agreement on which equipment to purchase. A rewritten... View Details
      Keywords: Business Units; Decision Making; Labor; Managerial Roles; Failure; Problems and Challenges; Power and Influence; Hardware
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      Bowen, H. Kent, Jeffrey L. Bradach, Linda A. Hill, and Kristin Doughty. "Transformation of Pratt & Whitney North Haven (Abridged) ." Harvard Business School Case 499-050, February 1999. (Revised June 1999.)
      • Article

      Market Failure and the Environmental Policies of Firms: Economic Rationales for 'Beyond Compliance' Behavior

      By: F. L. Reinhardt
      Keywords: Failure; Policy; Business Ventures; Behavior; Economics
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      Reinhardt, F. L. "Market Failure and the Environmental Policies of Firms: Economic Rationales for 'Beyond Compliance' Behavior." Journal of Industrial Ecology 3, no. 1 (January 1999): 9–21.
      • April 1998 (Revised May 2001)
      • Supplement

      Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation (B), The

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, Lori A. Flees and Mathew M Millett
      Eight days after CSX announced it was going to buy Consolidated Rail (Conrail) for $88.65 per share, Norfolk Southern made a hostile $100 per share bid for Conrail. Over the next several months, the potential acquirers upped their bids while exchanging criticism in the... View Details
      Keywords: Law; Valuation; Rail Transportation; Bids and Bidding; Governance Controls; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Strategy; Corporate Finance; Rail Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., Lori A. Flees, and Mathew M Millett. "Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation (B), The." Harvard Business School Supplement 298-095, April 1998. (Revised May 2001.)
      • January 1998 (Revised April 2001)
      • Case

      Acer America: Development of the Aspire

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett and Anthony St. George
      Follows the development, national launch, and global rollout of the Aspire, Acer's first new product developed outside of Taiwan. Implementing a very promising new PC concept proves challenging to Mike Culver and his U.S. team, who are plagued by coordination problems... View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Globalized Firms and Management; Organizational Design; Supply Chain; Problems and Challenges; Relationships; Business Subsidiaries; Product Launch; Computer Industry; United States; Taiwan
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      Bartlett, Christopher A., and Anthony St. George. "Acer America: Development of the Aspire." Harvard Business School Case 399-011, January 1998. (Revised April 2001.)
      • March 1996
      • Article

      Customer Power, Strategic Investment, and the Failure of Leading Firms

      By: J. L. Bower and C. M. Christensen
      Keywords: Customers; Strategy; Failure; Business Ventures
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      Bower, J. L., and C. M. Christensen. "Customer Power, Strategic Investment, and the Failure of Leading Firms." Strategic Management Journal 17, no. 3 (March 1996): 197–218.
      • November 1994
      • Background Note

      Why Bad Things Happen to Good Companies

      By: Benson P. Shapiro, Adrian J. Slywotsky and Richard S. Tedlow
      Describes the Darwinian internal and external processes that lead to poor performance from a previously well performing company. Demonstrates why any business design eventually fails and the role of organizational calcification and poor leadership in the failure. Also... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Design; Failure; Performance
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      Shapiro, Benson P., Adrian J. Slywotsky, and Richard S. Tedlow. "Why Bad Things Happen to Good Companies." Harvard Business School Background Note 595-045, November 1994.
      • April 1993 (Revised November 1994)
      • Case

      Chiron Corp.

      By: Steven C. Wheelwright
      Pablo Valenzuela, vice president of R&D at Chiron Corp., faces several choices for how to allocate scarce resources across several promising projects. These choices will determine Chiron's position in several emerging biotechnology and diagnostic markets, including... View Details
      Keywords: Health Testing and Trials; Research and Development; Failure; Business Strategy; Joint Ventures; Strategic Planning; Opportunities; Product Development; Biotechnology Industry; California
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      Wheelwright, Steven C. "Chiron Corp." Harvard Business School Case 693-052, April 1993. (Revised November 1994.)
      • April 1992 (Revised July 1993)
      • Case

      Conoco's: "Green" Oil Strategy (A)

      By: Malcolm S. Salter and Joseph L. Badaracco Jr.
      Conoco faces challenges in formulating a proactive environmental strategy for its proposed oil development in Ecuador's pristine tropical rain forest region. The case outlines the innovative process in which Conoco collaborated with a wide range of often conflicting... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Ethics; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Outcome or Result; Problems and Challenges; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Conflict Management; Ecuador
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      Salter, Malcolm S., and Joseph L. Badaracco Jr. Conoco's: "Green" Oil Strategy (A). Harvard Business School Case 392-133, April 1992. (Revised July 1993.)
      • October 1991 (Revised November 1993)
      • Case

      Dynashears, Inc.

      By: Thomas R. Piper
      A senior loan officer is reviewing the recent performance of a company that has failed to repay its loan as scheduled. The failure results from a cyclical downturn in sales, coupled with a lag in cutting back production. Inventory risk is minimal. Teaching objective:... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Business Cycles; Financial Condition; Risk and Uncertainty; Failure
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      Piper, Thomas R. "Dynashears, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 292-017, October 1991. (Revised November 1993.)
      • March 1990
      • Article

      Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and The Failure of Established Firms

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Kim B. Clark
      Keywords: Design; Innovation and Invention; Product; Information Technology; Failure; Business Ventures
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., and Kim B. Clark. "Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and The Failure of Established Firms." Administrative Science Quarterly 35, no. 1 (March 1990): 9–30. (Reprinted in The Management of Innovation, edited by John Storey, London: Elgar, 2004; Managing Strategic Innovation and Change, edited by M.Tushman and P. Anderson, Oxford University Press, 2004; and in Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, edited by Robert Burgelman, Clayton Christensen and Steven Wheelwright. Oxford University Press, 2004. Translated into Chinese for inclusion in an ASQ sponsored collection of "best papers" in 2005.)
      • December 1989
      • Supplement

      People Express Decline: Interview with Don Burr, Video

      By: Michael Beer
      Presents an interview with Don Burr, CEO, as he reviews his account of how and why People Express failed as a corporation and was ultimately sold to Continental Airlines. View Details
      Keywords: Management Teams; Failure; Business Exit or Shutdown; Air Transportation Industry
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      Beer, Michael. "People Express Decline: Interview with Don Burr, Video." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 890-508, December 1989.
      • February 1985 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Health Stop (A): What Type of Innovation Is It? And Six Factors Alignment

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Joyce Lallman, Nancy Kane, Jefferson C. Grahling and James Wallace
      How can we evaluate if innovative health care ventures can do good—benefit society—and do well—become financially viable? This question is the topic of the first module in the Innovating In Health Care course book. This note and case series enables readers to conduct... View Details
      Keywords: For-Profit Firms; Business Model; Entrepreneurship; Health Care and Treatment; Strategy; Valuation; Health Industry; Retail Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., Joyce Lallman, Nancy Kane, Jefferson C. Grahling, and James Wallace. "Health Stop (A): What Type of Innovation Is It? And Six Factors Alignment." Harvard Business School Case 185-084, February 1985. (Revised January 2024.)
      • September 1983 (Revised May 1999)
      • Case

      Allen Lane

      By: Howard H. Stevenson and Michael J. Roberts
      Describes Allen Lane's search for a business to buy. The case explores several failed attempts and the ethical, business, and tax issues that surround the acquisition business. Ends with a description of a new acquisition candidate, an independent valuation report of... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Ethics; Taxation; Failure; Valuation
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      Stevenson, Howard H., and Michael J. Roberts. "Allen Lane." Harvard Business School Case 384-077, September 1983. (Revised May 1999.)
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