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  • All HBS Web  (9,764)
    • People  (14)
    • News  (1,817)
    • Research  (6,668)
    • Events  (87)
    • Multimedia  (46)
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  • 17 Dec 2007
  • Research & Ideas

The Rise of Medical Tourism

founder and chairman of Apollo Hospitals, says he spent a lot of time studying specialists almost like an executive search firm would, to identify their pleasure points and pain points in terms of building a successful practice in View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace; Health; Medical Devices & Supplies
  • June 2009 (Revised July 2010)
  • Case

Goldman Sachs: The 10,000 Women Initiative

By: Christopher Marquis, V. Kasturi Rangan and Cathy Ross
Describes the conception, development, and implementation of Goldman Sachs' five-year, $100 million philanthropic initiative to provide practical business and management education to 10,000 women around the globe. The initiative recently celebrated its first... View Details
Keywords: Partners and Partnerships; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business Education; Gender; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Financial Services Industry; Education Industry
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Marquis, Christopher, V. Kasturi Rangan, and Cathy Ross. "Goldman Sachs: The 10,000 Women Initiative." Harvard Business School Case 509-042, June 2009. (Revised July 2010.)
  • 2010
  • Article

The Strategic Use of Brand Biographies

By: Jill Avery, Neeru Paharia, Anat Keinan and Juliet Schor
We introduce the concept of a brand biography to describe an emerging trend in branding in which firms author a dynamic, historical account of the events that have shaped the brand over time. Using a particular type of brand biography, "the underdog," we empirically... View Details
Keywords: Marketing; Brands; Brand Management; Brand Building; Brand Positioning; Competitive Positioning; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Managerial Roles; Strategy; Product Positioning; Consumer Behavior; Biography; Success; Perception; Markets; Power and Influence; Consumer Products Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Auto Industry; Fashion Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
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Avery, Jill, Neeru Paharia, Anat Keinan, and Juliet Schor. "The Strategic Use of Brand Biographies." Research in Consumer Behavior 12 (2010): 213–230.
  • 2024
  • Working Paper

Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups

By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
How does participating in open source software (OSS) communities spur entrepreneurial growth? To address this question, we analyze novel data matching accounts from GitHub—the largest OSS hosting platform—to the universe of global software venture-backed firms... View Details
Keywords: Applications and Software; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurship; Business Growth and Maturation; Human Capital; Valuation; Corporate Strategy
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Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-040, January 2024. (Revised August 2024.)
  • April 2019
  • Article

Private Equity and Financial Fragility during the Crisis

By: Shai Bernstein, Josh Lerner and Filippo Mezzanotti
Do private equity firms contribute to financial fragility during economic crises? We find that during the 2008 financial crisis, PE-backed companies increased investments relative to their peers, while also experiencing greater equity and debt inflows. The effects are... View Details
Keywords: Private Equity; Financial Crisis; Performance; Financial Condition
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Bernstein, Shai, Josh Lerner, and Filippo Mezzanotti. "Private Equity and Financial Fragility during the Crisis." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 4 (April 2019): 1309–1373. (Earlier version distributed as National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 23626 and Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 18-005.)
  • 29 Oct 2009
  • Working Paper Summaries

Estimating the Effects of Large Shareholders Using a Geographic Instrument

Keywords: by Bo Becker, Henrik Cronqvist & Rüdiger Fahlenbrach
  • June 2011 (Revised June 2025)
  • Case

Vehbi Koç and the Making of Turkey's Largest Business Group

By: Asli M. Colpan and Geoffrey Jones
The case describes the creation of Turkey's largest business group by Vehbi Koç. The foundation of this group in the interwar years, and its subsequent diversification into many industries, including automobiles, household goods, and services, is analysed. The case... View Details
Keywords: Emerging Markets; Entrepreneurship; Globalization; Organizational Structure; Diversification; Manufacturing Industry; Turkey
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Colpan, Asli M., and Geoffrey Jones. "Vehbi Koç and the Making of Turkey's Largest Business Group." Harvard Business School Case 811-081, June 2011. (Revised June 2025.)
  • Teaching Interest

Overview

By: Dante Roscini
Over the past decade, I have taught the course Business, Government and the International Economy, part of the required curriculum in the MBA program and the course Managing International Trade and Investment, part of the elective curriculum for second-year MBAs. View Details
Keywords: Trade; Investment; Foreign Direct Investment; Portfolio Investment; Risk Assessment; Political Economy; Globalized Firms And Management
  • January 2009
  • Article

Spatial Diversity in Invention: Evidence from the Early R&D Labs

By: Tom Nicholas
This article uses historical data on inventor and firm R&D lab locations to examine the technological and geographic structure of corporate knowledge capital accumulation during a formative period in the organization of US innovation. Despite the localization of... View Details
Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Geographic Location; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Knowledge Acquisition; Research and Development; United States
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Nicholas, Tom. "Spatial Diversity in Invention: Evidence from the Early R&D Labs." Journal of Economic Geography 9, no. 1 (January 2009).
  • 2013
  • Working Paper

Historical Origins of Environmental Sustainability in the German Chemical Industry, 1950s-1980s

By: Geoffrey Jones and Christina Lubinski
This working paper examines the growth of corporate environmentalism in the West German chemical industry between the 1950s and the 1980s. German business has been regarded as pioneering corporate environmentalism after World War II. In contrast, this study reveals... View Details
Keywords: Sustainability; Green Business; Pollution; Environmental Sustainability; Business History; Chemical Industry; Germany; United States
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Jones, Geoffrey, and Christina Lubinski. "Historical Origins of Environmental Sustainability in the German Chemical Industry, 1950s-1980s." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-018, August 2013.
  • November 1994
  • Background Note

Social Enterprise: Private Initiatives for the Common Good

Presents a model for understanding how private social-purpose ventures (nonprofit and for-profit) differ from traditional business firms in both their objectives and methods of operation. Identifies six dimensions that are useful for understanding the differences. Also... View Details
Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship
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Dees, J. Gregory. "Social Enterprise: Private Initiatives for the Common Good." Harvard Business School Background Note 395-116, November 1994.
  • April 18, 2023
  • Article

The Rebirth of Software as a Service

By: Frank V. Cespedes and Jacco van der Kooij
Traditional sales models focus on customer acquisition and the “funnel” or “pipeline” metrics that dominate talk about sales. But this approach falls short when applied to a recurring revenue business, where the customer life cycle looks more like a bowtie, not a... View Details
Keywords: Customers; Sales; Technology Industry
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Cespedes, Frank V., and Jacco van der Kooij. "The Rebirth of Software as a Service." Harvard Business Review (website) (April 18, 2023).
  • January 1990 (Revised September 1994)
  • Case

Cray Research, Inc.: Preparing for the 1990s

By: Francis Aguilar
Describes the major changes Cray Research faced from 1985 (the time of the original case) to 1990. The dramatic decision to divide the company into two separate firms sets the stage for an analysis of the major strategic and organizational challenges facing senior... View Details
Keywords: Policy; Management Systems; Change Management; Technology Adoption; Business Units; Organizational Structure; Business Strategy; Management Teams; Growth and Development Strategy; Information Technology
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Aguilar, Francis. "Cray Research, Inc.: Preparing for the 1990s." Harvard Business School Case 390-066, January 1990. (Revised September 1994.)
  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Time and the Value of Data

By: Ehsan Valavi, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani and Marco Iansiti

Managers often believe that collecting more data will continually improve the accuracy of their machine learning models. However, we argue in this paper that when data lose relevance over time, it may be optimal to collect a limited amount of recent data instead of... View Details

Keywords: Economics Of AI; Machine Learning; Non-stationarity; Perishability; Value Depreciation; Analytics and Data Science; Value
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Valavi, Ehsan, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani, and Marco Iansiti. "Time and the Value of Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-016, August 2020. (Revised November 2021.)
  • February 2011 (Revised September 2016)
  • Case

Investcorp and the Moneybookers Bid

By: Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Nori Gerardo Lietz
In January 2007, Hazem Ben-Gacem, managing director and co-head of Investcorp Technology Partners (ITP), needs to decide what to bid at an auction for Moneybookers Limited, one of the top three e-payment solution providers in Europe. However, approximately 70% of... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Private Equity; Investment; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Valuation; Europe; United States
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Rhodes-Kropf, Matthew, Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Nori Gerardo Lietz. "Investcorp and the Moneybookers Bid." Harvard Business School Case 811-013, February 2011. (Revised September 2016.)
  • Article

Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?

By: Ramana Nanda and Tom Nicholas
We find a negative relationship between bank distress and the level, quality, and trajectory of firm-level innovation during the Great Depression, particularly for R&D firms operating in capital intensive industries. However, we also show that because a sufficient... View Details
Keywords: Great Depression; R&D; Bank Distress; Patents; Research and Development; Financial Crisis; Banks and Banking; Innovation and Invention; Banking Industry; United States
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Nanda, Ramana, and Tom Nicholas. "Did Bank Distress Stifle Innovation During the Great Depression?" Journal of Financial Economics 114, no. 2 (November 2014): 273–292.
  • 20 Mar 2000
  • Research & Ideas

Incubators: The New Venture Capitalists?

get a startup successfully off the ground in the electronic economy. Venture Capital as a Commodity "We definitely see a major shift occurring in the venture capital... View Details
Keywords: by Kenneth Liss
  • 2007
  • Working Paper

Evidence from Goodwill Non-impairments on the Effects of Unverifiable Fair-Value Accounting

By: Karthik Ramanna and Ross L. Watts
SFAS 142 requires firms to use unverifiable fair-value estimates to determine goodwill impairments. Standard setters suggest managers will use the discretion given by such estimates to convey private information on future cash flows, while agency theory predicts... View Details
Keywords: Fair Value Accounting; Goodwill Accounting; Standards; Agency Theory
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Ramanna, Karthik, and Ross L. Watts. "Evidence from Goodwill Non-impairments on the Effects of Unverifiable Fair-Value Accounting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-014, August 2007.
  • 31 Mar 2002
  • What Do You Think?

Is This the Decade of the Investor?

to assess the fairness of the division of returns. And before making assumptions about the future, "we still need to get a firm handle on... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
  • January 1997 (Revised May 1997)
  • Background Note

Country Analysis: A Framework to Identify and Evaluate the National Business Environment

A manager's ability to build profitable firms depends upon the business environment within which firms interact. This note presents a framework to help understand, anticipate, and perhaps foster changes in the business environment. Describes building a picture of the... View Details
Keywords: Country; Analysis; Macroeconomics
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Dyck, Alexander. "Country Analysis: A Framework to Identify and Evaluate the National Business Environment." Harvard Business School Background Note 797-092, January 1997. (Revised May 1997.)
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