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Show Results For

  • All HBS Web  (265)
    • News  (47)
    • Research  (168)
    • Events  (1)
    • Multimedia  (1)
  • Faculty Publications  (129)
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  • August 2015 (Revised January 2017)
  • Technical Note

From Correlation to Causation

By: Feng Zhu and Karim R. Lakhani
To make sound business decisions, managers must be comfortable with the concepts of correlation and causation. This background note provides an overview of correlation and causation using examples and explains why the former does not imply the latter. It also describes... View Details
Keywords: Statistics; Regression; Data Analytics; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Judgments
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Zhu, Feng, and Karim R. Lakhani. "From Correlation to Causation." Harvard Business School Technical Note 616-009, August 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
  • 2023
  • Article

Association Between Regulatory Submission Characteristics and Recalls of Medical Devices Receiving 510(k) Clearance

By: Alexander O. Everhart, Soumya Sen, Ariel D. Stern, Yi Zhu and Pinar Karaca-Mandic
Importance: Most regulated medical devices enter the U.S. market via the 510(k) regulatory submission pathway, wherein manufacturers demonstrate that applicant devices are “substantially equivalent” to 1 or more “predicate” devices (legally marketed medical devices... View Details
Keywords: Recalls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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Everhart, Alexander O., Soumya Sen, Ariel D. Stern, Yi Zhu, and Pinar Karaca-Mandic. "Association Between Regulatory Submission Characteristics and Recalls of Medical Devices Receiving 510(k) Clearance." JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association 329, no. 2 (2023): 144–156.
  • 27 Jul 2010
  • First Look

First Look: July 27

Feng Zhu Abstract We provide the first formal model of business model innovation in a game-theoretic framework. Our analysis focuses on sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • March 2020
  • Module Note

Scaling and Sustaining Platform Businesses

By: Feng Zhu
Keywords: Platform Businesses; Platform Disruption; Platforms; Digital Platforms; Technology Industry
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Zhu, Feng. "Scaling and Sustaining Platform Businesses." Harvard Business School Module Note 620-108, March 2020.
  • January 2020
  • Teaching Note

Apple Pay and Mobile Payments in Australia (A) and (B)

By: Feng Zhu
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Zhu, Feng. "Apple Pay and Mobile Payments in Australia (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 620-098, January 2020.
  • 2017
  • Working Paper

Threat of Platform-Owner Entry and Complementor Responses: Evidence from the Mobile App Market

By: Feng Zhu
We examine how app developers on the Android mobile platform adjust their innovation efforts (rate and direction) and value-capture strategies in response to Google’s entry threat and actual entry into their markets. We find that, after Google’s entry threat increases,... View Details
Keywords: Platform-owner Entry; Entry Threat; Innovation; Complementors; Mobile App Industry; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Innovation Strategy; Market Entry and Exit
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Wen, Wen, and Feng Zhu. "Threat of Platform-Owner Entry and Complementor Responses: Evidence from the Mobile App Market." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-036, October 2017.
  • October 2023
  • Article

Laboratory Safety and Research Productivity

By: Alberto Galasso, Hong Luo and Brooklynn Zhu
Are laboratory safety practices a tax on scientific productivity? We examine this question by exploiting the substantial increase in safety regulations at the University of California following the shocking accidental death of a research assistant in 2008.... View Details
Keywords: Economics Of Science; Risk Perception; Safety Regulations; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Working Conditions; Safety; Performance Productivity
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Galasso, Alberto, Hong Luo, and Brooklynn Zhu. "Laboratory Safety and Research Productivity." Art. 104827. Research Policy 52, no. 8 (October 2023).
  • August 2024 (Revised March 2025)
  • Case

DBS' AI Journey

By: Feng Zhu, Harold Zhu and Adina Wong
Headquartered in Singapore, DBS Bank, one of Asia's leading financial services groups, embarked on a multi-year digital transformation under CEO Piyush Gupta in 2014. It was then that DBS also began experimenting with AI to drive value for the business and customers.... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Governance; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Transformation; Risk Management; Value Creation; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Asia; Singapore
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Zhu, Feng, Harold Zhu, and Adina Wong. "DBS' AI Journey." Harvard Business School Case 625-053, August 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
  • May 2021
  • Article

Ideology and Composition Among an Online Crowd: Evidence From Wikipedians

By: Shane Greenstein, Grace Gu and Feng Zhu
Online communities bring together participants from diverse backgrounds and often face challenges in aggregating their opinions. We infer lessons from the experience of individual contributors to Wikipedia articles about U.S. politics. We identify two factors that... View Details
Keywords: User Segregation; Online Community; Contested Knowledge; Collective Intelligence; Ideology; Bias; Wikipedia; Knowledge Sharing; Perspective; Government and Politics
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Greenstein, Shane, Grace Gu, and Feng Zhu. "Ideology and Composition Among an Online Crowd: Evidence From Wikipedians." Management Science 67, no. 5 (May 2021): 3067–3086.
  • January 2020 (Revised February 2020)
  • Teaching Note

edaixi (eWash): Digital Transformation of Laundry Services (A) and (B)

By: Feng Zhu
Teaching Note for HBS Nos. 617-034 and 617-038. View Details
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Zhu, Feng. "edaixi (eWash): Digital Transformation of Laundry Services (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 620-087, January 2020. (Revised February 2020.)
  • June 21, 2019
  • Article

When Tech Companies Compete on Their Own Platforms

By: Feng Zhu
One common complaint from third parties about platform businesses is that they see what succeeds on their platforms and then enter the most profitable areas themselves, often decimating third parties in the process. Studies have identified several motivations for... View Details
Keywords: Platform-based Markets; Platform-owner Entry; Digital Platforms; Market Entry and Exit; Competition
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Zhu, Feng. "When Tech Companies Compete on Their Own Platforms." Harvard Business Review (website) (June 21, 2019).
  • 23 Mar 2010
  • First Look

First Look: March 23

(1990) and Petersen-Rajan (1995) models of information acquisition in credit markets. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/10-077.pdf Strategies to Fight Ad-sponsored Rivals Authors: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Time Dependency, Data Flow, and Competitive Advantage

By: Ehsan Valavi, Joel Hestness, Marco Iansiti, Newsha Ardalani, Feng Zhu and Karim R. Lakhani
Data is fundamental to machine learning-based products and services and is considered strategic due to its externalities for businesses, governments, non-profits, and more generally for society. It is renowned that the value of organizations (businesses, government... View Details
Keywords: Economics Of AI; Value Of Data; Perishability; Time Dependency; Flow Of Data; Data Strategy; Analytics and Data Science; Value; Strategy; Competitive Advantage
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Valavi, Ehsan, Joel Hestness, Marco Iansiti, Newsha Ardalani, Feng Zhu, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Time Dependency, Data Flow, and Competitive Advantage." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-099, March 2021.
  • May 2019 (Revised August 2019)
  • Teaching Note

X Fire Paintball & Airsoft: Is Amazon a Friend or Foe? (A) and (B)

By: Feng Zhu
Teaching Note for HBS Nos. 617-046 and 617-047. View Details
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Zhu, Feng. "X Fire Paintball & Airsoft: Is Amazon a Friend or Foe? (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 619-072, May 2019. (Revised August 2019.)
  • Article

Friends or Foes? Examining Platform Owners' Entry into Complementors' Spaces

By: Feng Zhu
As platform owners continue to expand their ecosystems, many of them have started to provide consumers with their own complementary applications. These moves position the platform owners as direct competitors to their complementors. This paper surveys empirical studies... View Details
Keywords: Platform; Complementors; Digital Platforms; Market Entry and Exit; Competition
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Zhu, Feng. "Friends or Foes? Examining Platform Owners' Entry into Complementors' Spaces." Special Issue on Platforms. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 28, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 23–28.
  • March 2020 (Revised March 2016)
  • Teaching Note

SF Express: From Delivery to E-Commerce

By: Feng Zhu
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Zhu, Feng. "SF Express: From Delivery to E-Commerce." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 616-018, March 2020. (Revised March 2016.)
  • November 2021
  • Supplement

Ant Group (B)

By: Krishna G. Palepu, Feng Zhu and Susie L. Ma
Keywords: Information Technology; Value Creation; Network Effects; Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; China
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Palepu, Krishna G., Feng Zhu, and Susie L. Ma. "Ant Group (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 122-040, November 2021.
  • Forthcoming
  • Article

Antitrust Platform Regulation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China

By: Ke Rong, D. Daniel Sokol, Di Zhou and Feng Zhu
Many jurisdictions have launched antitrust enforcement and brought in regulation of large tech platforms. The swift and strict implementation of China’s Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Platform Economy (Platform Guidelines) provides a quasi-natural experiment... View Details
Keywords: Platform; Antitrust; Regulation; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competition; Market Entry and Exit; Supply and Industry; China
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Rong, Ke, D. Daniel Sokol, Di Zhou, and Feng Zhu. "Antitrust Platform Regulation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China." Management Science (forthcoming).
  • 2024
  • Working Paper

Fiscal Policy under Convex Supply Curves

By: Shlok Goyal, Avi Lipton and Borui Niklas Zhu
Recent empirical evidence suggests that supply curves are convex. Supply curve convexity is at odds with conventional Phillips curves, which rely on an infinitely elastic underlying supply curve. This paper explores the effect of supply curve convexity on the... View Details
Keywords: Fiscal Stimulus; Fiscal Policy; Inflation; Inflation and Deflation; Macroeconomics; Policy; Mathematical Methods; United States
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Goyal, Shlok, Avi Lipton, and Borui Niklas Zhu. "Fiscal Policy under Convex Supply Curves." Working Paper, August 2024.
  • November 7, 2016
  • Article

How Wikipedia Keeps Political Discourse from Turning Ugly

By: Shane Greenstein and Feng Zhu
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Greenstein, Shane, and Feng Zhu. "How Wikipedia Keeps Political Discourse from Turning Ugly." Harvard Business Review (website) (November 7, 2016).
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