• July–August 2021
• Article

Why You Aren't Getting More from Your Marketing AI

By: Eva Ascarza, Michael Ross and Bruce G.S. Hardie

Fewer than 40% of companies that invest in AI see gains from it, usually because of one or more of these errors: (1) They don’t ask the right question, and end up directing AI to solve the wrong problem. (2) They don’t recognize the differences between the value of... View Details

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Marketing; Decision Making; Communication; Framework; AI and Machine Learning

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Ascarza, Eva, Michael Ross, and Bruce G.S. Hardie. "Why You Aren't Getting More from Your Marketing AI." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 4 (July–August 2021): 48–54.

• May 2021
• Simulation

Customer Compatibility Exercise Application

By: Ryan W. Buell

Customers impose considerable variability on the operating systems of service organizations. They show up when they wish (arrival variability), they ask for different things (request variability), they vary in their willingness and ability to help themselves (effort... View Details

Keywords: Customer Compatibility; Customer Relationship Management; Strategy; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Performance Efficiency; Analysis; Consumer Behavior; Analytics and Data Science

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Buell, Ryan W. "Customer Compatibility Exercise Application." Harvard Business School Simulation 620-707, May 2021.

• May 2021
• Teaching Plan

Middlebury College: Energy2028

By: Brian Trelstad and Michael Norris

Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 320-029. In 2018, Middlebury College’s board of trustees is considering a proposal called Energy2028 that would push the small, liberal arts and sciences college in Vermont to become a net zero carbon emitter, decrease energy usage by... View Details

Keywords: Divestment; Energy; Higher Education; Energy Conservation; Climate Change

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Trelstad, Brian, and Michael Norris. "Middlebury College: Energy2028." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 321-144, May 2021.

• May 2021
• Case

Roku 2021

By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher

This case is used to explore the strategic concept of "look forward, reason back." Roku in 2021 is trying to figure out the future of television and streaming media. Students are asked to provide a vision for television and streaming media (that is, Look Forward) by... View Details

Keywords: Television Entertainment; Forecasting and Prediction; Decision Choices and Conditions; Strategy; Strategic Planning; Media and Broadcasting Industry

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Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Roku 2021." Harvard Business School Case 721-480, May 2021.

• May–June 2021
• Article

Eliminate Strategic Overload

By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee

As companies respond to intensifying competitive pressures and challenges, they ask more and more of their employees. But organizations often have very little to show for the efforts of their talented and engaged workers. By selecting fewer initiatives with greater... View Details

Keywords: Strategic Initiatives; Value-based Strategy; Organizational Effectiveness; Strategy; Value Creation

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Oberholzer-Gee, Felix. "Eliminate Strategic Overload." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 3 (May–June 2021): 88–97.

• Article

Large-Scale Field Experiment Shows Null Effects of Team Demographic Diversity on Outsiders' Willingness to Support the Team

By: Edward H. Chang, Erika L. Kirgios and Rosanna K. Smith

Demographic diversity in the United States is rising, and increasingly, work is conducted in teams. These co-occurring phenomena suggest that it might be increasingly common for work to be conducted by demographically diverse teams. But to date, in spite of copious... View Details

Keywords: Field Experiment; Groups and Teams; Demographics; Diversity; Attitudes

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Chang, Edward H., Erika L. Kirgios, and Rosanna K. Smith. "Large-Scale Field Experiment Shows Null Effects of Team Demographic Diversity on Outsiders' Willingness to Support the Team." Art. 104099. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 94 (May 2021).

• April 2021
• Exercise

Valuing Employment Exercise

By: George Serafeim, Ethan Rouen and Katie Panella

The Valuing Employment exercise can be used to show the importance of impact measurement in designing incentives and contracts. The exercise has two phases. In the first phase, participants play the role of managers at the State of Massachusetts Infrastructure... View Details

Keywords: Bid Evaluation; Workforce; Impact Measurement; Bids and Bidding; Contracts; Design; Measurement and Metrics

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Serafeim, George, Ethan Rouen, and Katie Panella. "Valuing Employment Exercise." Harvard Business School Exercise 121-086, April 2021.

• April 2021
• Case

Glass-Shattering Leaders: Ros Atkins

By: Boris Groysberg and Colleen Ammerman

Ros Atkins launched the 50:50 Project on a BBC news program he anchored, deciding with his team to start tracking the gender of the contributors and experts featured on the show. Before long, it was clear that monitoring the data led to increased awareness of a gender... View Details

Keywords: Gender Equality; Allyship; Representation; Leadership; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Media; Analytics and Data Science

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Groysberg, Boris, and Colleen Ammerman. "Glass-Shattering Leaders: Ros Atkins." Harvard Business School Case 421-075, April 2021.

• April 2021 (Revised March 2024)
• Case

Social Media War 2021: Snap vs. Facebook vs. TikTok

By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher

This case explores the competitive war between Snap, Facebook, and TikTok in 2021. The strategic focus is on Snapchat: how should it respond to the emergence of TikTok, and how should it compete with the dominant competitor in its space—Facebook. The case examines... View Details

Keywords: Strategy Development; Competitor Analysis; Strategy; Network Effects; Competitive Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Social Media

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Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Social Media War 2021: Snap vs. Facebook vs. TikTok." Harvard Business School Case 721-443, April 2021. (Revised March 2024.)

• April 2021 (Revised April 2022)
• Case

OneTen: One Million Opportunities in Ten Years

By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Courtney Han

In the wake of George Floyd's killing in May 2020, and widespread protests for social justice in the United States, OneTen was formed by a coalition of 40 large companies to provide one million jobs for African-Americans in 10 years. The case describes the background... View Details

Keywords: Labor Market; COVID-19 Pandemic; Diversity; Race; Jobs and Positions; Opportunities; Social Issues; Employment; Equality and Inequality; Equity; United States

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Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Courtney Han. "OneTen: One Million Opportunities in Ten Years." Harvard Business School Case 521-093, April 2021. (Revised April 2022.)

• March 2021
• Supplement

CashDrop (B1)

By: Rembrand Koning, Paul A. Gompers and Sarah Gulick

After the events in CashDrop A, Flores-Martinez received two concrete offers from VC funds for his startup business, CashDrop. This case describes the tensions between the two funds: a traditional VC fund who would offer Flores-Martinez a prestigious platform, and a... View Details

Keywords: Small Business; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Internet and the Web; Decision Choices and Conditions; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Chicago; Illinois

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Koning, Rembrand, Paul A. Gompers, and Sarah Gulick. "CashDrop (B1)." Harvard Business School Supplement 221-052, March 2021.

• March 2021
• Supplement

CashDrop (B2)

By: Rembrand Koning, Paul A. Gompers and Sarah Gulick

After the events in CashDrop A, Jarrid Tingle and Henri Pierre-Jacques, the founders of Harlem Capital partners, worried that Ruben Flores-Martinez, CashDrop’s founder, would take another offer while he waited for them to officially make an offer. HCP traditionally... View Details

Keywords: Small Business; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Online Technology; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; New York (city, NY)

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Koning, Rembrand, Paul A. Gompers, and Sarah Gulick. "CashDrop (B2)." Harvard Business School Supplement 221-053, March 2021.

• March 2021 (Revised May 2021)
• Case

ALDDN: Advancing Local Dairy Development in Nigeria

By: Meg Rithmire and Debora L. Spar

In 2020, Ndidi Nwuneli, founder and CEO of Sahel Consulting in Nigeria, faced a thorny set of problems. Her firm partnered with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in a large project to develop the local dairy industry as a way to facilitate equitable growth and... View Details

Keywords: Animal-Based Agribusiness; Food; Rural Scope; Growth and Development; Nonprofit Organizations; Globalized Markets and Industries; Business and Government Relations; Equality and Inequality; Food and Beverage Industry; Consulting Industry; Nigeria

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Rithmire, Meg, and Debora L. Spar. "ALDDN: Advancing Local Dairy Development in Nigeria." Harvard Business School Case 721-026, March 2021. (Revised May 2021.)

• March 2021 (Revised September 2021)
• Case

Applied: Using Behavioral Science to Debias Hiring

By: Ashley Whillans and Jeff Polzer

The UK government’s Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) needed to hire a new associate and were trying to increase the diversity of their job candidates. This decision was based on academic research showing that recruiters and managers often fell into common traps like... View Details

Keywords: Hiring; Bias; Behavioral Science; Selection and Staffing; Diversity; Prejudice and Bias; Information Technology; Recruitment

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Whillans, Ashley, and Jeff Polzer. "Applied: Using Behavioral Science to Debias Hiring." Harvard Business School Case 921-046, March 2021. (Revised September 2021.) (https://www.beapplied.com/.)

• March 2021
• Supplement

Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)

By: Meg Rithmire and Gamze Yucaoglu

The case opens in November 2020 as Eyad Alkassar and Mahmoud Fouz, co-founders of Iran’s first and leading ride-hailing platform, Snapp, eagerly await the results of the U.S. presidential elections.
The case takes us through the challenging times between... View Details

Keywords: Sanctions; Change Management; Disruption; Volatility; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; International Relations; National Security; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Health Pandemics; Transportation Industry; Middle East; Iran

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Rithmire, Meg, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Snapp: Scaling Under Sanctions in Iran (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-036, March 2021.

• Mar 2021
• Conference Presentation

Descent-to-Delete: Gradient-Based Methods for Machine Unlearning

By: Seth Neel, Aaron Leon Roth and Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi

We study the data deletion problem for convex models. By leveraging techniques from convex optimization and reservoir sampling, we give the first data deletion algorithms that are able to handle an arbitrarily long sequence of adversarial updates while promising both... View Details

Keywords: Machine Learning; Unlearning Algorithm; Mathematical Methods

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Neel, Seth, Aaron Leon Roth, and Saeed Sharifi-Malvajerdi. "Descent-to-Delete: Gradient-Based Methods for Machine Unlearning." Paper presented at the 32nd Algorithmic Learning Theory Conference, March 2021.

• February 2021
• Case

Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (A)

By: Henry McGee, Nien-hê Hsieh, Sarah McAra and Christian Godwin

In 2015, Apple CEO Tim Cook debuted the iPhone 6S with enhanced security measures that enflamed a debate on privacy and public safety around the world. The iPhone 6S, amid a heightened concern for privacy following the 2013 revelation of clandestine U.S. surveillance... View Details

Keywords: Iphone; Encryption; Data Privacy; Customers; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Globalized Firms and Management; Government and Politics; National Security; Law; Law Enforcement; Leadership; Markets; Safety; Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Civil Society or Community; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Technology Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Electronics Industry; United States; China; Hong Kong

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McGee, Henry, Nien-hê Hsieh, Sarah McAra, and Christian Godwin. "Apple: Privacy vs. Safety (A)." Harvard Business School Case 321-004, February 2021.

• February 2021
• Case

Board Director Dilemmas—New Year, New Timing

By: Suraj Srinivasan, David G. Fubini and Amram Migdal

This case focuses on a junior partner at a private equity (PE) firm who sits on the board of one of the firm’s portfolio companies. In the case, the board member asks the CEO to accelerate a cost-cutting initiative and looks to a seasoned industry veteran who is also a... View Details

Keywords: Board Directors; Governing and Advisory Boards; Strategy; Decision Making

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Srinivasan, Suraj, David G. Fubini, and Amram Migdal. "Board Director Dilemmas—New Year, New Timing." Harvard Business School Case 121-043, February 2021.