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- April 1993 (Revised May 1994)
- Case
Genzyme Corporation: Strategic Challenges with Ceredase
Genzyme Corp., one of the largest biotechnology companies, has succeeded in developing, manufacturing, and commercializing its first therapeutic, a treatment for a rare genetic disease. Analysis of the case requires students to identify and understand how Genzyme has... View Details
Keywords: Risk Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Corporate Strategy; Technology; Health; Product Development; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
Teisberg, Elizabeth O., and Sharon L. Rossi. "Genzyme Corporation: Strategic Challenges with Ceredase." Harvard Business School Case 793-120, April 1993. (Revised May 1994.)
- 21 May 2020
- Research & Ideas
Fighting the COVID Blues: Advice from Business Research
now. In a matter of weeks, as the coronavirus rapidly began taking an increasing number of lives and livelihoods, people suddenly felt as if their future became murkier. When uncertainty and disappointment morph into fear, people often... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman and Danielle Kost
- 27 Jul 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
The Evolution of CEO Compensation in Venture Capital-Backed Startups
- April 2015
- Article
Anxious and Egocentric: How Specific Emotions Influence Perspective Taking
By: Andrew R. Todd, Matthias Forstmann, Pascal Burgmer, Alison Wood Brooks and Adam D. Galinsky
People frequently feel anxious. Although prior research has extensively studied how feeling anxious shapes intrapsychic aspects of cognition, much less is known about how anxiety affects interpersonal aspects of cognition. Here, we examine the influence of incidental... View Details
Keywords: Anxiety; Egocentrism; Emotion; Perspective Taking; Risk and Uncertainty; Perspective; Emotions
Todd, Andrew R., Matthias Forstmann, Pascal Burgmer, Alison Wood Brooks, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Anxious and Egocentric: How Specific Emotions Influence Perspective Taking." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 144, no. 2 (April 2015): 374–391.
- 19 Jul 2016
- Working Paper Summaries
Towards a Prescriptive Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategic Choice, Learning, and Competition
Keywords: by Gary P. Pisano
- 17 Sep 2024
- Research & Ideas
Advice for the New CEO: Talk to Your Employees Early and Often
million emails and 80 million meeting invitations. Shortly after a new CEO takes over, uncertainty among employees dampens communication within a company. However, after about five months, internal chatter sharply intensifies as managers... View Details
Keywords: by Ami Albernaz
- April 2022
- Article
AI Insurance: How Liability Insurance Can Drive the Responsible Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
By: Ariel Dora Stern, Avi Goldfarb, Timo Minssen and W. Nicholson Price II
Despite enthusiasm about the potential to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to medicine and health care delivery, adoption remains tepid, even for the most compelling technologies. In this article, the authors focus on one set of challenges to AI adoption: those... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Medicine; Health Care and Treatment; Legal Liability; Insurance; Technology Adoption; AI and Machine Learning
Stern, Ariel Dora, Avi Goldfarb, Timo Minssen, and W. Nicholson Price II. "AI Insurance: How Liability Insurance Can Drive the Responsible Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 3, no. 4 (April 2022).
- March 2006
- Module Note
Managing Innovation in an Uncertain World
Describes the second module of the 30-session Harvard Business School elective course Managing Innovation in an Uncertain World. The course helps students understand the challenges that uncertainty implies for innovation and how to overcome these challenges. The course... View Details
- 28 Oct 2015
- Research & Ideas
A Dedication to Creation: India's Ad Man Ranjan Kapur
businesses amid the opportunities and uncertainties of developing markets throughout recent decades. Working Knowledge Editor-in-Chief Sean Silverthorne asked Gupta about his experience interviewing Kapur. Sean Silverthorne: Kapur comes... View Details
- March 2006
- Background Note
Managing Innovation in an Uncertain World: Course Overview Note
The Harvard Business School Managing Innovation in an Uncertain World course helps students understand the challenges that uncertainty implies for innovation and how to overcome them. The course emphasizes multiple levels of analysis--from creating and executing... View Details
Keywords: Curriculum and Courses; Innovation and Management; Projects; Opportunities; Perspective; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Risk and Uncertainty; Problems and Challenges; Managerial Roles
MacCormack, Alan D. "Managing Innovation in an Uncertain World: Course Overview Note." Harvard Business School Background Note 606-105, March 2006.
- August 1970
- Case
Hawthorne Plastics
An "imperfect tester" problem involving the decision of how to produce batches of plastic strapping, given uncertainty about the length of the molecular chain in the raw material. A decision on whether to test the raw material and a choice of production process must be... View Details
Hammond, John S. "Hawthorne Plastics." Harvard Business School Case 171-004, August 1970.
- November 2003 (Revised March 2004)
- Case
Drilling South: Petrobras Evaluates Pecom
By: Mihir A. Desai and Ricardo Reisen de Pinho
The Brazilian oil company, Petrobras, is evaluating the acquisition of an Argentine oil company, the Perez Companc Group (Pecom). The acquisition would increase Petrobras' oil reserves and expand its interests outside Brazil, a significant step for the largest company... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Forecasting and Prediction; Financial Crisis; Non-Renewable Energy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Corporate Governance; Risk Management; Emerging Markets; State Ownership; Performance Evaluation; Risk and Uncertainty; Valuation; Energy Industry; Argentina; Brazil
Desai, Mihir A., and Ricardo Reisen de Pinho. "Drilling South: Petrobras Evaluates Pecom." Harvard Business School Case 204-043, November 2003. (Revised March 2004.)
- August 2021 (Revised May 2022)
- Background Note
Oil: History, Present and Future
By: Jurgen Weiss
This background note is intended to provide context for a discussion of the strategies for big integrated oil companies in light of both oil’s current role in the global energy system and the uncertainty about changes going forward. View Details
Keywords: Oil; Energy Markets; Oil Prices; Oil Companies; Decarbonization; Non-Renewable Energy; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Globalized Markets and Industries
Weiss, Jurgen. "Oil: History, Present and Future." Harvard Business School Background Note 722-011, August 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
- February 2003 (Revised October 2004)
- Background Note
Antamini Simulation Model
By: Peter Tufano
Antamini is a simulation of the value of an investment project whose outcome is uncertain. This case describes the situation facing a natural resource firm as it contemplates bidding on a copper mine in Peru. The bidder faces uncertainties about the ore deposit size... View Details
Tufano, Peter. "Antamini Simulation Model." Harvard Business School Background Note 203-083, February 2003. (Revised October 2004.)
- November 2011 (Revised December 2013)
- Case
The Long and Short of Apollo Group and the University of Phoenix (A)
By: Luis M. Viceira, Joel Heilprin, Andrew S. Holmes and Damian M. Zajac
A hedge fund is deciding whether to liquidate its position in Apollo Group, a for-profit education firm, in light of significant political and macro-economic uncertainty facing the industry. As part of the investment analysis a complete discounted cash flow analysis... View Details
Viceira, Luis M., Joel Heilprin, Andrew S. Holmes, and Damian M. Zajac. "The Long and Short of Apollo Group and the University of Phoenix (A)." Harvard Business School Case 212-045, November 2011. (Revised December 2013.)
- March 1984 (Revised June 1998)
- Case
MCI Communications Corp.--1983
MCI Communications Corp. is faced with a large need for external financing to support rapid growth and substantial uncertainty due to the AT&T antitrust settlement. The case illustrates the value of convertible debt as a financing instrument in these circumstances. View Details
Keywords: Growth Management; Emerging Markets; Financing and Loans; Telecommunications Industry; United States
Greenwald, Bruce C. "MCI Communications Corp.--1983." Harvard Business School Case 284-057, March 1984. (Revised June 1998.)
- April 1992 (Revised June 1993)
- Case
Biotechnology Strategies in 1992
Describes the strategies of biotechnology companies which face similar uncertainties and illustrates different types of strategic responses to uncertainty. Each firm faces the strategic issues of which end-use industries to choose, how broad their product line should... View Details
Teisberg, Elizabeth O. "Biotechnology Strategies in 1992." Harvard Business School Case 792-082, April 1992. (Revised June 1993.)
- April 2017
- Case
Planetary Resources Inc., Property Rights, and the Regulation of the Space Economy
By: Matthew Weinzierl and Angela Acocella
Planetary Resources, Inc. (PRI) had a bold, some said crazy, vision: to mine asteroids. One might have assumed that developing the right technology would be the greatest challenge facing PRI. But even if the fledgling company could develop and deploy the sophisticated... View Details
Keywords: Property; Rights; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Aerospace Industry; Mining Industry
Weinzierl, Matthew, and Angela Acocella. "Planetary Resources Inc., Property Rights, and the Regulation of the Space Economy." Harvard Business School Case 717-053, April 2017.
- April 2025
- Article
Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile
By: Shunyuan Zhang, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar and Xupin Zhang
Non-informational cues, such as facial expressions, can significantly influence judgments and interpersonal impressions. While past research has explored how smiling affects business outcomes in offline or in-store contexts, relatively less is known about how smiling... View Details
Keywords: Sharing Economy; Airbnb; Image Feature Extraction; Machine Learning; Facial Expressions; Prejudice and Bias; Nonverbal Communication; E-commerce; Consumer Behavior; Perception
Zhang, Shunyuan, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar, and Xupin Zhang. "Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile." Journal of Consumer Research 51, no. 6 (April 2025): 1073–1097.
- January 2023
- Article
Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature
By: Amy C. Edmondson and Derrick P. Bransby
Since its renaissance in the 1990s, psychological safety research has
flourished—a boom motivated by recognition of the challenge of navigating uncertainty and change. Today, its theoretical and practical significance
is amplified by the increasingly complex and... View Details
Keywords: Safety; Risk and Uncertainty; Leadership; Working Conditions; Research; Performance; Learning; Organizational Culture
Edmondson, Amy C., and Derrick P. Bransby. "Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature." Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 10 (January 2023): 55–78.