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      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Categorical Processing in a Complex World

      By: Marco Sammon, Thomas Graeber and Christopher Roth
      In real-world news environments, quantitative information is rarely presented in isolation; it is characterized through qualitative comparisons with various reference levels. Company earnings, for example, are commonly compared to analyst forecasts, previous earnings,... View Details
      Keywords: Announcements; Cognition and Thinking; Communication Strategy
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      Sammon, Marco, Thomas Graeber, and Christopher Roth. "Categorical Processing in a Complex World." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Teaching Plan

      Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble

      By: Lou Shipley and Stacy Straaberg
      In late March 2018, Teamworks CEO Zach Maurides learned Q1 2018 sales were at risk for a large forecasting miss. Founded in 2004, Teamworks’s software application assisted support staff in messaging, scheduling, and sharing documents with collegiate and professional... View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; Business Growth and Maturation; Communication Strategy; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Business Cycles; Technological Innovation; Sports; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Marketing; Sales; Business Strategy; Expansion; Sports Industry; Technology Industry; United States; North Carolina
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      Shipley, Lou, and Stacy Straaberg. "Teamworks: Tackling a Forecasting Fumble." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 825-003, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Supplement

      Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Lena Duchene
      This case is a continuation of an earlier study chronicling Hakluyt & Company (Hakluyt)’s transformation from an obscure boutique to a global corporate advisory firm with an outsized reputation. In August 2024, the firm faced a pivotal moment as managing partner Varun... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Talent and Talent Management; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Equity; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Business History; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Growth Management; Management Succession; Management Teams; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Consulting Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Lena Duchene. "Hakluyt: from Corporate Intelligence to Trusted Advisors (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-087, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Tonik

      By: Andy Wu, Maliha Malek Quadir and Aticus Peterson
      This case study examines Tonik, the first digital bank in the Philippines, as it navigates the challenges of scaling its lending operations and achieving profitability in an evolving fintech landscape. It explores Tonik's journey from its launch in 2018 to early 2024,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Financing and Loans; Profit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Growth and Development Strategy; Emerging Markets; Entrepreneurship; Product; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Philippines
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      Wu, Andy, Maliha Malek Quadir, and Aticus Peterson. "Tonik." Harvard Business School Case 725-404, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Teaching Note

      El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender

      By: Laura Alfaro
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 322-055. In June 2021, Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s president, surprised the world with the announcement that the country would adopt bitcoin as legal tender, becoming the first nation to do so. Bitcoin was mostly used for trading and had... View Details
      Keywords: Bitcoin; Cryptocurrency; Currency; Financial Strategy; Economic Growth; Governance; Macroeconomics; Assets; Government Administration; Latin America; El Salvador
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      Alfaro, Laura. "El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 325-005, October 2024.
      • October 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Case

      Kering Eyewear

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Dante Roscini and Elena Corsi
      In June 2024, Roberto Vedovotto, CEO of Kering Eyewear, prepared to discuss the future of the recently acquired brands LINDBERG, a Danish optical eyewear brand, and Maui Jim, an American sunglasses brand. Vedovotto founded Kering Eyewear in 2014, convincing... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Mergers and Acquisitions; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Luxury; Fashion Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Italy; Europe; China
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Dante Roscini, and Elena Corsi. "Kering Eyewear." Harvard Business School Case 525-027, October 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Edizione

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery, Dante Roscini, Elena Corsi and Hugo Etchegoyhen
      This case study examines the diversification and transformation of Edizione, the Benetton family's holding company originally established to reinvest dividends from the Benetton clothing brand. Edizione expanded significantly in the late 1990s and early 2000s,... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Style; Leading Change; Leadership Development; Family Business; Family Ownership; Communication Strategy; Crisis Management; Management Style; Change Management; Asset Management; Management Succession; Private Equity; Corporate Governance; Organizational Culture; Reputation; Public Opinion; Mergers and Acquisitions; Diversification; Expansion; Air Transportation Industry; Fashion Industry; Transportation Industry; Travel Industry; Italy; Europe
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., Dante Roscini, Elena Corsi, and Hugo Etchegoyhen. "Edizione." Harvard Business School Case 725-395, October 2024.
      • October 2024 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      Nvidia

      By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
      This case study examines Nvidia's strategic pivot from gaming GPUs to becoming a leader in general-purpose computing and AI. It explores how Nvidia leveraged its GPU architecture to dominate the growing fields of data center acceleration and AI training, outpacing... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Product Development; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Electronics Industry; United States; China; Taiwan
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      Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Nvidia." Harvard Business School Case 725-383, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ben Creo
      Through the lens of biopharmaceutical contract research organization (CRO) PAREXEL, this case traces the evolution of the firm as it reinvents itself in response to the transformation of the CRO sector from a small, secondary cluster of firms into a major player with... View Details
      Keywords: Research; Innovation and Invention; Business Model; Transformation; Globalization; Information Technology; Competitive Advantage; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Ben Creo. "Parexel: Scaling Up and Industry Dynamics." Harvard Business School Case 325-046, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets

      By: Joseph Pacelli, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia and James Weber
      In August of 2017, CSL Capital, a private equity fund founded and operated by Charlie Leykum (HBS ’04), was deciding to take one of its portfolio companies, Ranger Energy Services, public. Founded in 2014, Ranger Energy was an oilfield service company providing... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Initial Public Offering; Financial Strategy; Valuation; Private Equity; Business Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia, and James Weber. "Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets." Harvard Business School Case 125-023, October 2024.
      • October 2024 (Revised February 2025)
      • Case

      AI and Brand Management: Promises and Perils

      By: Julian De Freitas and Elie Ofek
      As AI gains traction across industries, companies anticipate that AI will revolutionize both backend processes and customer-facing interactions—with brands eager to leverage AI for tailored marketing materials and automated consumer engagements. Yet, despite a dramatic... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Reputation; Technology Adoption; Competitive Advantage
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      De Freitas, Julian, and Elie Ofek. "AI and Brand Management: Promises and Perils." Harvard Business School Case 525-021, October 2024. (Revised February 2025.)
      • Fall 2024
      • Article

      The Three Traps That Stymie Reinvention: Organizational Identity, Architecture, and Collaboration Can Be Either Assets or Liabilities to Pursuing Growth in New Sectors

      By: Ryan Raffaelli
      In more than a decade of researching innovation, I have observed how organizations respond to new opportunities, technological changes, or unexpected market shifts that threaten to upend their current business model. This process, which I call reinvention, may occur... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation And Strategy; Change Leadership; Collaboration; Architecture; Transformation; Disruption; Leading Change; Innovation Strategy; Identity; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure
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      Raffaelli, Ryan. "The Three Traps That Stymie Reinvention: Organizational Identity, Architecture, and Collaboration Can Be Either Assets or Liabilities to Pursuing Growth in New Sectors." MIT Sloan Management Review 66, no. 1 (Fall 2024): 46–52. (Cover story.)
      • September 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Supplement

      Wemade: (Re)Establishing Trust in Blockchain Games (B)

      By: Jung Koo Kang, Charles C.Y. Wang, David Allen and Kwangmoon So
      This supplement reviews Wemade's efforts to rebuild confidence in its business after its WEMIX coin was delisted from the major South Korean cryptocurrency exchanges on December 8, 2022. It outlines Wemade's strategy of transparency, which included partnerships with... View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Cryptocurrency; Crypto Economy; Accounting; Financial Reporting; Revenue Recognition; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Corporate Disclosure; Information Technology; Financial Markets; Governance; Accounting Industry; Video Game Industry; South Korea
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      Kang, Jung Koo, Charles C.Y. Wang, David Allen, and Kwangmoon So. "Wemade: (Re)Establishing Trust in Blockchain Games (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 125-018, September 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach

      By: Robin Greenwood, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb and Ruth Page
      The link to this multimedia case should be provided to students in advance as preparation for classroom case discussion.

      This multimedia case follows real estate developer Alan Faena as he expanded his luxury development business from Argentina to the... View Details
      Keywords: Development; Real Estate; Hotels; Luxury; Urban Development; Sustainable Cities; Design; Markets; Transformation; Cost vs Benefits; Economic Growth; Private Sector; Public Sector; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Financial Strategy; Investment Return; Geographic Location; Urban Scope; Corporate Accountability; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Opportunities; Culture; Value Creation; Real Estate Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Florida; Miami; Argentina; Buenos Aires
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      Greenwood, Robin, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb, and Ruth Page. "Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 225-701, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital

      By: Rebecca Karp and Lena Duchene
      This case examines TechEnergy Ventures, the corporate venture capital (CVC) arm of the Techint Group, and its role in scaling innovation within the energy sector. Founded in 2021, TechEnergy Ventures operates with a mandate to invest in disruptive technologies to... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Alternative Energy; Renewable Energy; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Finance; Venture Capital; Financial Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Growth and Development Strategy; Adaptation; Diversification; Innovation Strategy; Energy Industry; Financial Services Industry; Italy; Europe; Latin America; Argentina
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      Karp, Rebecca, and Lena Duchene. "TechEnergy Ventures: Innovating Through Corporate Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Case 725-393, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Xendit: Hiring for Growth

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Steve Castano, Quoc Anh Nguyen and Claire Wu
      In 2019, Xendit, a growth-stage Southeast Asia (SEA) fintech venture based in Jakarta, was looking to hire a Head of Sales and Head of Product to lead its next phase of growth. Founded by Moses Lo and Tessa Wijaya, Xendit provided payment infrastructure, modeling... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Financing and Loans; Entrepreneurship; Jobs and Positions; Sales; Product; Growth and Development; Selection and Staffing; Organizational Culture; Expansion; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Philippines
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Steve Castano, Quoc Anh Nguyen, and Claire Wu. "Xendit: Hiring for Growth." Harvard Business School Case 825-046, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Supplement

      Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Kenneth P. Pucker and Stacy Straaberg
      The Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B) case encourages students to assess Allbirds’ product development and go-to-market strategies now that Allbirds is a publicly listed company. The (B) case provides a 2024 update on Allbirds including its initial public offering,... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Markets; Initial Public Offering; Global Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Distribution; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Going Public; Performance; Diversification; Stocks; Transformation; Fashion Industry; United States; San Francisco; California; Europe; Asia; New Zealand
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      Toffel, Michael W., Kenneth P. Pucker, and Stacy Straaberg. "Allbirds: Decarbonizing Fashion (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-004, September 2024.
      • September 24, 2024
      • Article

      4 Steps That Can Optimize Your Sales Process

      By: Frank V. Cespedes, Scott Peterson and Daniel Weinfurter
      Sales is a performance art where outcomes matter, so most advice here focuses on closing the sale. But a close is the result of actions and choices that occur earlier in the process: how much time and effort to spend on customer discovery (understanding what and to... View Details
      Keywords: Sales; Customer Satisfaction; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Advantage
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      Cespedes, Frank V., Scott Peterson, and Daniel Weinfurter. "4 Steps That Can Optimize Your Sales Process." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 24, 2024).
      • September 2024 (Revised February 2025)
      • Case

      Aramco: Navigating the Energy Transition

      By: Tarun Khanna and Gizem Cihan Dincsoy
      In March 2024, Amin Nasser, president, and CEO of the Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco), had just delivered a speech about the future of energy at a global energy conference. The world was behind schedule in meeting long-term climate change goals. The global shift... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Transmission; Oil & Gas; Economic Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Leadership; Business Strategy; Goals and Objectives; Transition; Environmental Sustainability; Diversification; Energy Industry; Saudi Arabia
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Gizem Cihan Dincsoy. "Aramco: Navigating the Energy Transition." Harvard Business School Case 725-358, September 2024. (Revised February 2025.)
      • September 2024 (Revised March 2025)
      • Case

      Epic: The Future of Health Information Technology

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Brian L. Walker
      How should the founder and leadership team of a health IT company with more than 45 years of market leadership prepare for the future, while navigating founder transitions and industry changes? Founded by Judy Faulkner in the late 1970s, Epic pioneered electronic... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Health Care and Treatment; Private Ownership; Customer Focus and Relationships; Information Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competition; Health Industry; Electronics Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Brian L. Walker. "Epic: The Future of Health Information Technology." Harvard Business School Case 325-028, September 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
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