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    • All HBS Web  (1,544)
      • Faculty Publications  (265)

      FormalizationRemove Formalization →

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      • Article

      Third-party Punishment as a Costly Signal of Trustworthiness

      By: Jillian J. Jordan, Moshe Hoffman, Paul Bloom and David G. Rand
      Third-party punishment (TPP), in which unaffected observers punish selfishness, promotes cooperation by deterring defection. But why should individuals choose to bear the costs of punishing? We present a game theoretic model of TPP as a costly signal of... View Details
      Keywords: Third-party Punishment; Trustworthiness; Behavior; Trust; Game Theory
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      Jordan, Jillian J., Moshe Hoffman, Paul Bloom, and David G. Rand. "Third-party Punishment as a Costly Signal of Trustworthiness." Nature 530, no. 7591 (2016): 473–476.
      • 2016
      • Article

      Does volunteering improve well-being?

      By: A.V. Whillans, Scott C. Seider, Lihan Chen, Ryan J. Dwyer, Sarah Novick, Kathryn J. Gramigna, Brittany A. Mitchell, Victoria Savalei, Sally S. Dickerson and Elizabeth W. Dunn
      Does volunteering causally improve well-being? To empirically test this question, we examined one instantiation of volunteering that is common at post-secondary institutions across North America: community service learning (CSL). CSL is a form of experiential learning... View Details
      Keywords: Prosocial Behavior; College Students; Bayesian Statistics; Education; Well-being
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      Whillans, A.V., Scott C. Seider, Lihan Chen, Ryan J. Dwyer, Sarah Novick, Kathryn J. Gramigna, Brittany A. Mitchell, Victoria Savalei, Sally S. Dickerson, and Elizabeth W. Dunn. "Does volunteering improve well-being?" Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology 1, nos. 1-3 (2016): 35–50.
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      "Level II" Negotiation Strategies: Advance Your Interests by Helping to Solve Their Internal Problems

      By: James K. Sebenius
      Many negotiators have constituencies that must formally or informally approve an agreement. Traditionally, it is the responsibility of each negotiator to manage the internal conflicts and constituencies on his or her own side. Far less familiar are the many valuable... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Deal
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      Sebenius, James K. "Level II" Negotiation Strategies: Advance Your Interests by Helping to Solve Their Internal Problems. In Negotiating in Times of Conflict, edited by Gilead Sher and Anat Kurz, 107–124. Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security Studies, 2015. Electronic.
      • 2015
      • Case

      Advanced Leadership Pathways: Paul Lee and Asian Americans Advancing Justice

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Frank Jerome LaNasa and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      Paul Lee and Asian Americans Advancing Justice 2013 AL Fellow, 2014 Senior AL Fellow
      Two years after the formation of the Asian Americans Advancing Justice (AAAJ), a national affiliation of four independent Asian American civil rights groups, Paul Lee, who... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Skills; Asian; Asian Americans; Asian Americans Advancing Justice; Civil Rights; Asian Law Caucus; Asian Pacific American Legal Center; Asian American Institute; Asian American Justice Center; Immigration Issues; Immigration Reform; Affirmative Action; Coalition; Asian American Activism; Japanese; Chinese; Korean; Indian; Pakistani; Hmong; Cambodian; Laotians; Filipino; Vietnamese; Pacific Islanders; Ethnic Group; Model Minority; Anti-asian Prejudice; Pan-asian; Discrimination; Immigrants; Immigration Acts; Alien Land Laws; Sei Fujii; Naturalize; Interracial; Immigration And Nationality Act Of 1965; Refugees; War; Warfare; Vincent Chin; Bigotry; Chinatown; Boston; Social Impact; Asian American Lawyers Association; National Asian Pacific Bar Association; Asian Community Development Corporation; Asian Task Force Against Domestic Violence; Southeast Asia; Mee Moua; Change Management; Demographics; Prejudice and Bias; Rights; Immigration; Leadership; Problems and Challenges; Society; North and Central America
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Frank Jerome LaNasa, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Advanced Leadership Pathways: Paul Lee and Asian Americans Advancing Justice." Harvard Business Publishing Case 316-040, 2015. (Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative.)
      • November 2015
      • Article

      Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
      Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact... View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Relational Contracts; Clans; Intellectual Property
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 1637–1655.
      • October 2015
      • Article

      Managing the Performance Tradeoffs from Partner Integration: Implications of Contract Choice in R&D Projects

      By: Alan MacCormack and Anant Mishra
      Formal contracts represent an important governance instrument with which firms exercise control of and compensate partners in R&D projects. The specific type of contract used, however, can vary significantly across projects. In some, firms govern partnering... View Details
      Keywords: ""Partner Integration; Contract Choice; R&D Project Management; Relational Contracts; Partnering Performance; Research and Development; Projects; Partners and Partnerships; Performance; Contracts
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      MacCormack, Alan, and Anant Mishra. "Managing the Performance Tradeoffs from Partner Integration: Implications of Contract Choice in R&D Projects." Production and Operations Management 24, no. 10 (October 2015): 1552–1569.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      A Normative Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategy, Know-How, and Competition

      By: Gary P. Pisano
      The field of strategy has mounted an enormous effort to understand, define, predict, and measure how organizational capabilities shape competitive advantage. While the notion that capabilities influence strategy dates back to the work of Andrews (1971), attempts to... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Organizations
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      Pisano, Gary P. "A Normative Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategy, Know-How, and Competition." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-036, September 2015.
      • August 2015 (Revised February 2017)
      • Background Note

      The Whys and Hows of Feedback

      By: Boris Groysberg and Robin Abrahams
      Performance feedback is crucial to a career in the information-rich global economy. However, feedback is psychologically stressful to both give, and hear. This teaching note explains why feedback is both valuable and difficult, and goes on to summarize research on... View Details
      Keywords: Feedback; Performance Evaluation; Organizational Culture
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Robin Abrahams. "The Whys and Hows of Feedback." Harvard Business School Background Note 416-013, August 2015. (Revised February 2017.)
      • July 2015 (Revised October 2015)
      • Case

      Building Strong Partnerships at the Inter-American Development Bank

      By: Amy C. Edmondson, Erin L. Henry, Andreas Georgoulias and Natalie Bartlett
      Building Strong Partnerships at the Inter-American Development Bank details the development of the bank's new Office of Outreach Partnerships to sustain a culture of innovation through maintaining and generating partnerships in order to fulfill the bank's greater... View Details
      Keywords: Business Organization; Business And Community; Well-being; Wealth and Poverty; Organizational Structure; Groups and Teams; Organizational Culture; Technology Adoption; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business and Government Relations; Change Management; Nonprofit Organizations; Expansion; Partners and Partnerships; Restructuring; Welfare or Wellbeing; Business and Community Relations; Non-Governmental Organizations; Banking Industry; Latin America
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      Edmondson, Amy C., Erin L. Henry, Andreas Georgoulias, and Natalie Bartlett. "Building Strong Partnerships at the Inter-American Development Bank." Harvard Business School Case 616-004, July 2015. (Revised October 2015.)
      • 2015
      • Article

      Testing Strategy with Multiple Performance Measures: Evidence from a Balanced Scorecard at Store24

      By: Dennis Campbell, Srikant M. Datar, Susan L. Kulp and V.G. Narayanan
      We analyze balanced scorecard data from a convenience store chain, Store24, during the implementation of an innovative, but ultimately unsuccessful, strategy. Quarterly strategic reviews, based in part on the firm's balanced scorecard, led executives at Store24 to... View Details
      Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Business Strategy; Retail Industry
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      Campbell, Dennis, Srikant M. Datar, Susan L. Kulp, and V.G. Narayanan. "Testing Strategy with Multiple Performance Measures: Evidence from a Balanced Scorecard at Store24." Journal of Management Accounting Research 27, no. 2 (2015): 39–65.
      • Article

      Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?

      By: Robert Gibbons and Robert S. Kaplan
      Agency theorists, historically, have analyzed what kinds of performance measures should be used in formal incentive contracts. For example, after Kaplan-Norton proposed a balanced scorecard of both financial and non-financial measures, some envisioned its role only in... View Details
      Keywords: Relational Contracts; Performance Measurement; Informal Management; Balanced Scorecard; Economics; Mathematical Methods
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      Gibbons, Robert, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015).
      • Article

      Real Effects of Relational Contracts

      By: Steven Blader, Claudine Gartenberg, Rebecca Henderson and Andrea Pratt
      How important are factors such as "firm culture" and "employee engagement" in driving firm performance? Increasing evidence from a wide range of fields suggests that productivity differs widely across firms, even after the inclusion of careful controls for factors such... View Details
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      Blader, Steven, Claudine Gartenberg, Rebecca Henderson, and Andrea Pratt. "Real Effects of Relational Contracts." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015): 452–456.
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Mobile Money Services—Design and Development for Financial Inclusion

      By: Rajiv Lal and Ishan Sachdev
      Mobile money services are being deployed rapidly across emerging markets as a key tool to further the goal of financial inclusion. Financial inclusion, the development of novel methods to enable individuals at the base of the pyramid to access formal financial services... View Details
      Keywords: Social Marketing; Poverty; Emerging Markets; Product Launch; Economic Growth; Financial Services Industry
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      Lal, Rajiv, and Ishan Sachdev. "Mobile Money Services—Design and Development for Financial Inclusion." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-083, April 2015. (Revised July 2015.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Informal Tradables and the Employment Growth of Indian Manufacturing

      By: Ejaz Ghani, William R. Kerr and Alexander Segura
      India's manufacturing growth from 1989 to 2010 displays two intriguing properties: 1) a substantial fraction of absolute and net employment growth is concentrated in informal tradable industries, and 2) much of this growth is connected to the development of one-person... View Details
      Keywords: Manufacturing; India; Informality; Small And Medium-sized Enterprises; Development Economics; Manufacturing Industry; India
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      Ghani, Ejaz, William R. Kerr, and Alexander Segura. "Informal Tradables and the Employment Growth of Indian Manufacturing." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 7206, March 2015.
      • Article

      Waves in Ship Prices and Investment

      By: Robin Greenwood and Samuel G. Hanson
      We study the link between investment boom and bust cycles and returns on capital in the dry bulk shipping industry. We show that high current ship earnings are associated with high used ship prices and heightened industry investment in new ships, but forecast low... View Details
      Keywords: Business Earnings; Price; Investment; Shipping Industry
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Samuel G. Hanson. "Waves in Ship Prices and Investment." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 1 (February 2015): 55–109.
      • January 2015 (Revised March 2017)
      • Case

      New Urban Mechanics

      By: Mitchell Weiss
      Funding to scale Citizens Connect, Boston's 311 app, is both a blessing and a burden and tests two public entrepreneurs. In 2012, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts provides Boston's Mayor's Office of New Urban Mechanics with a grant to scale Citizens Connect across the... View Details
      Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Civic Technology; Government Innovation; Civic Innovation; Cities; New Urban Mechanics; Thomas. M. Menino; Chris Osgood; Nigel Jacob; Connected Bits; SeeClickFix; Ben Berkowitz; Eric Carlson; Dave Mitchell; Government Technology; Open Innovation; Open Source Software; Citizens Connect; Commonwealth Connect; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Innovation and Management; Open Source Distribution; Public Administration Industry; Information Technology Industry; Boston
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      Weiss, Mitchell. "New Urban Mechanics." Harvard Business School Case 315-075, January 2015. (Revised March 2017.)
      • November 2014
      • Article

      The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance

      By: Robert G. Eccles, Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
      We investigate the effect of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Using a matched sample of 180 U.S. companies, we find that corporations that voluntarily adopted sustainability policies by 1993—termed as High Sustainability... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Management; Sustainability Research; Sustainability Reporting; Sustainability Targets; Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Accountability; Reporting; Corporate Governance; Investor Clientele; Investor Communication; Stock Market; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Performance; United States
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      Eccles, Robert G., Ioannis Ioannou, and George Serafeim. "The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance." Management Science 60, no. 11 (November 2014): 2835–2857.
      • October 2014 (Revised November 2016)
      • Technical Note

      Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) vs. Customer Lifetime Return on Investment (CLROI)

      By: Elie Ofek
      This note presents two related measures for assessing the financial value of a customer to the firm. The first is the well-known measure of Customer Lifetime Value, or CLV for short. The second, which has received much less attention, treats the acquisition of a... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Lifetime Value; Return On Investment; Segmentation; Social Networks; Customer Relationship Management; Marketing Strategy; Investment Return; Social and Collaborative Networks; Social Media
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      Ofek, Elie. "Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) vs. Customer Lifetime Return on Investment (CLROI)." Harvard Business School Technical Note 515-049, October 2014. (Revised November 2016.)
      • September 2014
      • Article

      OSHA Inspections Should Be Welcome: Results from a Natural Field Experiment in California

      By: David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
      For companies with strong internal occupational safety and health auditing programs, OSHA inspections might seem a formality that risk uncovering, at most, nitpicky deviations from the thousands of pages of safety regulations. For those with poor safety practices, OSHA... View Details
      Keywords: Business and Government Relations; Operations; Safety; Governance Compliance; United States; California
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      Levine, David I., and Michael W. Toffel. "OSHA Inspections Should Be Welcome: Results from a Natural Field Experiment in California." The Compass (Newsletter of the American Society of Safety Engineers) 14, no. 1 (September 2014): 4.
      • August 2014
      • Case

      Three Jays Corporation

      By: Paul Marshall and Mark Davis
      Brodie Arens is an MBA student and summer intern at Three Jays Corporation, a jam and jelly manufacturer in Michigan. Brodie's first assignment as an intern is to update the inventory and production planning system. Initially, he begins by updating the Economic Order... View Details
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      Marshall, Paul, and Mark Davis. "Three Jays Corporation." Harvard Business School Brief Case 915-531, August 2014.
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