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  • All HBS Web  (7,900)
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  • January 2002
  • Background Note

History of Investment Banking

By: Ashish Nanda, Thomas J. DeLong and Lynn Villadolid Roy
Describes the history of investment banking. View Details
Keywords: Business History; Investment Banking
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Nanda, Ashish, Thomas J. DeLong, and Lynn Villadolid Roy. "History of Investment Banking." Harvard Business School Background Note 902-168, January 2002.
  • Research Summary

Managing International Trade and Investment

By: Debora L. Spar
Introduced by Debora Spar in 1995, Managing International Trade and Investment is an elective course that prepares students to deal with the distinct set of management challenges that face cross-border businesses. Building on experience that suggests that what works... View Details
  • 2019
  • Chapter

Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Return on invested capital (ROIC) is a financial measure of the profitability of a firm or business unit. If it is greater than the business's cost of capital, then reinvestment of earnings increases shareholder VALUE. The ROIC also determines a maximum self-sustaining... View Details
Keywords: Capital Efficiency; Dupont Analysis; Financial Metrics; Schumpeterian Competition; Sustainable Growth; Competitive Advantage; Financial Strategy; Resource Allocation; Valuation; Value Creation
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Continuously updated edition, edited by Mie Augier and David J. Teece. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Electronic. (Pre-published, October 2013.)
  • February 2022 (Revised March 2022)
  • Case

MicroStrategy's Investment in Bitcoin

By: C. Fritz Foley
At the end of the second quarter of 2020, MicroStrategy, a Virginia based provider of analytics software and services, announced plans to acquire and hold bitcoin as a part of the firm’s treasury reserve policy and corporate strategy. Within a year, the firm purchased... View Details
Keywords: Bitcoin; Corporate Strategy; Acquisition; Investment Portfolio; Capital Structure; Equity
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Foley, C. Fritz. "MicroStrategy's Investment in Bitcoin." Harvard Business School Case 222-048, February 2022. (Revised March 2022.)
  • December 1997 (Revised December 1998)
  • Case

Valuing Capital Investment Projects

By: W. Carl Kester
A collection of problems that introduces students to the application of discounted cash flow analysis in the evaluation of capital budgeting problems. View Details
Keywords: Budgets and Budgeting; Capital; Cash Flow; Investment; Valuation
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Kester, W. Carl. "Valuing Capital Investment Projects." Harvard Business School Case 298-092, December 1997. (Revised December 1998.)
  • 16 Nov 2022
  • News

Investing in Indigenous Sovereignty

  • August 2019 (Revised April 2021)
  • Case

Zillow Offers: Winning Online Real Estate 2.0

By: Luis Viceira, Marco Di Maggio and Allison Ciechanover
Founded in 2005, Zillow had become the leading online real estate and home-related marketplace. The brand was recognized as a trusted resource for players in the real estate market, providing information and transparency on home prices. Revenue, which was historically... View Details
Keywords: Real Estate; Corporate Culture; Intermediation; Brokerage; Startup; Evaluating Business Investments; Property; Information Technology; Business Model; Expansion; Business Startups; Real Estate Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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Viceira, Luis, Marco Di Maggio, and Allison Ciechanover. "Zillow Offers: Winning Online Real Estate 2.0." Harvard Business School Case 220-021, August 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
  • May 2010 (Revised November 2010)
  • Case

Investment Technology Group

By: Clayton S. Rose and David Lane
Investment Technology Group (ITG) CEO Robert Gasser wondered if the financial crisis had permanently affected the firm's business model. A leader in trade analytics and execution for institutional equity investors, ITG had grown since its establishment in 1987 in step... View Details
Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Financial Crisis; Investment; Resignation and Termination; Crisis Management; Product Positioning; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; New York (city, NY)
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Rose, Clayton S., and David Lane. "Investment Technology Group." Harvard Business School Case 310-064, May 2010. (Revised November 2010.)
  • September 2018
  • Case

Advent International: Kroton Investment

By: Victoria Ivashina, Ruth Kostas and Priscilla Zogbi
Keywords: Private Equity; Acquisition; IPO; Valuation; Education; Distance Learning; Turnaround; Growth; Exit; PE; Buyer; Middle-class; Low Income; K-12; Entrepreneur; Family Business; University; College; Consolidation; Fragmentation; Penetration; Value; Shares; Control; Negotiation; Equity; Transaction; Board; Majority; Minority; Post-secondary; Leverage; Campus; Deal; Shareholder; Tag Along; Brazil; Latin America
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Ivashina, Victoria, Ruth Kostas, and Priscilla Zogbi. "Advent International: Kroton Investment." Harvard Business School Case 219-035, September 2018.
  • Web

An Educated Investment | Social Enterprise | Harvard Business School

An Educated Investment Safeena Husain was the first in her family to attend university overseas—so being admitted to the London School of Economics was cause for celebration, even if her father had to sell his View Details
  • 18 Jun 2001
  • Research & Ideas

Tech Investment the Wise Way

Excerpted with permission from "The Dual Edged Role of the Business Model in Leveraging Corporate Technology Investments," in Taking Technical Risks: How Innovators, Executives, and Investors Manage High Tech Risks, article ©... View Details
Keywords: by Henry Chesbrough & Richard S. Rosenbloom
  • September 2012 (Revised July 2014)
  • Case

Blackstone's Investment in Intelenet

By: Josh Lerner, Sandeep Bapat and Rachna Tahilyani
Three years had passed since Blackstone's investment in Intelenet Global Services, their third largest investment in India. Great progress had been made, but now a new challenge loomed. Globank, a large global bank, was Intelenet's largest customer. Intelenet's... View Details
Keywords: India; Blackstone; Private Equity; Financial Services Industry; India
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Lerner, Josh, Sandeep Bapat, and Rachna Tahilyani. "Blackstone's Investment in Intelenet." Harvard Business School Case 213-036, September 2012. (Revised July 2014.)
  • October 2007 (Revised December 2008)
  • Background Note

Evaluating M&A Deals: How Poison Pills Work

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The poison pill defense against hostile takeovers was invented in 1982 by Martin Lipton, of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen and Katz. Pills are considered the most effective of all the normal defenses against a hostile bidder. Describes the two basic types of poison pills... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation Deal; Mergers and Acquisitions
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Evaluating M&A Deals: How Poison Pills Work." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-061, October 2007. (Revised December 2008.)
  • 01 Oct 2020
  • News

The Investment Banker Turned Teacher

  • January 2013
  • Case

Omidyar Network: Pioneering Impact Investment

By: Michael Chu and Lauren Barley
Omidyar Network, having deployed to date over $500 million in ways ranging from donations to commercial equity capital, must decide whether to back Anudip, an Indian organization dedicated to providing the rural unemployed and marginalized with livelihoods linked to... View Details
Keywords: Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Investment; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; India
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Chu, Michael, and Lauren Barley. "Omidyar Network: Pioneering Impact Investment." Harvard Business School Case 313-090, January 2013.
  • February 2024
  • Case

Nuwa Capital: Investing During Uncertainty

By: Paul A. Gompers and Fares Khrais
Nuwa Capital (Nuwa) was a venture capital firm based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates and Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. The business was founded in 2020 by Khaled Talhouni and his partners Sarah Abu Risheh, and Stephanie Nour Prince (they were later joined by Nitin Reen... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Disruption; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Investment; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Decisions; Middle East; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Dubai; Bahrain
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Gompers, Paul A., and Fares Khrais. "Nuwa Capital: Investing During Uncertainty." Harvard Business School Case 224-016, February 2024.
  • February 2006 (Revised October 2006)
  • Case

The Children's Investment Fund, 2005

By: Randolph B. Cohen and Joshua B. Sandbulte
TCI, The Children's Investment Fund, is a London-based hedge fund. The firm donates a significant fraction of the fees it earns to a charitable foundation. In 2005, TCI took a large stake in Deutsche Borse, the stock exchange in Frankfurt. Its battle with management... View Details
Keywords: Value Creation; Financial Markets; Investment Activism; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Financial Services Industry; London; Germany
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Cohen, Randolph B., and Joshua B. Sandbulte. "The Children's Investment Fund, 2005." Harvard Business School Case 206-092, February 2006. (Revised October 2006.)
  • October 2007 (Revised February 2008)
  • Background Note

Evaluating M&A Deals: Accretion vs. Dilution of Earnings-per-share

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
When discussing the pros and cons of an acquisition, practitioners often talk about the impact of the deal on the buyer's earnings-per-share (eps). An acquisition is said to be "accretive" if the buyer's eps goes up post-deal; it is "dilutive" if the buyer's eps goes... View Details
Keywords: Business Earnings; Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Negotiation Deal
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Evaluating M&A Deals: Accretion vs. Dilution of Earnings-per-share." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-059, October 2007. (Revised February 2008.)
  • 17 Mar 2022
  • News

Venture Capital & Angel Investing - What We Know and Still Need to Learn

Keywords: Angel investing
  • 27 May 2025
  • News

Measuring Climate Tech Investment Yields a New Shade of 'Green' Business

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