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- All HBS Web (960)
- Faculty Publications (531)
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- August 1980 (Revised August 1985)
- Case
Teradyne, Inc.--1979: Semiconductor Test Division (A)
In 1979, the management of Teradyne's Semiconductor Test Division had to make important decisions regarding the allocation of engineering resources in the face of increased competition. They had to choose between upgrading an existing product and developing a new one. View Details
Keywords: Decisions; Resource Allocation; Product; Product Development; Competition; Semiconductor Industry
Shapiro, Benson P. "Teradyne, Inc.--1979: Semiconductor Test Division (A)." Harvard Business School Case 581-023, August 1980. (Revised August 1985.)
- September 2003 (Revised December 2003)
- Case
Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.
By: F. Warren McFarlan and Valerie Massoni
Focuses on the current IT applications portfolio and plans for the world's second largest cruise line. An IT-intensive organization, it forces students to think through how IT resources should be allocated in this dynamic environment and what kind of management system... View Details
Keywords: Management Systems; Resource Allocation; Planning; Situation or Environment; Information Technology; Air Transportation Industry
McFarlan, F. Warren, and Valerie Massoni. "Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 304-019, September 2003. (Revised December 2003.)
- March 2014
- Article
Choosing the Right Customer
By: Robert Simons
Companies that win in competitive markets identify a primary customer and dedicate maximum resources to meeting that customer's needs. This article will show you how to identify the best primary customer for your business by analyzing perspective, capabilities, and... View Details
Keywords: Strategy Execution; Customer Focus; Organization Design; Accountability; Management Control Systems; Customer Relationship Management; Organizational Design
Simons, Robert. "Choosing the Right Customer." Harvard Business Review 92, no. 3 (March 2014): 48–55.
- January – February 2011
- Article
The Price of Fairness
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Vivek F. Farias and Nikolaos Trichakis
In this paper we study resource allocation problems that involve multiple self-interested parties or players and a central decision maker. We introduce and study the price of fairness, which is the relative system efficiency loss under a "fair" allocation assuming that... View Details
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Vivek F. Farias, and Nikolaos Trichakis. "The Price of Fairness." Operations Research 59, no. 1 (January–February 2011): 17–31.
- January 1996 (Revised February 1996)
- Case
Peterson Industries: Louis Friedman
By: David A. Garvin
Louis Friedman, the president and CEO of Peterson Industries, must make decisions about two engineering projects and the level at which they should be funded. In the process, he must manage the overall resource allocation process and the company. A rewritten version of... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Motivation and Incentives; Resource Allocation; Budgets and Budgeting; Projects; Engineering
Garvin, David A. "Peterson Industries: Louis Friedman." Harvard Business School Case 396-182, January 1996. (Revised February 1996.)
- September 2024
- Case
XYZ Robotics
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Brian Mao Fu, Shu Lin and Jamie Gong
Founded in 2018, XYZ Robotics was a China-based startup specializing in robotic picking solutions and 3D machine vision products. Amid an economic downturn and intense competition, the company faced considerable financial challenges and needed to determine the best way... View Details
Keywords: Robotics; 3D Systems; China; Resource Allocation; Business Startups; Competition; Product; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Technology Industry; China
Bussgang, Jeffrey J., Brian Mao Fu, Shu Lin, and Jamie Gong. "XYZ Robotics." Harvard Business School Case 825-059, September 2024.
- July 2017
- Case
Magpie: Developing and Using Buyer Personas
The founders of a start-up platform for publishers have developed preliminary personas of target customers and are evaluating the implications for initial target buyers, messaging, and marketing programs. The case is useful for discussing the process of developing... View Details
Keywords: Buying Process; Marketing; Sales; Distribution Channels; Segmentation; Entrepreneurship; Social Media; Consumer Products Industry; Fashion Industry; United States
Cespedes, Frank V. "Magpie: Developing and Using Buyer Personas." Harvard Business School Case 818-013, July 2017.
- July 2013 (Revised November 2021)
- Module Note
Exploration vs. Exploitation
By: Willy Shih
This module note introduces James March's concept of exploration and exploitation, and the management challenge of balancing the allocation of resources to the two activities in the firm. The note also touches on the O'Reilly and Tushman paper on the ambidextrous... View Details
Keywords: Exploration And Exploitation; Exploitation; Research; Scientific Research; Product Commercialization; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Acquisition; Growth and Development Strategy; Resource Allocation; Strategic Planning; Research and Development; Science-Based Business; Corporate Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Biotechnology Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; United States
Shih, Willy. "Exploration vs. Exploitation." Harvard Business School Module Note 614-004, July 2013. (Revised November 2021.)
- April 2018
- Case
Hawk Electronics, Inc.
By: Richard G. Hamermesh and John J. Lafkas
Hawk Electronics ("Hawk") presents the problems that a company can encounter when its divisions have distinct strategies, especially when one division has been favored at another's expense. It also highlights how such problems can reflect cognitive biases, which... View Details
Hamermesh, Richard G., and John J. Lafkas. "Hawk Electronics, Inc." Harvard Business School Brief Case 918-521, April 2018.
- August 1989 (Revised November 1994)
- Case
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.: Marketing Strategy for the European Market
By: John A. Quelch
Nissan executives are reviewing their European marketing strategy in light of the 1992 European Community (EC) market integration program and the likely end of bilateral import quotas on Japanese cars by some EC countries. Having recently established a manufacturing... View Details
Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Resource Allocation; Market Entry and Exit; Trade; Auto Industry; Japan; United Kingdom; Europe
Quelch, John A. "Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.: Marketing Strategy for the European Market." Harvard Business School Case 590-018, August 1989. (Revised November 1994.)
- March 2008 (Revised April 2008)
- Case
Corning: 156 Years of Innovation
By: H. Kent Bowen and Courtney Purrington
The executive team at Corning has committed to double the rate of new business creation per decade, while at the same time growing the company's current businesses, including glass substrates for LCD displays. Their strategy, built on more than 150 years of successful... View Details
Keywords: Innovation Leadership; Resource Allocation; Product Development; Research and Development; Science-Based Business; Industrial Products Industry
Bowen, H. Kent, and Courtney Purrington. "Corning: 156 Years of Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 608-108, March 2008. (Revised April 2008.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Running Out of Numbers: Scarcity of IP Addresses and What to Do About It
By: Benjamin Edelman
The Internet's current numbering system is nearing exhaustion: Existing protocols allow only a finite set of computer numbers ("IP addresses"), and central authorities will soon deplete their supply. I evaluate a series of possible responses to this shortage: Sharing... View Details
Keywords: Policy; Resource Allocation; Market Transactions; Internet; Technology Networks; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry
Edelman, Benjamin. "Running Out of Numbers: Scarcity of IP Addresses and What to Do About It." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-091, February 2009. (Revised March 2009.)
- 06 Jul 2017
- Working Paper Summaries
Do All Your Detailing Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Methods Revisited
- December 2012
- Article
On the Efficiency-Fairness Trade-Off
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Vivek F. Farias and Nikolaos Trichakis
This paper deals with a basic issue: How does one approach the problem of designing the "right" objective for a given resource allocation problem? The notion of what is right can be fairly nebulous; we consider two issues that we see as key: efficiency and fairness. We... View Details
Keywords: Decision Support; Cost vs Benefits; Fairness; Resource Allocation; Performance Efficiency; Air Transportation Industry
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Vivek F. Farias, and Nikolaos Trichakis. "On the Efficiency-Fairness Trade-Off." Management Science 58, no. 12 (December 2012): 2234–2250.
- 2016
- Working Paper
Delay as Agenda Setting
By: James J. Anton and Dennis A. Yao
We examine a dynamic decision-making process involving unrelated issues in which a decision may be endogenously delayed by the allocation of influence resources. Delay is strategically interesting when decision makers with asymmetric preferences face multiple issues... View Details
Keywords: Decision Making; Resource Allocation; Conflict of Interests; Power and Influence; Strategy
Anton, James J., and Dennis A. Yao. "Delay as Agenda Setting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-082, February 2011. (Revised February 2025.)
- November 2023
- Article
Algorithmic Mechanism Design with Investment
By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Michael Li, Shengwu Li and Paul Milgrom
We study the investment incentives created by truthful mechanisms that allocate resources using approximation algorithms. Some approximation algorithms guarantee nearly 100% of the optimal welfare, but have only a zero guarantee when one bidder can invest before... View Details
Akbarpour, Mohammad, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Michael Li, Shengwu Li, and Paul Milgrom. "Algorithmic Mechanism Design with Investment." Econometrica 91, no. 6 (November 2023): 1969–2003.
- 2020
- Working Paper
How ESG Issues Become Financially Material to Corporations and Their Investors
By: George Serafeim
Management and disclosure of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues have received substantial interest over the last decade. In this paper, we outline a framework of how ESG issues become financially material, affecting corporate profitability and valuation.... View Details
Keywords: Materiality; ESG; Pharmaceutical Companies; Business Ethics; Sustainability; Environment; Disclosure; Disclosure And Access; Regulation; Social Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Corporate Governance; Ethics; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Accountability; Resource Allocation; Finance; Accounting; Valuation
Freiberg, David, Jean Rogers, and George Serafeim. "How ESG Issues Become Financially Material to Corporations and Their Investors." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-056, November 2019. (Revised November 2020.)
- 14 May 2019
- Working Paper Summaries
Do Experts Listen to Other Experts? Field Experimental Evidence from Scientific Peer Review
- September 2016 (Revised October 2018)
- Case
Springfield Hospital
By: Susanna Gallani and Robert Kaplan
One of the key roles of costing systems is to support the evaluation of performance and facilitate appropriate resource allocations. Through participation in a comparative cost study, management at Springfield Hospital, known for its heavy focus on operational... View Details
Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Variance Analysis; Activity Based Costing and Management; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
Gallani, Susanna, and Robert Kaplan. "Springfield Hospital." Harvard Business School Case 117-025, September 2016. (Revised October 2018.)
- September 2001
- Background Note
Financial Reporting Environment, The
Provides a framework for understanding the role of financial reporting and various intermediaries as mechanisms for reducing both adverse selection and moral hazard problems in capital markets. Financial reports reduce adverse selection by providing basic information... View Details
Keywords: Financial Reporting; Financial Statements; Capital Markets; Venture Capital; Corporate Disclosure; Conflict of Interests
Healy, Paul M., Amy P. Hutton, Robert S. Kaplan, and Krishna G. Palepu. "Financial Reporting Environment, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 102-029, September 2001.