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      • November 2023 (Revised February 2025)
      • Background Note

      Corporate Climate Targets

      By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
      Companies that are addressing climate change by mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions often set reduction targets. This note describes several types of widely used carbon reduction targets, including carbon neutral, science based, net zero, real zero, and carbon... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Sustainability; Environmental Strategy; Climate Risk; Target-setting; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Accountability; Policy; Measurement and Metrics; Strategic Planning; Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Shih, Willy C., Michael W. Toffel, and Kelsey Carter. "Corporate Climate Targets." Harvard Business School Background Note 624-041, November 2023. (Revised February 2025.)
      • November 2023
      • Case

      UST's Adoption of Open Talent

      By: Christopher Stanton and Kristen Senz
      This case details the 2020 launch and subsequent scaling of UST’s Open Talent initiative, a program to integrate freelancers from digital platforms into its workforce. The case highlights how the shifting post-pandemic world, including layoffs, wage inflation, and... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Employment; Working Conditions; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Stanton, Christopher, and Kristen Senz. "UST's Adoption of Open Talent." Harvard Business School Case 824-117, November 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      A Quantity-Driven Theory of Term Premia and Exchange Rates

      By: Robin Greenwood, Samuel G. Hanson, Jeremy C. Stein and Adi Sunderam
      We develop a model in which specialized bond investors must absorb shocks to the supply and demand for long-term bonds in two currencies. Since long-term bonds and foreign exchange are both exposed to unexpected movements in short-term interest rates, a shift in the... View Details
      Keywords: Term Premium; Exchange Rate; Currency Exchange Rate; Bonds
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      Greenwood, Robin, Samuel G. Hanson, Jeremy C. Stein, and Adi Sunderam. "A Quantity-Driven Theory of Term Premia and Exchange Rates." Quarterly Journal of Economics 138, no. 4 (November 2023): 2327–2389.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      This is the first study to consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures whether country-level participation on the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures, and where it... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Applications and Software; Business Ventures; Development Economics; Innovation and Invention; Global Range
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship." Art. 104846. Research Policy 52, no. 9 (November 2023).
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools

      By: Julian De Freitas, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt and N. Haslam
      What are the psychological factors driving attitudes toward AI tools, and how can resistance to AI systems be overcome when they are beneficial? In this perspective, we first organize the main sources of resistance into five main categories: opacity, emotionlessness,... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Self; AI and Machine Learning; Attitudes; Technology Adoption
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      De Freitas, Julian, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt, and N. Haslam. "Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 11 (November 2023): 1845–1854.
      • October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      KOKO Networks: Bridging Energy Transition and Affordability with Carbon Financing

      By: George Serafeim, Siko Sikochi and Namrata Arora
      The problem was massive: two million hectares of African forests were lost annually to charcoal production for cooking, an area equivalent to 13 times Greater London, resulting in one billion tons of carbon emissions yearly. At the same time, an estimated 700,000... View Details
      Keywords: Clean Tech; Digital; Carbon Credits; Carbon Offsetting; Africa; Emerging Markets; Energy; Climate Change; Entrepreneurship; Energy Sources; Environmental Sustainability; Health; Market Design; Business Startups; Transition; Environmental Regulation; Policy; Energy Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Africa; Kenya; Rwanda
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      Serafeim, George, Siko Sikochi, and Namrata Arora. "KOKO Networks: Bridging Energy Transition and Affordability with Carbon Financing." Harvard Business School Case 124-022, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Technical Note

      Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ta-Wei (David) Huang
      Targeted interventions serve as a pivotal tool in business strategy, streamlining decisions for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This note delves into two central facets of such interventions: first, the design of potent decision guidelines, or targeting... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Customer Relationship Management; Analysis; Design; Business Strategy; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Telecommunications Industry
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ta-Wei (David) Huang. "Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions." Harvard Business School Technical Note 524-034, October 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Lasell University in 2023: Securing the Future

      By: John Jong-Hyun Kim and Mary C. Sauer
      In a groundbreaking move on September 20, 2022, Lasell University's President, Michael B. Alexander, announced an extraordinary 33% reduction in tuition, room, board, and fees, signaling a pivotal shift in higher education. Situated in an affluent Boston suburb,... View Details
      Keywords: Higher Education; Cost; Valuation; Competitive Advantage; Education Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Kim, John Jong-Hyun, and Mary C. Sauer. "Lasell University in 2023: Securing the Future." Harvard Business School Case 324-049, October 2023.
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?

      By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
      In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial policies, and it has become one of the richest... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Trade; Policy; Government and Politics; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; Asia; United States
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      Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?" Harvard Business School Case 324-032, October 2023.
      • 2023
      • Chapter

      Discussion of Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism

      By: Laura Alfaro
      Keywords: Global Range; Economics; Globalized Economies and Regions; Globalization; International Relations; Policy
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      Alfaro, Laura. "Discussion of Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism." Chap. 2 in Geoeconomic Fragmentation: The Economic Risks from a Fractured World Economy, by Shekhar Aliyar, Andrea Presbitero, and Michele Ruta, 19–25. Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Supplement

      Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions

      By: Eva Ascarza
      Targeted interventions serve as a pivotal tool in business strategy, streamlining decisions for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness. This note delves into two central facets of such interventions: first, the design of potent decision guidelines, or targeting... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Design; Business Strategy; Policy; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; Telecommunications Industry
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Design and Evaluation of Targeted Interventions." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 524-703, September 2023.
      • September 2023
      • Technical Note

      Note on Family Constitutions

      By: Christina R. Wing
      Less than half of family businesses will survive generational transfer. While sometimes this is due to operating company issues, in many cases it is because of conflict within the family. Many families create and adopt a family constitution to proactively mitigate... View Details
      Keywords: Family Business; Policy; Organizational Structure; Family Ownership; Conflict Management; Agreements and Arrangements
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      Wing, Christina R. "Note on Family Constitutions." Harvard Business School Technical Note 624-045, September 2023.
      • September 28, 2023
      • Article

      A Perspective on the Great Reallocation of Global Supply Chains

      By: Laura Alfaro and Davin Chor
      Previous optimism that cross-border supply chains would improve efficiency for firms and open up growth opportunities for countries has been tempered by concerns that global value chains now expose firms and countries to the risk of disruptions. This column analyses... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain; Policy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Davin Chor. "A Perspective on the Great Reallocation of Global Supply Chains." Vox, CEPR Policy Portal (September 28, 2023).
      • September 2023 (Revised September 2024)
      • Technical Note

      Measuring and Managing Social Impact

      By: Brian Trelstad, Gerald Chertavian and Susan Pinckney
      A brief overview of how to measure social impact at nonprofits, social organizations, and impact investments. View Details
      Keywords: Analysis; Change; Transformation; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Public Sector; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Fairness; Entrepreneurial Finance; Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Policy; Innovation and Management; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Practices and Processes; Resource Allocation; Measurement and Metrics; Standards; Strength and Weakness; Mission and Purpose; Success; Performance; Performance Evaluation; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Strategic Planning; Programs; Risk and Uncertainty; Social Enterprise; Non-Governmental Organizations; Social Issues; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian, Gerald Chertavian, and Susan Pinckney. "Measuring and Managing Social Impact." Harvard Business School Technical Note 324-017, September 2023. (Revised September 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Global Supply Chains: The Looming 'Great Reallocation'

      By: Laura Alfaro and Davin Chor
      Global supply chains have come under unprecedented stress as a result of U.S.-China trade tensions, the COVID-19 pandemic, and geopolitical shocks. We document shifts in the pattern of U.S. participation in global value chains over the last four decades, in terms of... View Details
      Keywords: Supply Chain; International Relations; Trade; Globalized Markets and Industries
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Davin Chor. "Global Supply Chains: The Looming 'Great Reallocation'." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-012, August 2023. (in proceedings Jackson Hole Symposium, 2023 (also NBER WP 31661). See feature in NBER Digest, Nov (2023): Economics, Politics, and the Evolution of Global Supply Chains.)
      • September 2023
      • Article

      Corporate Purpose in Public and Private Firms

      By: Claudine Gartenberg and George Serafeim
      Analyzing data from approximately 1.5 million employees across 1,108 established public and private US companies, we find that the strength of employee beliefs related to purpose is weaker in public companies. Among public companies, those beliefs are stronger for... View Details
      Keywords: Purpose; Corporate Purpose; Culture; Corporate Culture; Public And Private Organizations; Hedge Fund; Executive Pay; Corporate Governance; Corporate Strategy; Organizational Culture; Mission and Purpose; Employees; Attitudes; Executive Compensation; Ownership
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      Gartenberg, Claudine, and George Serafeim. "Corporate Purpose in Public and Private Firms." Management Science 69, no. 9 (September 2023): 5087–5111.
      • September 2023
      • Article

      The Health Costs of Dirty Energy: Evidence from the Capacity Market in Colombia

      By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Theresa Molina, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo and Nicholas Torres
      The health effects of “dirty” (fossil fuel driven) energy production are difficult to measure accurately due to the endogeneity of fuel choice. We exploit an electricity policy in Colombia that generates a price-based trigger for the use of thermal energy sources.... View Details
      Keywords: Pollution; Health Disorders; Energy Industry; Colombia
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      Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Theresa Molina, Anant Nyshadham, Jorge Tamayo, and Nicholas Torres. "The Health Costs of Dirty Energy: Evidence from the Capacity Market in Colombia." Art. 103116. Journal of Development Economics 164 (September 2023).
      • September–October 2023
      • Article

      The New Era of Industrial Policy Is Here

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Governments around the world are increasingly intervening in the private sector through industrial policies designed to help domestic sectors reach goals that markets alone are unlikely to achieve. Companies in targeted sectors—such as automakers, energy companies, and... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Government and Politics; Business and Government Relations; Research and Development; Economic Sectors
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      Shih, Willy C. "The New Era of Industrial Policy Is Here." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 5 (September–October 2023): 66–75.
      • August 2023
      • Case

      Ripple 2023

      By: David B. Yoffie, Andy Wu and Sarah von Bargen
      This case covers Ripple’s events from 2020–2023. The focus of this case is Ripple’s 2023 victory over the SEC, which sued Ripple in 2020 claiming that they did not register their XRP coins as securities. After Ripple’s victory, CEO Garlinghouse faced numerous... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Currency; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business Strategy
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      Yoffie, David B., Andy Wu, and Sarah von Bargen. "Ripple 2023." Harvard Business School Case 724-372, August 2023.
      • August 2023 (Revised September 2023)
      • Case

      T.G.S. Transportation: Battery Electric or Hydrogen?

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Peter Schneider, the President of T.G.S. Transportation, Inc., faced a choice. His company operated drayage trucks that moved containerized cargo between the Ports of Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Oakland to customers across the State of California, with a focus on the... View Details
      Keywords: Decarbonization; Clean Technology; Energy; Energy Policy; Renewable Energy; Environmental Sustainability; Truck Transportation; Transportation Industry; United States; California
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      Shih, Willy C. "T.G.S. Transportation: Battery Electric or Hydrogen?" Harvard Business School Case 624-032, August 2023. (Revised September 2023.)
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