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      • July 2023
      • Article

      Before or After? The Effects of Payment Decision Timing in Pay-What-You-Want Contexts

      By: Raghabendra P. KC, Vincent Mak and Elie Ofek
      We study how payment decision timing—before versus after product delivery—influences consumer payment under pay-what-you-want pricing. We focus on situations where there is minimal change in consumer uncertainty regarding the product before versus after receiving it.... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Behavior; Valuation; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving
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      KC, Raghabendra P., Vincent Mak, and Elie Ofek. "Before or After? The Effects of Payment Decision Timing in Pay-What-You-Want Contexts." Journal of Marketing 87, no. 4 (July 2023): 618–635.
      • July 2023
      • Article

      Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This article employs the concept of deep responsibility to assess the social responsibility of the beauty industry over time. It shows that many of today’s problems with the industry have deep historical roots. Products have too many ingredients that are potential... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry." Entreprises et histoire 111, no. 2 (July 2023): 113–125.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Complexity of Economic Decisions

      By: Xavier Gabaix and Thomas Graeber
      We propose a theory of the complexity of economic decisions. Leveraging a macroeconomic framework of production functions, we conceptualize the mind as a cognitive economy, where a task’s complexity is determined by its composition of cognitive operations. Complexity... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Complexity; Perception; Consumer Behavior; Production
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      Gabaix, Xavier, and Thomas Graeber. "The Complexity of Economic Decisions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-049, February 2024.
      • June 2023 (Revised August 2023)
      • Background Note

      Subscription Models: Recurring Revenues for Lasting Growth

      By: Elie Ofek and Amy Konary
      This note offers a comprehensive exposition to subscription revenue models and aims to explain their recent rise. It covers the advantages to firms of employing a subscription-based approach to monetization (as opposed to “one-off” upfront payment), as well as the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Revenue; Product Design
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      Ofek, Elie, and Amy Konary. "Subscription Models: Recurring Revenues for Lasting Growth." Harvard Business School Background Note 523-113, June 2023. (Revised August 2023.)
      • June 2023
      • Case

      Royal Golden Eagle: Pursuing Cross-border Expansion with Bold Ambition

      By: Kristin E. Fabbe, Dante Roscini, Adina Wong and Dawn H. Lau
      About how Singapore-based natural resources firm Royal Golden Eagle, starting with a palm oil business in Indonesia, eventually expanded into a global conglomerate that also included the kraft pulp and paper, viscose, and natural gas industries. View Details
      Keywords: Singapore; Indonesia; China; Canada; Cross Border; International Trade; Commodities; Expansion; Globalized Firms and Management; Business Conglomerates; Forest Products Industry; Forest Products Industry; Forest Products Industry; Singapore; Indonesia; China; Canada
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      Fabbe, Kristin E., Dante Roscini, Adina Wong, and Dawn H. Lau. "Royal Golden Eagle: Pursuing Cross-border Expansion with Bold Ambition." Harvard Business School Case 723-022, June 2023.
      • June 12, 2023
      • Article

      How AI Will Accelerate the Circular Economy

      By: Shirley Lu and George Serafeim
      Despite living on a planet with finite resources, our economy remains largely linear and full of single-use products. The shift toward a circular economy, where companies recover or recycle resources, has hit roadblocks, including low value of used products and high... View Details
      Keywords: Recycling; Materials Management; Innovation and Management; Technological Innovation; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; AI and Machine Learning; Operations; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Industrial Products Industry
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      Lu, Shirley, and George Serafeim. "How AI Will Accelerate the Circular Economy." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (June 12, 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Design-Based Confidence Sequences: A General Approach to Risk Mitigation in Online Experimentation

      By: Dae Woong Ham, Michael Lindon, Martin Tingley and Iavor Bojinov
      Randomized experiments have become the standard method for companies to evaluate the performance of new products or services. In addition to augmenting managers’ decision-making, experimentation mitigates risk by limiting the proportion of customers exposed to... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Research and Development; Analytics and Data Science; Consumer Behavior
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      Ham, Dae Woong, Michael Lindon, Martin Tingley, and Iavor Bojinov. "Design-Based Confidence Sequences: A General Approach to Risk Mitigation in Online Experimentation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-070, May 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited: Global Leadership in Chipmaking

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 321-126. The general purpose of this case is to explore the evolving nature of business relations across the Taiwan strait, focusing on the prominence of Taiwan's high-tech industry. After the legendary founder of Taiwan Semiconductor... View Details
      Keywords: Geopolitical Units; Government and Politics; Competition; Production; Disruption; Semiconductor Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Taiwan; Taiwan Strait; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited: Global Leadership in Chipmaking." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 323-129, June 2023.
      • May–June 2023
      • Article

      The High Cost of Neglecting Low-Wage Workers: Six Mistakes That Companies Make—and How They Can Do Better

      By: Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman
      Many companies blame outside factors for the trouble they’ve been having in finding and retaining frontline workers: the pandemic, the government’s stimulus checks, the intrinsic nature of low-wage work. The authors argue that in fact the real problem lies in six big... View Details
      Keywords: Retention; Recruitment; Human Capital; Personal Development and Career; Compensation and Benefits; Performance Productivity
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      Fuller, Joseph, and Manjari Raman. "The High Cost of Neglecting Low-Wage Workers: Six Mistakes That Companies Make—and How They Can Do Better." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 3 (May–June 2023): 40–48.
      • June, 2023
      • Article

      Walking the Purpose-Talk Inside a Large Company: Sustainable Product Development as an Instance of Divergent Change

      By: Marissa Kimsey, Thijs Geradts and Julie Battilana
      There is a growing interest in large companies pursuing a new purpose—changing their core reason for being from a singular focus on financial gain to a renewed responsibility to people and the planet alongside profit. Yet knowledge of how a large company can walk that... View Details
      Keywords: Product Development; Environmental Sustainability; Mission and Purpose; Leading Change
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      Kimsey, Marissa, Thijs Geradts, and Julie Battilana. "Walking the Purpose-Talk Inside a Large Company: Sustainable Product Development as an Instance of Divergent Change." Special Issue on Corporate Purpose. Strategy Science 8, no. 2 (June, 2023): 311–321.
      • May 2023
      • Case

      Natural Gas in New England

      By: Robin Greenwood, Richard S. Ruback and Gil Highet
      Participants in the New England power market are exploring several strategies to meet the region's renewable power goals while also providing its residents with inexpensive and reliable electricity and heating fuel. New England was a first-mover into natural gas power... View Details
      Keywords: Natural Gas; Energy; Energy Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Greenwood, Robin, Richard S. Ruback, and Gil Highet. "Natural Gas in New England." Harvard Business School Case 223-094, May 2023.
      • May 2023 (Revised November 2023)
      • Case

      Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald's in Latin America

      By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
      This case describes the decarbonization strategy of Arcos Dorados—McDonald’s largest independent franchisee, operating in 20 countries and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean—and how the company measured its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including those... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Accounting; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Change Management; Forecasting and Prediction; Environmental Sustainability; Food; Growth Management; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Latin America; North and Central America; South America
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      Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald's in Latin America." Harvard Business School Case 623-017, May 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
      • May 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Away: Scaling a DTC Travel Brand

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Jill Avery
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 520-051. Away, a direct-to-consumer, digital native e-commerce seller of travel luggage, is debating how to invest its latest round of venture funding. How quickly could and should Away scale and what were the most promising growth... View Details
      Keywords: Distribution; Growth and Development Strategy; E-commerce; Segmentation; Venture Capital; Consumer Products Industry
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Jill Avery. "Away: Scaling a DTC Travel Brand." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 523-109, May 2023.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Operational Impact of Communication Channels: Evidence from Last-Mile Delivery Services

      By: Natalie Epstein, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      Communication channels are often used to improve customer satisfaction and behavior. This paper studies how they can be used to enhance operational performance.
      We partner with a last-mile delivery company and, through natural and field experiments, explore... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Consumer Behavior; Logistics; Communication
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      Epstein, Natalie, Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "Operational Impact of Communication Channels: Evidence from Last-Mile Delivery Services." Working Paper, August 2024.
      • May 2023
      • Article

      Self-Preferencing at Amazon: Evidence from Search Rankings

      By: Chiara Farronato, Andrey Fradkin and Alexander MacKay
      We study whether Amazon engages in self-preferencing on its marketplace by favoring its own brands (e.g., Amazon Basics) in search. To address this question, we collect new micro-level consumer search data using a custom browser extension installed by a panel of study... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; E-commerce; Product Positioning; Brands and Branding
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      Farronato, Chiara, Andrey Fradkin, and Alexander MacKay. "Self-Preferencing at Amazon: Evidence from Search Rankings." AEA Papers and Proceedings 113 (May 2023): 239–243.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Using LLMs for Market Research

      By: James Brand, Ayelet Israeli and Donald Ngwe
      Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly gained popularity as labor-augmenting tools for programming, writing, and many other processes that benefit from quick text generation. In this paper we explore the uses and benefits of LLMs for researchers and practitioners... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Model; Research; AI and Machine Learning; Analysis; Customers; Consumer Behavior; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Brand, James, Ayelet Israeli, and Donald Ngwe. "Using LLMs for Market Research." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-062, April 2023. (Revised July 2024.)
      • March–April 2023
      • Article

      Pricing for Heterogeneous Products: Analytics for Ticket Reselling

      By: Michael Alley, Max Biggs, Rim Hariss, Charles Herrmann, Michael Lingzhi Li and Georgia Perakis
      Problem definition: We present a data-driven study of the secondary ticket market. In particular, we are primarily concerned with accurately estimating price sensitivity for listed tickets. In this setting, there are many issues including endogeneity, heterogeneity in... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Demand and Consumers; AI and Machine Learning; Investment Return; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Sports Industry
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      Alley, Michael, Max Biggs, Rim Hariss, Charles Herrmann, Michael Lingzhi Li, and Georgia Perakis. "Pricing for Heterogeneous Products: Analytics for Ticket Reselling." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 25, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 409–426.
      • March 31, 2023
      • Article

      What Is the Optimal Pattern of a Customer Journey?

      By: Julian De Freitas
      Even though customer experience (CX) leaders are becoming increasingly focused on optimizing their firms’ customer journeys, they face a clear challenge: Which touchpoints along the journey should they invest in? That is, which moments when the customer interacts with... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Customers; Brands and Branding
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      De Freitas, Julian. "What Is the Optimal Pattern of a Customer Journey?" Harvard Business Review (website) (March 31, 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This working paper employs the concept of deep responsibility to assess the social responsibility of the beauty industry over time. It shows that many of today’s problems with the industry have deep historical roots. Products have carried too many health hazards.... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Accountability; Ethics; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Deep Responsibility and Irresponsibility in the Beauty Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-058, March 2023.
      • 2023
      • Book

      Deeply Responsible Business: A Global History of Values-Driven Leadership

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Corporate social responsibility has entered the mainstream, but what does it take to run a successful purpose-driven business? This book examines leaders who put values alongside profits to showcase the challenges and upside of deeply responsible business. Should... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Responsibility; Business Ecuation; Socially Responsible Investing; Business Education; Ethics; Leadership; Business History; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Religion; Social Enterprise; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United Kingdom; Germany; United States; Japan; India; Latin America
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      Jones, Geoffrey. Deeply Responsible Business: A Global History of Values-Driven Leadership. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2023.
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