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      • September 2010
      • Article

      Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?

      By: Saravanan Kesavan, Vishal Gaur and Ananth Raman
      Firm-level sales forecasts for retailers can be improved if we incorporate cost of goods sold, inventory, and gross margin (defined here as the ratio of sales to cost of goods sold) as three endogenous variables. We construct a simultaneous equations model, estimated... View Details
      Keywords: Sales; Forecasting and Prediction; Distribution; Goods and Commodities; Cost; Public Sector; Profit; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Retail Industry; United States
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      Kesavan, Saravanan, Vishal Gaur, and Ananth Raman. "Do Inventory and Gross Margin Data Improve Sales Forecasts for U.S. Public Retailers?" Management Science 56, no. 9 (September 2010): 1519–1533.
      • August 2010 (Revised March 2012)
      • Supplement

      The Dow Acquisition of Rohm and Haas (B)

      By: Jay W. Lorsch and Melissa Barton
      The Dow Board made a bid for Rohm and Haas Company in order to transition its portfolio away from commodity chemicals towards specialty chemicals. View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Investment Portfolio; Governing and Advisory Boards; Chemical Industry
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      Lorsch, Jay W., and Melissa Barton. "The Dow Acquisition of Rohm and Haas (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 411-002, August 2010. (Revised March 2012.)
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Venture Capital Investment in the Clean Energy Sector

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Ramana Nanda
      We examine the extent to which venture capital is adequately positioned for the rapid commercialization of clean energy technologies in the United States. While there are several startups in clean energy that are well-suited to the traditional venture capital... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Energy Generation; Venture Capital; Investment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technological Innovation; Competition; Energy Industry; Green Technology Industry; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Ramana Nanda. "Venture Capital Investment in the Clean Energy Sector." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-020, August 2010.
      • June 2010
      • Teaching Note

      Australia: The Riches and Challenges of Commodities (TN)

      By: Laura Alfaro and Renee Kim
      Teaching Note for 709007. View Details
      Keywords: Futures and Commodity Futures; Financial Crisis; Demand and Consumers; Trade; Natural Environment; Business and Government Relations; Policy; Growth and Development Strategy; Australia
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Renee Kim. "Australia: The Riches and Challenges of Commodities (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 710-066, June 2010.
      • June 2010
      • Article

      What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns

      By: Glenn Ellison, Edward Glaeser and William R. Kerr
      Why do firms cluster near one another? We test Marshall's theories of industrial agglomeration by examining which industries locate near one another, or coagglomerate. We construct pairwise coagglomeration indices for US manufacturing industries from the Economic... View Details
      Keywords: Production; Economics; Industry Clusters; Analytics and Data Science; Labor; Theory; Goods and Commodities; United States; United Kingdom
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      Ellison, Glenn, Edward Glaeser, and William R. Kerr. "What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns." American Economic Review 100, no. 3 (June 2010): 1195–1213.
      • May 2010 (Revised June 2012)
      • Case

      From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group

      By: Willy Shih and Nancy Hua Dai
      As Zuo Zongshen drove the transformation of the Zongshen Industrial Group from an early imitator in the motorcycle business to a company that increasingly focused on innovation as a way to get out of the hyper-competitive commodity business, he continually faced new... View Details
      Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Learning; Investment; Disruptive Innovation; Knowledge Acquisition; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Competitive Strategy; Manufacturing Industry; Motorcycle Industry; China
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      Shih, Willy, and Nancy Hua Dai. "From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group." Harvard Business School Case 610-057, May 2010. (Revised June 2012.)
      • October 2009
      • Case

      Noble Group

      By: C. Fritz Foley, Michael Shih-ta Chen, Matthew Johnson and Linnea Meyer
      What role does trade finance play in facilitating global supply chain management? Richard S. Elman, founder and CEO of Noble Group Ltd., a global commodities trading company based in Hong Kong, must raise capital to support the firm's working capital and investment... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Capital; Financing and Loans; International Finance; Globalized Firms and Management; Risk Management; Supply Chain Management; Hong Kong
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      Foley, C. Fritz, Michael Shih-ta Chen, Matthew Johnson, and Linnea Meyer. "Noble Group." Harvard Business School Case 210-021, October 2009.
      • October 2009
      • Supplement

      Noble Group (CW)

      By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
      What role does trade finance play in facilitating global supply chain management? Richard S. Elman, founder and CEO of Noble Group Ltd., a global commodities trading company based in Hong Kong, must raise capital to support the firm's working capital and investment... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Supply Chain Management; Trade; Global Strategy; Investment; Capital; Hong Kong
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      Foley, C. Fritz, and Matthew Johnson. "Noble Group (CW)." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 210-702, October 2009.
      • Article

      Optimal Taxation in Theory and Practice

      By: N. Gregory Mankiw, Matthew C. Weinzierl and Danny Yagan
      We highlight and explain eight lessons from optimal tax theory and compare them to the last few decades of OECD tax policy. As recommended by theory, top marginal income tax rates have declined, marginal income tax schedules have flattened, redistribution has risen... View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Theory; Practice; Policy
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      Mankiw, N. Gregory, Matthew C. Weinzierl, and Danny Yagan. "Optimal Taxation in Theory and Practice." Journal of Economic Perspectives 23, no. 4 (Fall 2009): 147–174.
      • June 2009 (Revised May 2013)
      • Case

      Australia: The Riches and Challenges of Commodities

      By: Laura Alfaro and Renee Kim
      Australia's Prime Minister Kevin Rudd faced a daunting task that he never imagined he would have to face when he was elected two years ago. Australia at that time was poised to enter its 17th year of uninterrupted growth. Commodity exports were booming, largely driven... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Policy; Crisis Management; China; Australia
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Renee Kim. "Australia: The Riches and Challenges of Commodities." Harvard Business School Case 709-007, June 2009. (Revised May 2013.)
      • January 2009 (Revised November 2010)
      • Case

      The Dojima Rice Market and the Origins of Futures Trading

      By: David A. Moss and Eugene Kintgen
      In 1730, Japanese merchants petitioned shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune to officially authorize trade in rice futures at the Dojima Exchange, the world's first organized (but unsanctioned) futures market. For many years, the Japanese government had prohibited the trade of... View Details
      Keywords: Futures and Commodity Futures; Price; Food; Business History; Market Transactions; Business and Government Relations; Japan
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      Moss, David A., and Eugene Kintgen. "The Dojima Rice Market and the Origins of Futures Trading." Harvard Business School Case 709-044, January 2009. (Revised November 2010.)
      • December 2008 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Olam International

      By: David E. Bell and Mary Shelman
      In 20 years, Sunny Verghese had built Singapore-based Olam International from a small Nigerian export company into a $5 billion global leader in agricultural commodities with a core competence in Africa. Olam's growth had come by pursuing product and geographic... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Trade; Growth and Development Strategy; Supply Chain; Expansion; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Africa; Singapore
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      Bell, David E., and Mary Shelman. "Olam International." Harvard Business School Case 509-002, December 2008. (Revised February 2017.)
      • December 2008 (Revised January 2011)
      • Case

      Arcadia Biosciences: Seeds of Change

      By: Arthur A. Daemmrich, Forest L. Reinhardt and Mary Louise Shelman
      Arcadia Biosciences is an entrepreneurial California agricultural biotech company seeking to earn carbon credits by modifying commodity crops for use in China and India. Eric Rey, Arcadia's CEO, faced a strategic inflection point in early September 2008. The company... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Science-Based Business; Climate Change; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; China; India; California
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      Daemmrich, Arthur A., Forest L. Reinhardt, and Mary Louise Shelman. "Arcadia Biosciences: Seeds of Change." Harvard Business School Case 709-019, December 2008. (Revised January 2011.)
      • December 2007 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Queensland Sugar Limited

      By: David E. Bell and Mary L. Shelman
      Until industry deregulation in 2006, Queensland Sugar ran Australia's single desk marketing system for raw sugar exports. Since deregulation, eight of the ten Queensland sugar millers have elected to continue collective marketing through QSL. However, several millers... View Details
      Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Goods and Commodities; Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competition; Marketing Strategy; Supply Chain; Network Effects; Supply and Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Australia
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      Bell, David E., and Mary L. Shelman. "Queensland Sugar Limited." Harvard Business School Case 508-038, December 2007. (Revised March 2013.)
      • 2007
      • Blog

      Harvard Business Online—Marketing Know:How: How To Avoid the Commodity Trap

      By: John A. Quelch
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      Quelch, John A. "How To Avoid the Commodity Trap." Harvard Business Online—Marketing Know:How (blog). December 13, 2007. https://hbr.org/2007/12/how-to-avoid-the-commodity-tra.
      • December 2007 (Revised July 2008)
      • Case

      General Mills (A)

      By: Raymond V. Gilmartin, Marco Iansiti and Bianca Buccitelli
      General Mills is an 80-year-old company that specializes in consumer foods such as cereal, snacks, baking, and dinner products. Although General Mills is, on the whole, a very successful company, they have, in the recent past, had to face challenges as a result the... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Change Management; Cost Management; Problems and Challenges; Inflation and Deflation; Price; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry
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      Gilmartin, Raymond V., Marco Iansiti, and Bianca Buccitelli. "General Mills (A)." Harvard Business School Case 608-004, December 2007. (Revised July 2008.)
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      The Price of Capital: Evidence from Trade Data

      By: Laura Alfaro and Faisal Ahmed
      We use highly disaggregated data on trade in capital goods to study differences in the price of capital across countries. This strategy is motivated by the fact that most countries import the bulk of machinery equipment from a small number of industrialized countries.... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Goods and Commodities; Trade
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Faisal Ahmed. "The Price of Capital: Evidence from Trade Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-073, April 2007. (Revised March 2010.)
      • December 2005 (Revised July 2006)
      • Case

      Bunge: Poised for Growth

      By: David E. Bell and Mary L. Shelman
      As CEO of the world's largest oilseed processor, Alberto Weisser of Bunge must not only decide how quickly to expand in fast-growing markets of Eastern Europe and Asia, but also how best to leverage the firm's global footprint and leadership position. The firm is... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Trade; Global Strategy; Leadership; Growth Management; Management Style; Demand and Consumers; Supply Chain; Integration; Technology; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Asia; Europe
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      Bell, David E., and Mary L. Shelman. "Bunge: Poised for Growth." Harvard Business School Case 506-036, December 2005. (Revised July 2006.)
      • 5 Nov 2005 - 8 Nov 2005
      • Conference Presentation

      New Perspectives on the Business Value of IT

      By: David James Brunner, Bradley R. Staats and Marco Iansiti
      We sought to unravel the link between IT investment and firm performance by examining deployed IT functionality (ITF). First, ITF appears to be an important link in the IT spend to business value chain. Second, ITF does not seem to be a commodity and has... View Details
      Keywords: Perspective; Value; Performance; Investment; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Information Technology; Information Technology Industry
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      Brunner, David James, Bradley R. Staats, and Marco Iansiti. "New Perspectives on the Business Value of IT." Paper presented at the INFORMS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 5–8, 2005.
      • December 2004 (Revised May 2005)
      • Case

      Nestle: Sustainable Agriculture Initiative

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt
      Swiss food giant Nestle attempts to improve the performance of its suppliers of agricultural commodities to raise quality, lower costs, and contribute to sustainable development. Its initiatives focus first on coffee, cocoa, and milk. Nestle managers assert that the... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Social Issues; Business and Community Relations; Corporate Strategy; Agribusiness; Supply Chain Management; Marketing Strategy; Value Creation; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
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      Reinhardt, Forest L. "Nestle: Sustainable Agriculture Initiative." Harvard Business School Case 705-018, December 2004. (Revised May 2005.)
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